Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

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Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (abbreviation IPO; Hebrew

Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Modern Hebrew is spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Classical Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jews communities around the world....
: ??????? ??????????? ????????, ha-Tizmoret ha-Filharmonit ha-Yisre'elit) is the leading symphony orchestra in Israel

Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
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The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (abbreviation IPO; Hebrew

Hebrew language

Israel

Bronislaw Huberman

Bronislaw Huberman was a Jewish Poland violinist. He was known for his individualistic and personal interpretations and was praised for his tone color, expressiveness, and flexibility....
in 1936, at a time when many Jew

Jew

A Jew is a member of the Jewish people, an ethnoreligious group that traces its ancestry to the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East....
ish musicians were being fired from European orchestras. Its inaugural concert took place in Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv-Yafo , usually Tel Aviv, is the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of cities in Israel in Israel, with an estimated population of 390,100....
on December 26, 1936, and was conducted by Arturo Toscanini

Arturo Toscanini

Arturo Toscanini was an Italian people conductor. One of the most acclaimed musicians of the late 19th and 20th Centuries, he was renowned for his brilliant intensity, his restless perfectionism, his phenomenal ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his photographic memory....
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The IPO enjoys frequent international tours, including a tour of Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
in 1971, and has hosted some of the world's greatest conductors

Conducting

Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. Orchestras, choirs, concert bands and other musical ensembles often have conductors....
. Particularly associated with the orchestra are conductors Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein was a multi-Emmy-winning and Academy Award for Original Music Score nominated American Conductor , composer, author, music lecturer and Piano....
and Zubin Mehta

Zubin Mehta

Zubin Mehta is an Indian conducting of Western classical music....
. Bernstein maintained close ties with the orchestra from 1947, and in 1988, the IPO bestowed on him the title of Laureate Conductor, which he retained until his death in 1990. Mehta has served as the IPO's Music Advisor since 1968. The IPO did not have a formal music director, but instead "music advisors", until 1977, when Mehta was appointed the IPO's first Music Director. In 1981, his title was elevated to Music Director for Life. Kurt Masur

Kurt Masur

Kurt Masur is a Germany conducting, particularly noted for his interpretation of German Romantic music....
is the IPO's Honorary Guest Conductor, a title granted to him in 1992. Yoel Levi

Yoel Levi

Yoel Levi is a musician and conductor . Born in Romania, he grew up in Israel. He studied at the Tel Aviv Academy of Music, earning a masters degree with distinction....
serves as Principal Guest Conductor.

With Mehta, the IPO has made a number of recordings for Decca

Decca Records

Decca Records is a British record label established in 1929 in music by Edward Lewis . Its U.S. label was established in late 1934; later the link with the British company was broken for several decades....
. Under the baton of Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein was a multi-Emmy-winning and Academy Award for Original Music Score nominated American Conductor , composer, author, music lecturer and Piano....
, the IPO also recorded his works and those of Igor Stravinsky

Igor Stravinsky

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian-born composer, considered by many to be the most influential composer of 20th century music. He was a quintessentially Cosmopolitanism Russian who was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people of the century....
. The IPO has also collaborated with Japanese composer Yoko Kanno

Yoko Kanno

is a composer, arranger and musician best known for her work on the soundtracks for many games, seminal anime films, TV series, live-action movies, and Television advertisement....
in the soundtrack of the anime

Anime

is animation in Japan and considered to be "Japanese animation" in the rest of the world. Anime dates from about 1917.Anime, in addition to manga , is extremely popular in Japan and well known throughout the world....
Macross Plus
Macross Plus

is a four-episode anime OVA and theatrical movie in the The Super Dimension Fortress Macross series. It was the first sequel to the original The Super Dimension Fortress Macross television series that took place in the official timeline ....
.

, the composers whose works have been most frequently performed by the IPO were Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical music era and Romantic music eras in classical music, and remains one of the most acclaimed and influential composers of all time....
, Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood in Salzburg. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty; at seventeen he was engaged as a court musician in Salzburg, but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position, always...
, Brahms

Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms , composer and pianist, was one of the leading musicians of the Romantic music. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene....
, Mendelssohn

Felix Mendelssohn

Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born, and generally known in English-speaking countries, as Felix Mendelssohn was a Germany composer, pianist, organist and conducting of the early Romantic music period....
and Dvorák

Antonín Dvorák

Anton?n Leopold Dvor?k was a Czechs composer of Romantic music, who employed the idioms and melodies of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia....
. The initial concerts of the Palestine Orchestra in December 1936, conducted by Toscanini, featured the music of Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, Conducting, theatre director and essayist, primarily known for his operas . Unlike most other great opera composers, Wagner wrote both the scenario and libretto for his works....
. However, after the Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht

File:1938 Interior of Berlin synagogue after Kristallnacht.jpgKristallnacht or the Night of Broken Glass or "night of shattered crystal" was a pogrom in Nazi Germany on November 9?10, 1938....
pogroms in November 1938, the orchestra has maintained a de facto ban on Wagner

Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, Conducting, theatre director and essayist, primarily known for his operas . Unlike most other great opera composers, Wagner wrote both the scenario and libretto for his works....
's work, due to that composer's antisemitism and the association of his music with Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
.

The Secretary-General of the orchestra is Avi Shoshani. The IPO has a subscriber base numbering 26,000. Commentators have noted the musically conservative tastes of the subscriber base.

Musical Advisors/Music Directors

Until 1977 the orchestra had no Music Directors. The conductors most closely associated with the orchestra were called musical advisors.

Zubin Mehta
Zubin Mehta

Zubin Mehta is an Indian conducting of Western classical music....
(1968–) (Musical Advisor 1968–1977; Music Director thereafter)
Jean Martinon
Jean Martinon

Jean Martinon was a France conducting and composer....
(1957–1959)
Bernardino Molinari
Bernardino Molinari

Bernardino Molinari was an Italy conducting.Studied under Renzi and Falchi at the Accademia of Accademia di Santa Cecilia in his home town....
Paul Paray
Paul Paray

Paul Paray was a France Conducting, organist and composer. He is best remembered in the United States for being the resident conductor of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra for more than a decade....
(1949–1951)
Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein

Leonard Bernstein was a multi-Emmy-winning and Academy Award for Original Music Score nominated American Conductor , composer, author, music lecturer and Piano....
(1947–1949; Laureate Conductor 1947-1990)
William Steinberg
William Steinberg

William Steinberg was a German-American Conducting....
(1936–1938)

Israel Philharmonic Orchestra

Musical Advisors/Music Directors

External links