Isotopes of neodymium - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Naturally occurring neodymium
Neodymium
Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite...

(Nd) is composed of 5 stable isotope

Isotope

Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...

s, ¹⁴²Nd, ¹⁴³Nd, ¹⁴⁵Nd, ¹⁴⁶Nd and ¹⁴⁸Nd, with ¹⁴²Nd being the most abundant (27.2% natural abundance

Natural abundance

In chemistry, natural abundance refers to the abundance of isotopes of a chemical element as naturally found on a planet. The relative atomic mass of these isotopes is the atomic weight listed for the element in the periodic table...

), and 2 radioisotopes, ¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁵⁰Nd. In all, 33 radioisotopes of Neodymium have been characterized up to now, with the most stable being naturally occurring isotopes ¹⁴⁴Nd (alpha decay

Alpha decay

Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less...

, a half-life

Half-life

Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...

(T_½) of 2.29×10¹⁵ years) and ¹⁵⁰Nd (double beta decay

Double beta decay

Double beta decay is a radioactive decay process where a nucleus releases two beta rays as a single process.In double-beta decay, two neutrons in the nucleus are converted to protons, and two electrons and two electron antineutrinos are emitted...

, T_½ of 7×10¹⁸ years). All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 11 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 70 seconds. This element also has 13 known meta states with the most stable being ^139mNd (T_½ 5.5 hours), ^135mNd (T_½ 5.5 minutes) and ^133m1Nd (T_½ ~70 seconds).

The primary decay modes before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁴²Nd, are electron capture

Electron capture

Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...

and positron decay, and the primary mode after is beta minus decay. The primary decay product

Decay product

In nuclear physics, a decay product is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often involves a sequence of steps...

s before ¹⁴²Nd are element Pr (praseodymium

Praseodymium

Praseodymium is a chemical element that has the symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is too reactive to be found in native form, and when artificially prepared, it slowly develops a green oxide coating.The element...

) isotopes and the primary products after are element Pm (promethium

Promethium

Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. It is notable for being the only exclusively radioactive element besides technetium that is followed by chemical elements with stable isotopes.- Prediction :...

) isotopes.

Standard atomic mass: 144.242(3) u

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... )	N(n Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... )	isotopic mass (u)	half-lifeBold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)	decay mode(s)Abbreviations: EC: Electron capture Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... IT: Isomeric transition Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer....	daughter isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy					daughter isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹²⁴Nd	60	64	123.95223(64)#	500# ms			0+
¹²⁵Nd	60	65	124.94888(43)#	600(150) ms			5/2(+#)
¹²⁶Nd	60	66	125.94322(43)#	1# s [>200 ns]	β⁺	¹²⁶Pr	0+
¹²⁷Nd	60	67	126.94050(43)#	1.8(4) s	β⁺	¹²⁷Pr	5/2+#
¹²⁷Nd	60	67	126.94050(43)#	1.8(4) s	β⁺, p Proton emission Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very... (rare)	¹²⁶Ce	5/2+#
¹²⁸Nd	60	68	127.93539(21)#	5# s	β⁺	¹²⁸Pr	0+
¹²⁸Nd	60	68	127.93539(21)#	5# s	β⁺, p (rare)	¹²⁷Ce	0+
¹²⁹Nd	60	69	128.93319(22)#	4.9(2) s	β⁺	¹²⁹Pr	5/2+#
¹²⁹Nd	60	69	128.93319(22)#	4.9(2) s	β⁺, p (rare)	¹²⁸Ce	5/2+#
¹³⁰Nd	60	70	129.92851(3)	21(3) s	β⁺	¹³⁰Pr	0+
¹³¹Nd	60	71	130.92725(3)	33(3) s	β⁺	¹³¹Pr	(5/2)(+#)
¹³¹Nd	60	71	130.92725(3)	33(3) s	β⁺, p (rare)	¹³⁰Ce	(5/2)(+#)
¹³²Nd	60	72	131.923321(26)	1.56(10) min	β⁺	¹³²Pr	0+
¹³³Nd	60	73	132.92235(5)	70(10) s	β⁺	¹³³Pr	(7/2+)
^133m1Nd	127.97(11) keV			~70 s	β⁺	¹³³Pr	(1/2)+
^133m2Nd	176.10(10) keV			~300 ns			(9/2-)
¹³⁴Nd	60	74	133.918790(13)	8.5(15) min	β⁺	¹³⁴Pr	0+
^134mNd	2293.1(4) keV			410(30) µs			(8)-
¹³⁵Nd	60	75	134.918181(21)	12.4(6) min	β⁺	¹³⁵Pr	9/2(-)
^135mNd	65.0(2) keV			5.5(5) min	β⁺	¹³⁵Pr	(1/2+)
¹³⁶Nd	60	76	135.914976(13)	50.65(33) min	β⁺	¹³⁶Pr	0+
¹³⁷Nd	60	77	136.914567(12)	38.5(15) min	β⁺	¹³⁷Pr	1/2+
^137mNd	519.43(17) keV			1.60(15) s	IT Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer....	¹³⁷Nd	(11/2-)
¹³⁸Nd	60	78	137.911950(13)	5.04(9) h	β⁺	¹³⁸Pr	0+
^138mNd	3174.9(4) keV			410(50) ns			(10+)
¹³⁹Nd	60	79	138.911978(28)	29.7(5) min	β⁺	¹³⁹Pr	3/2+
^139m1Nd	231.15(5) keV			5.50(20) h	β⁺ (88.2%)	¹³⁹Pr	11/2-
^139m1Nd	231.15(5) keV			5.50(20) h	IT (11.8%)	¹³⁹Nd	11/2-
^139m2Nd	2570.9+X keV			>=141 ns
¹⁴⁰Nd	60	80	139.90955(3)	3.37(2) d	EC Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...	¹⁴⁰Pr	0+
^140mNd	2221.4(1) keV			600(50) µs			7-
¹⁴¹Nd	60	81	140.909610(4)	2.49(3) h	β⁺	¹⁴¹Pr	3/2+
^141mNd	756.51(5) keV			62.0(8) s	IT (99.95%)	¹⁴¹Nd	11/2-
^141mNd	756.51(5) keV			62.0(8) s	β⁺ (.05%)	¹⁴¹Pr	11/2-
¹⁴²Nd	60	82	141.9077233(25)	Observationally StableTheoretically capable of Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotopes. Because the nuclear binding energy reaches a maximum at a nuclear mass greater than about 60 atomic mass units , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses...			0+	0.272(5)	0.2680-0.2730
¹⁴³NdFission product Fission product Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus fissions. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons and a large release of energy in the form of heat , gamma rays and neutrinos. The... Used in Samarium-neodymium dating Samarium-neodymium dating Samarium-neodymium dating is useful for determining the age relationships of rocks and meteorites, based on decay of a long-lived samarium isotope to a radiogenic neodymium isotope. Nd isotope ratios are used to provide information on the source of igneous melts as well as to provide age data...	60	83	142.9098143(25)	Observationally StableTheorized to undergo α decay to ¹³⁹Ce			7/2-	0.122(2)	0.1212-0.1232
¹⁴⁴NdPrimordial Primordial nuclide In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known... radionuclide Radionuclide A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma...	60	84	143.9100873(25)	2.29(16)×10¹⁵ a	α Alpha decay Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less...	¹⁴⁰Ce	0+	0.238(3)	0.2379-0.2397
¹⁴⁵Nd	60	85	144.9125736(25)	Observationally StableTheorized to undergo α decay to ¹⁴¹Ce			7/2-	0.083(1)	0.0823-0.0835
¹⁴⁶Nd	60	86	145.9131169(25)	Observationally StableTheorized to undergo α decay to ¹⁴²Ce			0+	0.172(3)	0.1706-0.1735
¹⁴⁷Nd	60	87	146.9161004(25)	10.98(1) d	β^-	¹⁴⁷Pm	5/2-
¹⁴⁸Nd	60	88	147.916893(3)	Observationally StableTheorized to undergo α decay to ¹⁴⁴Ce with a half-life over 3.0×10¹⁸ years			0+	0.057(1)	0.0566-0.0578
¹⁴⁹Nd	60	89	148.920149(3)	1.728(1) h	β^-	¹⁴⁸Pm	5/2-
¹⁵⁰Nd	60	90	149.920891(3)	6.7(7)×10¹⁸ a	β^-β^-	¹⁵⁰Sm	0+	0.056(2)	0.0553-0.0569
¹⁵¹Nd	60	91	150.923829(3)	12.44(7) min	β^-	¹⁵¹Pm	3/2+
¹⁵²Nd	60	92	151.924682(26)	11.4(2) min	β^-	¹⁵²Pm	0+
¹⁵³Nd	60	93	152.927698(29)	31.6(10) s	β^-	¹⁵³Pm	(3/2)-
¹⁵⁴Nd	60	94	153.92948(12)	25.9(2) s	β^-	¹⁵⁴Pm	0+
^154m1Nd	480(150)# keV			1.3(5) µs
^154m2Nd	1349(10) keV			>1 µs			(5-)
¹⁵⁵Nd	60	95	154.93293(16)#	8.9(2) s	β^-	¹⁵⁵Pm	3/2-#
¹⁵⁶Nd	60	96	155.93502(22)	5.49(7) s	β^-	¹⁵⁶Pm	0+
^156mNd	1432(5) keV			135 ns			5-
¹⁵⁷Nd	60	97	156.93903(21)#	2# s [>300 ns]	β^-	¹⁵⁷Pm	5/2-#
¹⁵⁸Nd	60	98	157.94160(43)#	700# ms [>300 ns]	β^-	¹⁵⁸Pm	0+
¹⁵⁹Nd	60	99	158.94609(54)#	500# ms	β^-	¹⁵⁹Pm	7/2+#
¹⁶⁰Nd	60	100	159.94909(64)#	300# ms	β^-	¹⁶⁰Pm	0+
¹⁶¹Nd	60	101	160.95388(75)#	200# ms	β^-	¹⁶¹Pm	1/2-#

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