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Isophthalic acid is an organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
 with the formula
Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
 C6H4(CO2H)2. This colourless solid is an isomer of phthalic acid
Phthalic acid

Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H42. It is an isomer of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid....
 and terephthalic acid
Terephthalic acid

Terephthalic acid is the organic compound and one of three isomeric phthalic acids, all with chemical formula C6H42....
. These aromatic
Aromaticity

Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated system ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone....
 dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxylic acid

Dicarboxylic acids are organic compounds that are substituted with two carboxylic acid functional groups. In molecular formulae for dicarboxylic acids, these groups are often written as HOOC-R-COOH, where R is usually an alkane, alkene, or alkyne group....
s are used as precursors to polymers and other compounds of commercial significance. Mixed with terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid is used in the production of resins for drink bottles. The high-performance polymer polybenzimidazole is produced from isophthalic acid.

hthalic acid is produced on the billion kilogram/y scale by oxidizing meta-xylene
Xylene

The term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers which is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries....
 using oxygen.






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Isophthalic acid is an organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
 with the formula
Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
 C6H4(CO2H)2. This colourless solid is an isomer of phthalic acid
Phthalic acid

Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H42. It is an isomer of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid....
 and terephthalic acid
Terephthalic acid

Terephthalic acid is the organic compound and one of three isomeric phthalic acids, all with chemical formula C6H42....
. These aromatic
Aromaticity

Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated system ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone....
 dicarboxylic acid
Dicarboxylic acid

Dicarboxylic acids are organic compounds that are substituted with two carboxylic acid functional groups. In molecular formulae for dicarboxylic acids, these groups are often written as HOOC-R-COOH, where R is usually an alkane, alkene, or alkyne group....
s are used as precursors to polymers and other compounds of commercial significance. Mixed with terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid is used in the production of resins for drink bottles. The high-performance polymer polybenzimidazole is produced from isophthalic acid.

Preparation

Isophthalic acid is produced on the billion kilogram/y scale by oxidizing meta-xylene
Xylene

The term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers which is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries....
 using oxygen. The process employs a cobalt
Cobalt

Cobalt is a hard, lustrous, grey metal, a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Although cobalt-based colors and pigments have been used since ancient times, and miners have long used the name kobold ore for some minerals, cobalt was only discovered in 1735 by Georg Brandt....
-manganese
Manganese

Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a Oxidation state in nature , and in many minerals....
 catalyst. In the laboratory, chromic acid
Chromic acid

Chromic acid generally refers to a collection of chemical compound generated by the acidification of solutions containing chromate and dichromate ion or the dissolving of chromium trioxide in sulfuric acid....
 can be used as the oxidant. It also arises by fusing potassium meta-sulphobenzoate, or meta-brombenzoate with potassium formate (terephthalic acid is also formed in the last case).

The barium salt (as its hexahydrate
Water of crystallization

Water of crystallization is water that occurs in crystals but is not covalent bond to a host molecule or ion. The term is archaic and predates modern structural inorganic chemistry, coming from an era when the relationships between stoichiometry and structure were poorly understood....
) is very soluble (a distinction between phthalic and terephthalic acids). Uvitic acid, 5-methylisophthalic acid, is obtained by oxidizing mesitylene
Mesitylene

In organic chemistry, mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon with three methyl substituents attached to the benzene ring....
 or by condensing pyroracemic acid with baryta water.

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