Islip, Oxfordshire
Encyclopedia
Islip is a village and civil parish on the River Ray
River Ray
The River Ray is a river in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England. It rises at Quainton Hill and flows west through a flat countryside for around 25 km or 15 miles. It passes the village of Ambrosden and then flows through Otmoor...

, just above its confluence with the River Cherwell
River Cherwell
The River Cherwell is a river which flows through the Midlands of England. It is a major tributary of the River Thames.The general course of the River Cherwell is north to south and the 'straight-line' distance from its source to the Thames is about...

 in Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Wiltshire and Gloucestershire ....

, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

. It is about 2 miles (3 km) east of Kidlington
Kidlington
Kidlington is a large village and civil parish between the River Cherwell and the Oxford Canal, north of Oxford and southwest of Bicester.-History:...

 and about 5 miles (8 km) north of Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...

. This village in Oxfordshire is not related to Islip, New York
Islip (town), New York
The Town of Islip is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York . Located on the south shore of Long Island, the town population was 322,612 at the 2000 census. The smaller, unincorporated hamlet of Islip lies within the town.-Demographics:...

. The American cousin takes it name from the village in Northamptonshire
Islip, Northamptonshire
Islip is a village and civil parish in East Northamptonshire, England. It is close to the town of Thrapston, 5 miles from Little Addington and 7 miles east of Kettering. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 763 people. Islip is linked to Corby which is 10 miles north-west...

.

History

Roman

The remains of a Romano-British villa
Roman villa
A Roman villa is a villa that was built or lived in during the Roman republic and the Roman Empire. A villa was originally a Roman country house built for the upper class...

 have been found in the village.

Church Of St Nicholas

The Church of England parish church
Church of England parish church
A parish church in the Church of England is the church which acts as the religious centre for the people within the smallest and most basic Church of England administrative region, known as a parish.-Parishes in England:...

 of Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas , also called Nikolaos of Myra, was a historic 4th-century saint and Greek Bishop of Myra . Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nikolaos the Wonderworker...

 has existed since at least 1065, but the earliest part of the present building is the arcade
Arcade (architecture)
An arcade is a succession of arches, each counterthrusting the next, supported by columns or piers or a covered walk enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides. In warmer or wet climates, exterior arcades provide shelter for pedestrians....

 between the nave
Nave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...

 and north aisle, which was built in about 1200 in the Transitional style between Early English and Decorated Gothic. The chancel was rebuilt in 1780. In 1861 the Gothic Revival architect
Gothic Revival architecture
The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in the 1740s in England...

 E.G. Bruton
Edward George Bruton
Edward George Bruton was a British Gothic Revival architect who practiced in Oxford. He was made an Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1855 and a Fellow of the RIBA in 1861.-Work:...

 remodelled the chancel and restored the rest of the church. The bell tower
Bell tower
A bell tower is a tower which contains one or more bells, or which is designed to hold bells, even if it has none. In the European tradition, such a tower most commonly serves as part of a church and contains church bells. When attached to a city hall or other civic building, especially in...

 has a ring
Change ringing
Change ringing is the art of ringing a set of tuned bells in a series of mathematical patterns called "changes". It differs from many other forms of campanology in that no attempt is made to produce a conventional melody....

 of eight bells. The Church of England
Church of England
The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal establishment principally to the mission to England by St...

 parish is now part of the Benefice of the Ray Valley.

The former rectory is a William and Mary house built for Dr South
Robert South
Robert South was an English churchman, known for his combative preaching.-Early life:He was the son of Robert South, a London merchant, and Elizabeth Berry...

, bearing the date 1689. It is a limestone double pile house of five bays, sash windows with attic dormers and a central doorcase with cnopy on carved brackets. The Rectory can be seen in the picture above. It is the main building above the bridge and to the right of the church tower.

Figures associated with Parish of Islip:
Name Year
John Ireland (Dean of Westminster)
John Ireland (Dean of Westminster)
John Ireland was an English Anglican priest, who served as Dean of Westminster from 1816 until his death. In this role, he carried the crown during the coronation services at Westminster Abbey of two monarchs...

, Rector Of Islip
1816–1835
Michael Scott-Joynt
Michael Scott-Joynt
Michael Charles Scott-Joynt is an English ecclesiastic and prelate of the Order of the Garter. He was appointed Bishop of Winchester, one of the five senior bishoprics in the Church of England, in 1995. He had previously served as Bishop of Stafford in the Diocese of Lichfield from 1987 and before...

 
1976–1981
William Freind
William Freind
William Freind was an 18th-century Church of England clergyman who was Dean of Canterbury from 1760 to 1766.He was the son of Robert Freind, headmaster of Westminster School and Jane, daughter of Samuel de L'Angle, prebendary of Westminster. The family name was also spelled 'Friend'.He was...

 
1747
Hugh Weston
Hugh Weston
Hugh Weston was an English churchman and academic, dean of Westminster and Dean of Windsor, and Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford.-Life:...

, Dean of Westminster and Rector of Islip
1554–1558
William Vincent
William Vincent
William Vincent was Dean of Westminster from 1803 to 1815.-Biography:Vincent born on 2 November 1739 in Limehouse Street Ward, London, was the fifth surviving son of Giles Vincent, packer and Portugal merchant, by Sarah .-Theological career:William was admitted at Westminster School as a ‘town...

, Headmaster Westminster School, Rector Of Islip
1805
Thomas Atkinson
Thomas Atkinson (divine)
Thomas Atkinson , was an English divine and dramatist.Atkinson entered Merchant Taylors' School in August 1608. Seven years later he was elected scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, during the presidency of Laud, and, graduating in 1619, proceeded to the degree of B.D. in 1630...

, Rector Of Islip
1638
Dr Peter Haylin, Rector Of Islip 1633
Dr Robert South
Robert South
Robert South was an English churchman, known for his combative preaching.-Early life:He was the son of Robert South, a London merchant, and Elizabeth Berry...

, Rector of Islip and founder of Dr South's School, Islip
1678

Edward The Confessor

King Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor also known as St. Edward the Confessor , son of Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy, was one of the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England and is usually regarded as the last king of the House of Wessex, ruling from 1042 to 1066....

 was born in Islip around 1004. A chapel
Chapel
A chapel is a building used by Christians as a place of fellowship and worship. It may be part of a larger structure or complex, such as a church, college, hospital, palace, prison or funeral home, located on board a military or commercial ship, or it may be an entirely free-standing building,...

 associated with him used to exist north of the church but has now since disappeared. Edward the Confessor gave lands in and around Islip to Westminster. In April 1645 during the English Civil War
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...

 the chapel was damaged during a rout, and in the 1780s it was demolished. In 2006 the Channel 4
Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began working on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority , the station is now owned and operated by the Channel...

 archaeology programme Time Team
Time Team
Time Team is a British television series which has been aired on Channel 4 since 1994. Created by television producer Tim Taylor and presented by actor Tony Robinson, each episode features a team of specialists carrying out an archaeological dig over a period of three days, with Robinson explaining...

visited Islip and tried unsuccessfully to find the remains of the chapel. The report from the dig can be found here.

Ties With Westminster And The Catholic Church & The Church Of England

As can be seen from the list of church personnel above there are many ties with Westminster and the Church. This is due to the influence and draw of Edward the Confessor.

Westminster Prebends
Prebendary
A prebendary is a post connected to an Anglican or Catholic cathedral or collegiate church and is a type of canon. Prebendaries have a role in the administration of the cathedral...

 used to meet with their tennents at the Red Lion.

Simon Islip
Simon Islip
Simon Islip was an English prelate. He served as Archbishop of Canterbury between 1349 and 1366.-Lord Privy Seal:In 1347, possibly in September, Simon was appointed keeper of the Privy Seal. Previously he had held the seal of Lionel, who was the regent in England...

, an Archbishop of Canterbury (20 December 1349 to 26 April 1366), born at Islip.

John Islip
John Islip
John Islip was abbot of the monastery of Westminster, London, in Tudor times.-Biography:Islip was doubtless a member of the family which rose to ecclesiastical importance in the person of Archbishop Simon Islip...

, Abbot of Westminster 1500–32, who was probably born in Islip. He built various feature inside Westminster Abbey including the small Chapel of St. John the Baptist, commonly known as Islip's Chapel.

Civil War

The village played a part in the English Civil War
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...

.

The significant encounter was called Battle Of Islip Bridge which was fought in 1645

The Swan Inn and Boat Building yard, what is now the car park, was run by a Mr Beckley, ancestor of Mr Chris Beckley of Horton cum Studley. Mr Beckley used his boats to ferry the parliamentary army into Oxford when the city was captured from the Royalist forces. The Beckley family were given the fishing rights on the river as a reward that they held until early in the 20th century. Chris Beckley's father who now lives in Somerset still has a boat building chisel from the boatyard. Mr Beckley was probably descended from Sir Thomas de Beckleye who is recorded as living in the village of Noke
Noke, Oxfordshire
Noke is a small village and civil parish in Oxfordshire about northeast of Oxford. It is on the southeast edge of Otmoor and is one of the "Seven Towns of Otmoor".The toponym is derived from Old English and means "at the oak trees"...

 in 1481.

Village Evolution

When the Domesday Book
Domesday Book
Domesday Book , now held at The National Archives, Kew, Richmond upon Thames in South West London, is the record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086...

 was completed in 1086, Islip's system of common fields
Common land
Common land is land owned collectively or by one person, but over which other people have certain traditional rights, such as to allow their livestock to graze upon it, to collect firewood, or to cut turf for fuel...

 was entirely on the north side of the River Ray. At some time after this and before 1300, Islip's villagers assarted
Assarting
Assarting is the act of clearing forested lands for use in agriculture or other purposes. In English law, it was illegal to assart any part of a Royal forest...

 (i.e. cleared) about 200 acres (80.9 ha) of uncultivated land south of the River Ray and east of the River Cherwell and divided it into strips as a new common field for strip farming. In the 1970s this area of farmland was still called Sart Field.

The plague influenced the system of agriculture in Islip with week-work stopped immediately after the Black Death. This work was imposed by the Manor on his peasants as a system of free labour. The number of days per week the Manor could ask was fixed. This system reappeared by the harvest of 1357 by was finally stopped in Islip in 1386.

Sir William Fermor is listed, in March 1540, as Steward of the Manor of Islip. His brother Richard Fermor
Richard Fermor
Richard Fermor , was an English wool merchant. His father was also a wool merchant in Witney, Oxfordshire, called Thomas Fermor.He was a merchant of the staple at Calais.He married Anne, daughter of Sir William Browne, Lord Mayor of London...

 was a wool merchant. The Fermor family had many interests throughout the county but were primarily based in Somerton.

In the 18th century, Islip developed as an important staging post on the main London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

 to Worcester
Worcester
The City of Worcester, commonly known as Worcester, , is a city and county town of Worcestershire in the West Midlands of England. Worcester is situated some southwest of Birmingham and north of Gloucester, and has an approximate population of 94,000 people. The River Severn runs through the...

 coaching route with many of the current houses still bearing the names of its numerous inns
Coaching inn
In Europe, from approximately the mid-17th century for a period of about 200 years, the coaching inn, sometimes called a coaching house or staging inn, was a vital part of the inland transport infrastructure, as an inn serving coach travelers...

. It was also on the Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...

 to Buckingham
Buckingham
Buckingham is a town situated in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire. The town has a population of 11,572 ,...

 route during winter months, when Gosford Bridge was impassable.
Inn Name Current usage Date
Red Lion Pub still in use ?
The Swan Pub still in use ?
The Plume Of Feathers / Prince's Arms Demolished, site of the present coal yard? Built around 1780 reputedly from materials from the demolished Confessor's Chapel
Saddlers Arms ? ?
The Boot ? ?
The Britannia ? ?
The Fox And Grapes ? ?
The King's Head / Coach And Horses ? ?


Until 1947 a mill was in operation in Islip.

In 1850 the Buckinghamshire Railway
Buckinghamshire Railway
The Buckinghamshire Railway was a railway company in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England that constructed railway lines connecting Bletchley, Banbury and Oxford...

 completed its line from through Islip parish to , and opened Islip railway station
Islip railway station
Islip railway station serves the village of Islip, Oxfordshire, England. Islip is north-east of Oxford. Services run south to away and north-east to .Islip is served by Chiltern Railways using Class 165 Diesel Multiple Units.-History:...

 to serve the village. British Rail
British Rail
British Railways , which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the operator of most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the "Big Four" British railway companies and lasted until the gradual privatisation of British Rail, in stages...

ways withdrew passenger services from the line in 1967 and later Islip station was demolished. Oxfordshire County Council
Oxfordshire County Council
Oxfordshire County Council, established in 1889, is the county council, or upper-tier local authority, for the non-metropolitan county of Oxfordshire, in the South East of England, an elected body responsible for the most strategic local government services in the county.-History:County Councils...

 and Network SouthEast
Network SouthEast
Network SouthEast was one of three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982. NSE principally operated commuter trains in the London area and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England, although the network reached as far west as Exeter...

 reinstated passenger trains between Oxford and in 1987 and opened a new Islip railway station
Islip railway station
Islip railway station serves the village of Islip, Oxfordshire, England. Islip is north-east of Oxford. Services run south to away and north-east to .Islip is served by Chiltern Railways using Class 165 Diesel Multiple Units.-History:...

 in 1989.

Compare the view in in the etching to the Wheatley Road today. The long sweeping curve to the bridge is still there but the trees are more overgrown obscuring some of the view.

Cultural References

A mummers play, dating from 1780, has been linked to Islip. This is a very early example of this type of entertainment. Mummery continued in Islip until at least 1894Drama In Early Tudor Britain, Norland with a play depicting a girl called Molly who fell ill with toothache only to find, on extraction, that a nail was causing her the pain. There is another play citing Fat Jack, a comic servant.

In the 19th century the geologist William Buckland
William Buckland
The Very Rev. Dr William Buckland DD FRS was an English geologist, palaeontologist and Dean of Westminster, who wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur, which he named Megalosaurus...

 lived at Islip. He died 24 August 1856, at the advanced age of seventy-three, and he was buried in a spot which he had himself chosen in Saint Nicholas's churchyard.

James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps lived in Islip. He was an English Shakespearean scholar, and a collector of English Nursery Rhymes and Fairy Tales. Correspondence of his, during his time in Islip, relates to missing manuscripts from Trinity College, Cambridge, that were apprently found in his own personal collection.

Early in the 1920s Robert Graves
Robert Graves
Robert von Ranke Graves 24 July 1895 – 7 December 1985 was an English poet, translator and novelist. During his long life he produced more than 140 works...

 and Nancy Nicholson
Nancy Nicholson
Nancy Nicholson was a British painter and fabric designer.Born Annie Mary Pryde Nicholson, she was the only daughter of the artists Sir William Nicholson and Mabel Pryde. She had three brothers, sculptor Ben Nicholson, architect Christopher Nicholson and Anthony, who was killed in action in 1918...

 lived here, and Graves describes their life in the village in Goodbye to All That
Goodbye to All That
Good-Bye to All That, an autobiography by Robert Graves, first appeared in 1929, when the author was thirty-four. "It was my bitter leave-taking of England," he wrote in a prologue to the revised second edition of 1957, "where I had recently broken a good many conventions"...

. They lived in Worlds End on Collice Street

The rock band
Rock Band
Rock Band is a music video game developed by Harmonix Music Systems, published by MTV Games and Electronic Arts. It is the first title in the Rock Band series. The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions were released in the United States on November 20, 2007, while the PlayStation 2 version was...

 the Candyskins had its origins in Islip in the late 1970s and 1980s.

Amenities

Islip has two public house
Public house
A public house, informally known as a pub, is a drinking establishment fundamental to the culture of Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. There are approximately 53,500 public houses in the United Kingdom. This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller...

s: The Red Lion and The Swan. The Swan appears to have been closed down for a number of weeks (May 2011). The Swan Inn was reopened 24 June 2011.

It has also a community shop, run by volunteers and a village hall
Village hall
In the United States, a village hall is the seat of government for villages. It functions much as a city hall does within cities.In the United Kingdom, a village hall is usually a building within a village which contains at least one large room, usually owned by and run for the benefit of the local...

 along with a medical practice.

Links are still maintained with Westminster through activities such as the Big Bike Ride.

Dr South's Primary School is central to the village and The Friends Of Dr South's play a large role in linking the school to the village. The school was founded by Robert South
Robert South
Robert South was an English churchman, known for his combative preaching.-Early life:He was the son of Robert South, a London merchant, and Elizabeth Berry...

 in the 17th century.

Rail Link

From 22 May 2011 Chiltern Railways
Chiltern Railways
Chiltern Railways is a British train operating company. It was set up at the privatisation of British Rail in 1996, and operates local passenger trains from Marylebone station in London to Aylesbury and main-line trains on the Chiltern Main Line to Birmingham Snow Hill with its associated branches...

 operates services on the Oxford to Bicester Line
Oxford to Bicester Line
The Oxford to Bicester Line is a branch line linking Oxford and Bicester in Oxfordshire, England.-History:The line was opened in 1850 as part of the Buckinghamshire Railway, which in 1879 became part of the London and North Western Railway...

, having taken it over from First Great Western
First Great Western
First Great Western is the operating name of First Greater Western Ltd, a British train operating company owned by FirstGroup that serves Greater London, the South East, South West and West Midlands regions of England, and South Wales....

.

As part of Chiltern Railways
Chiltern Railways
Chiltern Railways is a British train operating company. It was set up at the privatisation of British Rail in 1996, and operates local passenger trains from Marylebone station in London to Aylesbury and main-line trains on the Chiltern Main Line to Birmingham Snow Hill with its associated branches...

 Evergreen 3 program there will be a new platform at Islip railway station
Islip railway station
Islip railway station serves the village of Islip, Oxfordshire, England. Islip is north-east of Oxford. Services run south to away and north-east to .Islip is served by Chiltern Railways using Class 165 Diesel Multiple Units.-History:...

and a double track.

External links

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