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Iron(II) sulfide

 
Iron(II) Sulfide

 
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Iron(II) sulfide
 
 
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Iron(II) sulfide is a chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
 with the formula FeS. In practice, iron sulfides are often non-stoichiometric. Powdered iron sulfide is pyrophoric.

FeS can be obtained by reacting iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
 and sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
.
S8(s) + 8Fe(s) ? 8FeS(s)


n sulfide" exists in several distinct forms which differ in the stoichiometry
Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantitative relationships of the reactants and Product in a balanced chemical reaction .Etymology...
 and properties:

ain chemical principles are nicely illustrated using the chemistry of iron sulfides. The methods of chemical composition can be shown by the production of iron(II) sulfide from iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
 and sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
 (see equation above).
FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) ? FeCl2 (aq) + H2S(g)


presence of ferrous sulfide as a visible black precipitate in the growth medium
Growth medium

A growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or Cell s , or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens ....
 peptone iron agar can be used to distinguish between microorganisms that produce the cysteine metabolizing
Cysteine metabolism

Cysteine metabolism refers to the biological pathways that consume or create cysteine. The pathways of different amino acids and other metabolites interweave and overlap to creating complex systems....
 enzyme cysteine desulfhydrase
D-cysteine desulfhydrase

In enzymology, a D-cysteine desulfhydrase is an enzyme that catalysis the chemical reactionThus, the two substrate of this enzyme are D-cysteine and water, whereas its 3 product are sulfide, ammonia, and pyruvate....
 and those that do not.






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Encyclopedia


Iron(II) sulfide is a chemical compound
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
 with the formula FeS. In practice, iron sulfides are often non-stoichiometric. Powdered iron sulfide is pyrophoric.

FeS can be obtained by reacting iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
 and sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
.
S8(s) + 8Fe(s) ? 8FeS(s)


Forms of iron sulfide

"Iron sulfide" exists in several distinct forms which differ in the stoichiometry
Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantitative relationships of the reactants and Product in a balanced chemical reaction .Etymology...
 and properties:
  • Pyrrhotite
    Pyrrhotite

    Pyrrhotite is an unusual iron sulfide mineral with a variable iron content: FeS . The FeS endmember is known as troilite. Also called magnetic pyrite because the color is similar to pyrite and it is weakly magnetic, the magnetism increases as the iron content decreases....
    , Fe1-xS, a mineral as well as the waste product of the Desulfovibrio
    Desulfovibrionales

    The Desulfovibrionales are an order of Proteobacteria, with four families. The majority are sulfate-reducing bacteria, with the exception of Lawsonia and Bilophila....
     bacteria, pyrrhotite displays ferrimagnetism
    Ferrimagnetism

    In physics, a ferrimagnetic material is one in which the magnetic moment of the atoms on different sublattices are opposed, as in antiferromagnetism; however, in ferrimagnetic materials, the opposing moments are unequal and a spontaneous magnetization remains....
     and crystallizes in monoclinic system.
  • Troilite, FeS, which has similar material to pyrrhotite, but does not possess ferromagnetic properties due to stoichiometric composition and crystallizes in hexagonal system.
  • Mackinawite
    Mackinawite

    Mackinawite is an iron nickel sulfide mineral with formula 1 + xS . It crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and occurs as opaque bronze to grey-white tabular crystals and anhedral masses....
    , Fe1+xS (often written as (Fe,Ni)9S8), the least stable form of iron sulfide, mackinawite has a layered structure.
  • Pyrite
    Pyrite

    The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula ironsulfur2. This mineral's metallic Lustre and pale-to-normal, brass-yellow hue have earned it the nickname fool's gold due to its resemblance to gold....
    , mineral form of the iron disulfide (FeS2) with a gold
    Gold

    Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal, having been used as money, as a store of value, in jewelry, in sculpture, and for ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history....
    -like appearance, making it also known as "fool's gold" (the related mineral is marcasite
    Marcasite

    The mineral marcasite, sometimes called white iron pyrite, is iron sulfide . Marcasite is often mistakenly confused with pyrite, but marcasite is lighter and more brittle....
    ).
  • Keilite (Fe,Mg)S was recently found in a meteorite.


Pedagogical uses

Certain chemical principles are nicely illustrated using the chemistry of iron sulfides. The methods of chemical composition can be shown by the production of iron(II) sulfide from iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
 and sulfur
Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element that has the atomic number 16. It is denoted with the symbol S. It is an abundant Valence non-metal....
 (see equation above).
  • This reaction is endothermic
    Endothermic

    In thermodynamics, the word endothermic "within-heating" describes a process or reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat. Its etymology stems from the Greek prefix endo-, meaning ?inside? and the Greek suffix ?thermic, meaning ?to heat?....
     as more energy is taken in than given out.
  • Iron shows ferromagnetism
    Ferromagnetism

    Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials form permanent magnets and/or exhibit strong interactions with magnets; it is responsible for most phenomena of magnetism Magnet#Common uses of magnets ....
    ; iron sulfides do not.
  • Iron sulfide with hydrochloric acid
    Hydrochloric acid

    Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
     (HCl), the acidic properties of hydrochloric acid and the pungent, toxic fume of hydrogen sulfide
    Hydrogen sulfide

    Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula Hydrogen2Sulfur. This colorless, toxic and flammable gas is partially responsible for the foul odor of egg and flatulence....
     can both be demonstrated:
FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) ? FeCl2 (aq) + H2S(g)


Biological and biochemical uses

The presence of ferrous sulfide as a visible black precipitate in the growth medium
Growth medium

A growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or Cell s , or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens ....
 peptone iron agar can be used to distinguish between microorganisms that produce the cysteine metabolizing
Cysteine metabolism

Cysteine metabolism refers to the biological pathways that consume or create cysteine. The pathways of different amino acids and other metabolites interweave and overlap to creating complex systems....
 enzyme cysteine desulfhydrase
D-cysteine desulfhydrase

In enzymology, a D-cysteine desulfhydrase is an enzyme that catalysis the chemical reactionThus, the two substrate of this enzyme are D-cysteine and water, whereas its 3 product are sulfide, ammonia, and pyruvate....
 and those that do not. Peptone iron agar contains the amino acid
Amino acid

In chemistry, an amino acid is a molecule containing both amine and carboxyl functional groups. These molecules are particularly important in biochemistry, where this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent....
 cysteine
Cysteine

Cysteine is an a-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2SH. It is a non-essential amino acid, which means that humans can synthesize it....
 and a chemical indicator, ferric citrate
Ammonium ferric citrate

Ammonium ferric citrate is a food additive with E number E381 used as an acidity regulator. It is a green or reddish-brown powder which is very soluble in water....
. The catalysis
Catalysis

Catalysis is the process in which the reaction rate of a chemical reaction is either increased or decreased by means of a chemical substance known as a catalyst....
 of cysteine releases hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula Hydrogen2Sulfur. This colorless, toxic and flammable gas is partially responsible for the foul odor of egg and flatulence....
 gas that reacts with the ferric citrate to produce ferrous sulfide.

See also

  • Iron-sulfur world theory
    Iron-sulfur world theory

    The iron-sulfur world theory is a hypothesis for the origin of life advanced by G?nter W?chtersh?user, a Munich chemist and patent lawyer, involving forms of iron and sulfur....