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Iron(II) oxide

 
Iron(II) Oxide

 
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Iron(II) oxide
 
 
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Iron(II) oxide, also known as ferrous oxide, iron oxide/oxidized iron or more commonly rusted iron, is one of the iron oxide
Iron oxide

Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen. Altogether, there are sixteen known iron oxides and oxyhydroxides....
s. It is a black-colored powder with the chemical formula . It consists of the chemical element
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
 iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
 in the oxidation state
Oxidation state

In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical Electrical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% Ionic bond....
 of 2 bonded to oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
. Its mineral form is known as wüstite
Wüstite

W?stite is a mineral form of iron oxide found with meteorites and native iron. It has a gray color with a greenish tint in reflected light. W?stite crystallizes in the Cubic crystal system in opaque to translucent metallic grains....
. Iron(II) oxide should not be confused with rust
Rust

Rust is a general term for a series of iron oxides, usually red oxides, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture....
, which usually consists of hydrated iron(III) oxide
Iron(III) oxide

Iron oxide?also known as ferric oxide, Hematite, red iron oxide, synthetic maghemite, colcothar, or simply rust?is one of the several oxide Chemical compounds of iron, and has Paramagnetism properties....
 (ferric oxide). Iron(II) oxide is an example of a non-stoichiometric compound
Non-stoichiometric compound

Non-stoichiometric compounds are chemical compounds with an chemical element composition that cannot be represented by a ratio of well-defined natural numbers, and therefore violate the law of definite proportions....
 and the ratio of the elements iron and oxygen can vary, samples are typically iron deficient with a compositions ranging from Fe0.84O to Fe0.95O.

can be prepared by heating iron(II) oxalate in vacuo:
FeC2O4 → FeO + CO + CO2
The black powder can be made less reactive by heating.






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Iron(II) oxide, also known as ferrous oxide, iron oxide/oxidized iron or more commonly rusted iron, is one of the iron oxide
Iron oxide

Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen. Altogether, there are sixteen known iron oxides and oxyhydroxides....
s. It is a black-colored powder with the chemical formula . It consists of the chemical element
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
 iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
 in the oxidation state
Oxidation state

In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical Electrical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% Ionic bond....
 of 2 bonded to oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
. Its mineral form is known as wüstite
Wüstite

W?stite is a mineral form of iron oxide found with meteorites and native iron. It has a gray color with a greenish tint in reflected light. W?stite crystallizes in the Cubic crystal system in opaque to translucent metallic grains....
. Iron(II) oxide should not be confused with rust
Rust

Rust is a general term for a series of iron oxides, usually red oxides, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture....
, which usually consists of hydrated iron(III) oxide
Iron(III) oxide

Iron oxide?also known as ferric oxide, Hematite, red iron oxide, synthetic maghemite, colcothar, or simply rust?is one of the several oxide Chemical compounds of iron, and has Paramagnetism properties....
 (ferric oxide). Iron(II) oxide is an example of a non-stoichiometric compound
Non-stoichiometric compound

Non-stoichiometric compounds are chemical compounds with an chemical element composition that cannot be represented by a ratio of well-defined natural numbers, and therefore violate the law of definite proportions....
 and the ratio of the elements iron and oxygen can vary, samples are typically iron deficient with a compositions ranging from Fe0.84O to Fe0.95O.

Preparation

FeO can be prepared by heating iron(II) oxalate in vacuo:
FeC2O4 → FeO + CO + CO2
The black powder can be made less reactive by heating. The heated sample has a more physical change is quenched to prevent disproportionation
Disproportionation

Disproportionation or dismutation is used to describe two particular types of chemical reaction:* A chemical reaction of the type: 2A ? A' + A" where A, A' and A" are different chemical species....
. Stoichiometric FeO can be prepared by heating Fe0.95O with metallic iron at 770°C and 36kbar.

Reactions

FeO is thermodynamically unstable below 575°C, disproportionating to metal and Fe3O4
Iron(II,III) oxide

Iron oxide is the chemical compound with formula Fe3O4. It is one of a number of iron oxides. It is found in nature as the mineral magnetite....
:
4FeO → Fe + Fe3O4


Structure

Iron (II) oxide adopts the cubic, rock salt
Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula SodiumChlorine....
 structure, where iron atoms are octahedrally coordinated by oxygen atoms and the oxygen atoms octahedrally coordinated by iron atoms. The non-stoichiometry occurs because of the ease of oxidation of FeII to FeIII effectively replacing a small portion of FeII with two thirds their number of FeIII, which take up tetrahedral positions in the close packed oxide lattice.

Below 200°K there is a minor change to the structure which changes the symmetry to rhombohedral and samples become antiferromagnetic
Antiferromagnetism

In materials that exhibit antiferromagnetism, the magnetic moments of atoms or molecules, usuallyrelated to the spins of electrons, align in a regular pattern with neighboring spin s pointing in opposite directions....
.

Uses

Iron(II) oxide is used as a pigment
Pigment

A pigment is a material that changes the color of light it Reflection as the result of selective color absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which the material itself emits light....
. It is FDA
Food and Drug Administration

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is an Government agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is responsible for regulating and supervising the safety of foods, dietary supplements, Medications, vaccines, Biopharmaceutical, blood transfusion, medical devices, Electromagnetic radiation-emitting devices, veteri...
-approved for use in cosmetics and it is used in some tattoo
Tattoo

A tattoo is a permanent marking made by inserting ink into the layers of skin to change the pigment for decorative or other reasons. Tattoos on humans are a type of decorative body modification, while tattoos on animals are most commonly used for identification or branding....
 inks.

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