International Standard Book Number
Encyclopedia
Book
A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of hot lava, paper, parchment, or other materials, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf or leaflet, and each side of a leaf is called a page...
identifier
Identifier
An identifier is a name that identifies either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, physical [countable] object , or physical [noncountable] substance...
based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code
Code
A code is a rule for converting a piece of information into another form or representation , not necessarily of the same type....
created by Gordon Foster, Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin
Trinity College, Dublin
Trinity College, Dublin , formally known as the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, was founded in 1592 by letters patent from Queen Elizabeth I as the "mother of a university", Extracts from Letters Patent of Elizabeth I, 1592: "...we...found and...
, for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966.
The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization
International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...
(ISO) and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108. (However, the 9-digit SBN code was used in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
until 1974.) Currently, the ISO's TC 46/SC 9
TC 46/SC 9
ISO TC 46/SC 9 is the ninth subcommittee of ISO technical committee 46, and is responsible for identification and description of information resources.-ISO standards overseen:Note: All names are in the format of International Standard...
is responsible for the ISBN. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978.
Since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland
Bookland
Bookland can refer to:*Bookland, a fictitious location corresponding to a 978 prefix that converts a 10 digit ISBN into EAN-13 barcode .*Bookland , a category of land in Anglo-Saxon law*Various bookshops call themselves "Bookland"...
EAN
European Article Number
An EAN-13 barcode is a 13 digit barcoding standard which is a superset of the original 12-digit Universal Product Code system developed in the United States...
-13s.
Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure; however, this can be rectified later.
A similar numeric identifier, the International Standard Serial Number
International Standard Serial Number
An International Standard Serial Number is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic periodical publication. Periodicals published in both print and electronic form may have two ISSNs, a print ISSN and an electronic ISSN...
(ISSN), identifies periodical publications such as magazine
Magazine
Magazines, periodicals, glossies or serials are publications, generally published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of articles. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid magazine subscriptions, or all three...
s.
R.R. Bowker is the U.S. Agency of the International Standard Book Numbering Convention, as approved by the International Organization for Standardization. As such, it is the originator of ISBNs for U.S.-based publishers. Authors of self-published books can purchase an ISBN for $125.00. Publishers in other countries can only obtain ISBNs from their local ISBN Agency, a directory of which can be found on the International ISBN Agency website.
Overview
An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a book. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned after January 1, 2007, and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007. An International Standard Book Number consists of 4 or 5 parts:- for a 13-digit ISBN, a GS1GS1Founded in 1977, GS1 is an international not-for-profit association dedicated to the development and implementation of global standards and solutions to improve the efficiency and visibility of supply and demand chains globally and across multiple sectors...
prefix: 978 or 979 (indicating the industry; in this case, 978 denotes book publishing) - the group identifier, (language-sharing country group)
- the publisher code,
- the item number (title of the book), and
- a checksumChecksumA checksum or hash sum is a fixed-size datum computed from an arbitrary block of digital data for the purpose of detecting accidental errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. The integrity of the data can be checked at any later time by recomputing the checksum and...
character or check digitCheck digitA check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection, the decimal equivalent of a binary checksum. It consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the message....
.
The ISBN separates its parts (group, publisher, title and check digit) with either a hyphen
Hyphen
The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. The hyphen should not be confused with dashes , which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign which is also longer...
or a space. Other than the check digit, no part of the ISBN will have a fixed number of digits.
Group identifier
The group identifier is a 1 to 5 digit number. The single digit group identifiers are: 0 or 1 for EnglishEnglish language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
-speaking countries; 2 for French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
-speaking countries; 3 for German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
-speaking countries; 4 for Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
; 5 for Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
-speaking countries, 7 for People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. An example 5 digit group identifier is 99936, for Bhutan
Bhutan
Bhutan , officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked state in South Asia, located at the eastern end of the Himalayas and bordered to the south, east and west by the Republic of India and to the north by the People's Republic of China...
. The allocated group IDs are: 0–5, 600–617, 7, 80–94, 950–989, 9927–9989, and 99901–99967. Some catalogs include books that were published with no ISBN but add a non-standard number with an as-yet unallocated 5-digit group such as 99985; this practice is not part of the standard. Books published in rare languages typically have longer group identifiers.
The original standard book number (SBN) had no group identifier, but affixing a zero (0) as prefix to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid 10-digit ISBN. Group identifiers form a prefix code
Prefix code
A prefix code is a type of code system distinguished by its possession of the "prefix property"; which states that there is no valid code word in the system that is a prefix of any other valid code word in the set...
; compare with country calling codes.
Publisher code
The national ISBN agency assigns the publisher number (cf.Cf.
cf., an abbreviation for the Latin word confer , literally meaning "bring together", is used to refer to other material or ideas which may provide similar or different information or arguments. It is mainly used in scholarly contexts, such as in academic or legal texts...
the :category:ISBN agencies); the publisher selects the item number. Generally, a book publisher is not required to assign an ISBN, nor is it necessary for a book to display its number (except in China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
; see below). However, most book stores only handle ISBN-bearing merchandise.
A listing of all the 628,000 assigned publisher codes is published, and can be ordered in book form (€
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
558, US$
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
915.46). The web site of the ISBN agency does not offer any free method of looking up publisher codes. Partial lists have been compiled (from library catalogs) for the English-language groups: identifier 0 and identifier 1.
Publishers receive blocks of ISBNs, with larger blocks allotted to publishers expecting to need them; a small publisher may receive ISBNs of one or more digits for the group identifier code, several digits for the publisher, and a single digit for the individual items. Once that block of ISBNs is used, the publisher may receive another block of ISBNs, with a different publisher number. Consequently, a publisher may have different allotted publisher numbers. There also may be more than one group identifier used in a country. This might occur if a popular identifier has used up all of its numbers. The cited list of identifiers shows this has happened in China and in more than a dozen other countries.
By using variable block lengths, a large publisher will have few digits allocated for the publisher number and many digits allocated for titles; likewise countries publishing much will have few allocated digits for the group identifier, and many for the publishers and titles. Here are some sample ISBN-10 codes, illustrating block length variations.
| ISBN | Country or area | Publisher |
|---|---|---|
| 99921-58-10-7 | Qatar | NCCAH, Doha |
| 9971-5-0210-0 | Singapore | World Scientific |
| 960-425-059-0 | Greece | Sigma Publications |
| 80-902734-1-6 | Czech Republic; Slovakia | Taita Publishers |
| 85-359-0277-5 | Brazil | Companhia das Letras |
| 1-84356-028-3 | English-speaking area | Simon Wallenberg Press |
| 0-684-84328-5 | English-speaking area | Scribner |
| 0-8044-2957-X | English-speaking area | Frederick Ungar |
| 0-85131-041-9 | English-speaking area | J. A. Allen & Co. |
| 0-943396-04-2 | English-speaking area | Willmann–Bell |
| 0-9752298-0-X | English-speaking area | KT Publishing |
Pattern
English-language publisher codes follow a systematic pattern, which allows their length to be easily determined, as follows:| Item number length | 0- group identifier | 1- group identifier | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| From | To | Publishers | From | To | Publishers | ||
| 6 digits | 0-00-xxxxxx-x | 0-19-xxxxxx-x | 20 | 1-00-xxxxxx-x | 1-09-xxxxxx-x | 10 | 30 |
| 5 digits | 0-200-xxxxx-x | 0-699-xxxxx-x | 500 | 1-100-xxxxx-x | 1-399-xxxxx-x | 300 | 800 |
| 4 digits | 0-7000-xxxx-x | 0-8499-xxxx-x | 1,500 | 1-4000-xxxx-x | 1-5499-xxxx-x | 1,500 | 3,000 |
| 3 digits | 0-85000-xxx-x | 0-89999-xxx-x | 5,000 | 1-55000-xxx-x | 1-86979-xxx-x | 31,980 | 36,980 |
| 2 digits | 0-900000-xx-x | 0-949999-xx-x | 50,000 | 1-869800-xx-x | 1-998999-xx-x | 129,200 | 179,200 |
| 1 digit | 0-9500000-x-x | 0-9999999-x-x | 500,000 | 1-9990000-x-x | 1-9999999-x-x | 10,000 | 510,000 |
| Total | 557,020 | Total | 172,990 | 730,010 | |||
Check digits
A check digitCheck digit
A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection, the decimal equivalent of a binary checksum. It consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the message....
is a form of redundancy check used for error detection, the decimal equivalent of a binary checksum
Checksum
A checksum or hash sum is a fixed-size datum computed from an arbitrary block of digital data for the purpose of detecting accidental errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. The integrity of the data can be checked at any later time by recomputing the checksum and...
. It consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the message.
ISBN-10
The 2001 edition of the official manual of the International ISBN Agency says that the ISBN-10 check digitCheck digit
A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection, the decimal equivalent of a binary checksum. It consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the message....
— which is the last digit of the ten-digit ISBN — must range from 0 to 10 (the symbol X is used instead of 10) and must be such that the sum of all the ten digits, each multiplied by the integer weight, descending from 10 to 1, is a multiple of the number 11. Modular arithmetic
Modular arithmetic
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" after they reach a certain value—the modulus....
is convenient for calculating the check digit using modulus 11. Each of the first nine digits of the ten-digit ISBN — excluding the check digit, itself — is multiplied by a number in a sequence from 10 to 2, and the remainder of the sum, with respect to 11, is computed. The resulting remainder, plus the check digit, must equal 11; therefore, the check digit is 11 minus the remainder of the sum of the products.
For example, the check digit for an ISBN-10 of 0-306-40615-? is calculated as follows:
Thus the remainder is 9, the check digit is 2, and the complete sequence is
Formally, the check digit calculation is:
The value
required to satisfy this condition might be 10; if so, an 'X' should be used.The two most common errors in handling an ISBN (e.g., typing or writing it) are an altered digit or the transposition of adjacent digits.
The ISBN check digit method ensures that these two errors will always be detected. However, if the error occurs in the publishing house and goes undetected, the book will be issued with an invalid ISBN.
Alternative calculation
The simplest way to verify an ISBN number is to compute a running sum of a running sum:// C++
bool is_isbn_valid(char digits[10]) {
int i, a = 0, b = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
a += digits[i]; // Assumed already converted from ASCII to 0..9
b += a;
}
return b % 11
0;
}
// PHP
function is_isbn_valid($n){
$check = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 9; $i++) $check += (10 - $i) * substr($n, $i, 1);
$t = substr($n, 9, 1); // tenth digit (aka checksum or check digit)
$check += ($t 'x' || $t
'X') ? 10 : $t;
return $check % 11
0;}
-- Haskell
isISBNValid = (
0) . (`mod` 11) . sum . map fromISBNChar
where fromISBNChar n = if elem n "xX" then 10 else read n
- Ruby
def is_valid_isbn?(isbn10)
sum = 0
10.times { |i| sum+=(10-i)*isbn10[i].to_i }
0 sum.modulo(11)
end
def isbn_checksum(isbn9)
sum = 0
9.times { |i| sum+=(10-i)*isbn9[i].to_i }
checksum
11-sum.modulo(11)
return checksum
10 ? 'X' : checksumend
- Python
def is_valid_isbn(isbn):
total = sum([int(num)*weight for num, weight in
zip(isbn, reversed(range(1, 11)))])
return total%110
The ISBN-10 check-digit can also be calculated in a slightly easier way:
This is simply replacing 11 with 0, and each subtraction with its complement:
etc.For example, the check digit for an ISBN-10 of 0-306-40615-? is calculated as follows:
ISBN-13
The 2005 edition of the International ISBN Agency's official manual covering some ISBNs issued from January 2007, describes how the 13-digit ISBN check digitCheck digit
A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection, the decimal equivalent of a binary checksum. It consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the message....
is calculated.
The calculation of an ISBN-13 check digit begins with the first 12 digits of the thirteen-digit ISBN (thus excluding the check digit itself). Each digit, from left to right, is alternately multiplied by 1 or 3, then those products are summed modulo
Modular arithmetic
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" after they reach a certain value—the modulus....
10 to give a value ranging from 0 to 9. Subtracted from 10, that leaves a result from 1 to 10. A zero (0) replaces a ten (10), so, in all cases, a single check digit results.
For example, the ISBN-13 check digit of 978-0-306-40615-? is calculated as follows:
s = 9×1 + 7×3 + 8×1 + 0×3 + 3×1 + 0×3 + 6×1 + 4×3 + 0×1 + 6×3 + 1×1 + 5×3
= 9 + 21 + 8 + 0 + 3 + 0 + 6 + 12 + 0 + 18 + 1 + 15
= 93
93 / 10 = 9 remainder 3
10 – 3 = 7
Thus, the check digit is 7, and the complete sequence is
Formally, the ISBN-13 check digit calculation is:
This check system — similar to the UPC
Universal Product Code
The Universal Product Code is a barcode symbology , that is widely used in North America, and in countries including the UK, Australia, and New Zealand for tracking trade items in stores. Its most common form, the UPC-A, consists of 12 numerical digits, which are uniquely assigned to each trade item...
check digit formula — does not catch all errors of adjacent digit transposition. Specifically, if the difference between two adjacent digits is 5, the check digit will not catch their transposition. For instance, the above example allows this situation with the 6 followed by a 1. The correct order contributes 3×6+1×1 = 19 to the sum; while, if the digits are transposed (1 followed by a 6), the contribution of those two digits will be 3×1+1×6 = 9. However, 19 and 9 are congruent modulo 10, and so produce the same, final result: both ISBNs will have a check digit of 7. The ISBN-10 formula uses the prime
Prime number
A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number. For example 5 is prime, as only 1 and 5 divide it, whereas 6 is composite, since it has the divisors 2...
modulus 11 which avoids this blind spot, but requires more than the digits 0-9 to express the check digit.
Additionally, If you triple the sum of the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th digits and then add them to the remaining digits (1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th), the total will always be divisible by 10 (i.e., end in 0).
//PHP
function is_isbn_13_valid($n){
$check = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 13; $i+=2) $check += substr($n, $i, 1);
for ($i = 1; $i < 12; $i+=2) $check += 3 * substr($n, $i, 1);
return $check % 10 0;
}
- Ruby
def is_valid_isbn13?(isbn13)
sum = 0
13.times { |i| sum += i.modulo(2)
0 ? isbn13[i].to_i : isbn13[i].to_i*3 }
0
sum.modulo(10)end
def isbn13_checksum(isbn12)
sum = 0
12.times { |i| sum += i.modulo(2)
0 ? isbn12[i].to_i : isbn12[i].to_i*3 }
10 - sum.modulo(10)
end
- Python
def is_valid_isbn13(isbn13):
total = sum([int(num)*weight for num, weight in zip(isbn13, (1,3)*6)])
ck = 10-(total%10)
return ck int(isbn13[-1])
Errors in usage
Publishers and librariesLibrary
In a traditional sense, a library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is housed. Today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resources, and services...
have varied policies about the use of the ISBN check digit. Publishers sometimes fail to check the correspondence of a book title and its ISBN before publishing it; that failure causes book identification problems for libraries, booksellers, and readers.
Most libraries and booksellers display the book record for an invalid ISBN issued by the publisher. The Library of Congress
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and...
catalogue contains books published with invalid ISBNs, which it usually tags with the phrase "Cancelled ISBN". However, book-ordering systems such as Amazon.com
Amazon.com
Amazon.com, Inc. is a multinational electronic commerce company headquartered in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is the world's largest online retailer. Amazon has separate websites for the following countries: United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, and...
will not search for a book if an invalid ISBN is entered to its search engine.
EAN format used in barcodes, and upgrading
Currently the barcodeBarcode
A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of data, which shows data about the object to which it attaches. Originally barcodes represented data by varying the widths and spacings of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or 1 dimensional . Later they evolved into rectangles,...
s on a book's back cover (or inside a mass-market paperback
Paperback
Paperback, softback or softcover describe and refer to a book by the nature of its binding. The covers of such books are usually made of paper or paperboard, and are usually held together with glue rather than stitches or staples...
book's front cover) are EAN-13
European Article Number
An EAN-13 barcode is a 13 digit barcoding standard which is a superset of the original 12-digit Universal Product Code system developed in the United States...
; they may have a separate barcode encoding five digits for the currency
Currency
In economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
and the recommended retail price. The number "978", the Bookland
Bookland
Bookland can refer to:*Bookland, a fictitious location corresponding to a 978 prefix that converts a 10 digit ISBN into EAN-13 barcode .*Bookland , a category of land in Anglo-Saxon law*Various bookshops call themselves "Bookland"...
"country code", is prefixed to the ISBN in the barcode data, and the check digit is recalculated according to the EAN13 formula (modulo 10, 1x and 3x weighting on alternate digits).
Partly because of an expected shortage in certain ISBN categories, the International Organization for Standardization
International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...
(ISO) decided to migrate to a thirteen-digit ISBN (ISBN-13). The process began January 1, 2005 and was planned to conclude January 1, 2007. As of 2011, all the 13-digit ISBNs begin with 978. As the 978 ISBN supply is exhausted, the 979 prefix will be introduced. This is expected to occur more rapidly outside the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. Originally, 979 was the Musicland
Bookland
Bookland can refer to:*Bookland, a fictitious location corresponding to a 978 prefix that converts a 10 digit ISBN into EAN-13 barcode .*Bookland , a category of land in Anglo-Saxon law*Various bookshops call themselves "Bookland"...
code for musical scores with an ISMN. However, ISMN codes will differ visually as they begin with an "M" letter; the bar code represents the "M" as a zero (0), and for checksum purposes it will count as a 3.
Publisher identification code numbers are unlikely to be the same in the 978 and 979 ISBNs, likewise, there is no guarantee that language area code numbers will be the same. Moreover, the ten-digit ISBN check digit generally is not the same as the thirteen-digit ISBN check digit. Because the EAN/UCC-13 is part of the Global Trade Item Number
Global Trade Item Number
Global Trade Item Number is an identifier for trade items developed by GS1...
(GTIN) system (that includes the EAN/UCC-14, the UPC-12, and the EAN-8), it is expected that ISBN-generating software should accommodate fourteen-digit ISBNs.
Barcode format compatibility is maintained, because (aside from the group breaks) the ISBN-13 barcode format is identical to the EAN barcode format of existing ISBN-10s. So, migration to an EAN-based system allows booksellers the use of a single numbering system for both books and non-book products that is compatible with existing ISBN-based data, with only minimal changes to information technology
Information technology
Information technology is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications...
systems. Hence, many booksellers (e.g., Barnes & Noble
Barnes & Noble
Barnes & Noble, Inc. is the largest book retailer in the United States, operating mainly through its Barnes & Noble Booksellers chain of bookstores headquartered at 122 Fifth Avenue in the Flatiron District in Manhattan in New York City. Barnes & Noble also operated the chain of small B. Dalton...
) migrated to EAN barcodes as early as March 2005. Although many American and Canadian booksellers were able to read EAN-13 barcodes before 2005, most general retailers could not read them. The upgrading of the UPC
Universal Product Code
The Universal Product Code is a barcode symbology , that is widely used in North America, and in countries including the UK, Australia, and New Zealand for tracking trade items in stores. Its most common form, the UPC-A, consists of 12 numerical digits, which are uniquely assigned to each trade item...
barcode system
Barcode system
A barcode system is a network of hardware and software, consisting primarily of mobile computers, printers, handheld scanners, infrastructure, and supporting software. Barcode systems are used to automate data collection where hand recording is neither timely or cost effective...
to full EAN-13, in 2005, eased migration to the ISBN-13 in North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
. Moreover, by January 2007, most large book publishers added ISBN-13 barcodes alongside the ten-digit ISBN barcodes of books published before January 2007.
See also
- ESTCEnglish Short Title CatalogueThe English Short Title Catalogue or ESTC is a short title catalogue of works published between 1473 and 1800, mainly in Britain and North America, and primarily in English, from the collections of the British Library and other libraries....
(English Short Title Catalogue) - ETTNETTNThe Electronic Textbook Track Number is a unique numeric identifier of electronic books, journals, conference proceedings etc. ETTN is based upon 13-digit code created by European Magnanimitas Assn....
(Electronic Textbook Track Number) - ISSNInternational Standard Serial NumberAn International Standard Serial Number is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic periodical publication. Periodicals published in both print and electronic form may have two ISSNs, a print ISSN and an electronic ISSN...
(International Standard Serial Number) - VD 16VD 16The Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachbereich erschienenen Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts , abbreviated VD 16, is a project to make a retrospective German national bibliography for the sixteenth century. The project was compiled during the period 1969-1999...
(Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachbereich erschienenen Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts) - VD 17VD 17The Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachraum erschienenen Drucke des 17. Jahrhunderts , abbreviated VD17, is a project to make a retrospective German national bibliography for the 17th century. The project was initiated in 1996 and planned to continue for 10-12 years...
(Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachraum erschienenen Drucke des 17. Jahrhunderts) - LCCNLibrary of Congress Control NumberThe Library of Congress Control Number or LCCN is a serially based system of numbering cataloging records in the Library of Congress in the United States...
(Library of Congress Control Number) - OCLC number (Online Computer Library Center number http://xisbn.worldcat.org/xisbnadmin/xoclcnum/index.htm)
- CODENCODENCODEN – according to ASTM standard E250 – is a six character, alphanumeric bibliographic code, that provides concise, unique and unambiguous identification of the titles of serials and non-serial publications from all subject areas....
(serial publication identifier currently used by libraries; replaced by the ISSN for new works) - SICISerial Item and Contribution IdentifierThe Serial Item and Contribution Identifier is a code used to uniquely identify specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a periodical...
(Serial Item and Contribution Identifier) - ASINAmazon Standard Identification NumberThe Amazon Standard Identification Number is a unique identification number assigned by Amazon.com and its partners for product identification within the Amazon.com organization. Amazon.ca, Amazon.co.uk, Amazon.de, Amazon.fr, Amazon.it, Amazon.co.jp, Amazon.cn, and Amazon.es also use ASINs.ASINs...
(Amazon Standard Identification Number) - DOIDigital object identifierA digital object identifier is a character string used to uniquely identify an object such as an electronic document. Metadata about the object is stored in association with the DOI name and this metadata may include a location, such as a URL, where the object can be found...
(Digital Object Identifier) - ISANInternational Standard Audiovisual NumberInternational Standard Audiovisual Number is a unique identifier for audiovisual works and related versions, similar to ISBN for books. It was developed within an ISO TC46/SC9 working group...
(International Standard Audiovisual Number) - ISMNInternational Standard Music NumberThe International Standard Music Number or ISMN is a thirteen-character alphanumeric identifier for printed music developed by ISO...
(International Standard Music Number) - ISRCInternational Standard Recording CodeThe International Standard Recording Code , defined by ISO 3901, is an international standard code for uniquely identifying sound recordings and music video recordings. IFPI has been appointed by ISO as registration authority for this standard. The ISO technical committee 46, subcommittee 9 is...
(International Standard Recording Code) - ISWCInternational Standard Musical Work CodeInternational Standard Musical Work Code is a unique identifier for musical works, similar to ISBN. It is adopted as international standard ISO 15707...
(International Standard Musical Work Code) - ISWNISWNThe International Standard Wine Number or ISWN, similar to the ISBN for books, is a coding scheme intended to give a unique identifier for each wine worldwide. The ISWN system has a consistent unique code for each wine producer , each wine brand or product , each vintage variant of a wine product ,...
(International Standard Wine Number) - List of group-0 ISBN publisher codes
- List of group-1 ISBN publisher codes
- Registration authorityRegistration authorityA registration authority or maintenance agency is a body given the responsibility of maintaining lists of codes under international standards and issuing new codes to those wishing to register them...
- Special:Booksources, Wikipedia's ISBN search page
External links
- ISO 2108:2005 at www.iso.org
- ISBN to EANEuropean Article NumberAn EAN-13 barcode is a 13 digit barcoding standard which is a superset of the original 12-digit Universal Product Code system developed in the United States...
EASEASEAS may stand for:* EAS , sports nutrition company* EAS, IATA airport code for the San Sebastián Airport* Early Admissions Scheme , university entrance program in Hong Kong that allows students to bypass the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination* Early American Studies, an academic journal published...
EBSEBS-Education:* Educational Broadcasting System is a Korea educational broadcasting-company* Edinburgh Business School, is the Graduate School of Business of Heriot-Watt University...
transition at isbn.org - Description of the ISBN to EAN upgrade process at bookweb.org
- Description of the ISBN to Farsi Language at ZarSara.Com
- International ISBN Agency—coordinates and supervises the worldwide use of the ISBN system.
- Numerical List of Group Identifiers List of language/region prefixes
- Free conversion tool: ISBN-10 to ISBN-13 & ISBN-13 to ISBN-10 from the ISBN agency. Also shows correct hyphenation & verifies if ISBNs are valid or not.
- RFC 3187 Using International Standard Book Numbers as Uniform Resource NameUniform Resource NameA uniform resource name is a uniform resource identifier that uses the urn scheme and does not imply availability of the identified resource. Both URNs and URLs are URIs, and a particular URI may be a name and a locator at the same time.The functional requirements for uniform resource names are...
s (URN) for the 13-digit ISBN code. - Description of the ISBN in Persian: شابک (کتاب) در فارسی at zarsara.comZarsara.comZarsara.com, Inc. is a IR-based multinational electronic commerce company. Headquartered in Tehran, Tehran, it is often called the Iranian's largest online retailer. Zarsara has websites and delivery for the following countries: Iran, and India may follow. It also Uses local shipping to certain...