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Intercontinental Cup (football)
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The European/South American Cup, commonly referred to as the Intercontinental Cup or Toyota Cup, was a football competition endorsed by UEFA and CONMEBOL, contested between the winners of the European Cup and the South American Copa Libertadores. From its formation in 1960 to 1979, the competition was contested over a two legged tie; from 1980 until 2004 the competition was contested over a single match held in Japan.
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Encyclopedia
The European/South American Cup, commonly referred to as the Intercontinental Cup or Toyota Cup, was a football competition endorsed by UEFA and CONMEBOL, contested between the winners of the European Cup and the South American Copa Libertadores. From its formation in 1960 to 1979, the competition was contested over a two legged tie; from 1980 until 2004 the competition was contested over a single match held in Japan. The last winner of the cup was Portuguese side Porto, defeating Colombian side Once Caldas in a penalty shootout in 2004.
From 2005 the Intercontinental Cup was replaced by the FIFA Club World Cup, which also includes North American, Asian, African and Oceanian winners.
History
The first team to claim a World Championship were clubs, Hibernian F.C., who as Scottish Cup winners challenged FA Cup winners Preston North End on August 13, 1887. The next season's winners, Renton F.C. challenged FA Cup holders West Bromwich Albion the following year, although the match was played without authorization from their respective associations. With the subsequent creation of the English and Scottish Football Leagues, the concept of a club as World Champion took on less importance as the clubs focused on winning their national leagues and the game spread further abroad.
The World Club Championship forerunner to today's cup was created by Henri Delaunay as a way of determining who is the top club in the world (Europe and South America being the football world's top continents).
Europe already had its European Champions Club Cup, but South America did not have a similar competition. Thus, South American Confederación (CONMEBOL's predecessor) created a similar competition, and named it after the heroes of South American independence. The Copa Libertadores made the World Club Championship viable.
The first match-up was in 1960, between Spanish side Real Madrid and the Uruguayan club Peñarol.
Ever since the 1950s (and especially since the 1970s) many talented South Americans have crossed the Atlantic to play for European teams, who also tend to be richer. Perhaps as a consequence, South American fans always attached more importance to the Intercontinental Cup than their European counterparts.
An especially traumatic event was the 1969 series between Estudiantes and Milan, which resulted in extremely harsh suspensions for many Estudiantes players.
Out of concern for the integrity of players, and also because of the lack of financial incentive, several European champions declined to participate; in all cases, their runners-up took their place. The 1975 and 1978 editions were not played at all.
The very viability of the competition came under fire until Toyota assumed the role of sponsor for the 1980 edition; for the remainder of the competition's history, no club declined playing the Intercontinental Cup, and the competition always took the form of a single match held on neutral ground, in Toyota's home country Japan.
This cup was played for the last time in 2004, being replaced by the FIFA Club World Cup from 2005. However, as of December 2005 there are talks of restoring it soon but this time featuring the winners of the Recopa Sudamericana against the European Supercup champions.
Cup format
From 1960 to 1979, the World Club Championship was played in two legs. Between 1960 and 1968, the cup was decided on points only, the same format used by CONMEBOL to determine the winner of the Copa Libertadores final through 1987. Because of this format, a third match was needed when both teams were tied on points. From 1969 through 1979, the competition adopted the European standard method of aggregate score, with away goals.
Starting in 1980, the final became a single match. Up until 2000, the matches were held at Tokyo's National Stadium. Finals since 2002 were held at the Yokohama International Stadium, venue of the 2002 FIFA World Cup final.
Intercontinental Cup finals
Single match finals
- For finals including both Intercontinental Cup and FIFA Club World Cup, see Intercontinental Cup and FIFA Club World Cup statistics.
| Year | Winner | Score | Runner-up | Venue |
|---|
2004
Details | Porto
(POR) | 0–0
aet | Once Caldas
(COL) | International Stadium,
Yokohama | | 8–7 in penalty shootout | 2003
Details | Boca Juniors
(ARG) | 1–1
aet | Milan
(ITA) | International Stadium,
Yokohama | | 3–1 in penalty shootout | 2002
Details | Real Madrid
(ESP) | 2–0 | Olimpia Asunción
(PAR) | International Stadium,
Yokohama | 2001
Details | Bayern Munich
(GER) | 1–0
aet | Boca Juniors
(ARG) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | 2000
Details | Boca Juniors
(ARG) | 2–1 | Real Madrid
(ESP) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | 1999
Details | Manchester United
(ENG) | 1–0 | Palmeiras
(BRA) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | 1998
Details | Real Madrid
(ESP) | 2–1 | Vasco da Gama
(BRA) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1997 | Borussia Dortmund
(GER) | 2–0 | Cruzeiro
(BRA) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1996 | Juventus
(ITA) | 1–0 | River Plate
(ARG) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1995 | Ajax
(NED) | 0–0
aet | Grêmio
(BRA) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 4–3 in penalty shootout | | 1994 | Vélez Sarsfield
(ARG) | 2–0 | Milan
(ITA) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1993 | São Paulo
(BRA) | 3–2 | Milan
(ITA) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | European champions Marseille (FRA) were suspended
due to a match fixing and bribery scandal | | 1992 | São Paulo
(BRA) | 2–1 | Barcelona
(ESP) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1991 | Red Star Belgrade
(YUG) | 3–0 | Colo-Colo
(CHI) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | 1990
Details | Milan
(ITA) | 3–0 | Olimpia Asunción
(PAR) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | 1989
Details | Milan
(ITA) | 1–0
aet | Atlético Nacional
(COL) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1988 | Nacional
(URU) | 2–2
aet | PSV Eindhoven
(NED) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 7–6 in penalty shootout | | 1987 | Porto
(POR) | 2–1
aet | Peñarol
(URU) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1986 | River Plate
(ARG) | 1–0 | Steaua Bucharest
(ROM) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1985 | Juventus
(ITA) | 2–2
aet | Argentinos Juniors
(ARG) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 4–2 in penalty shootout | | 1984 | Independiente
(ARG) | 1–0 | Liverpool
(ENG) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1983 | Grêmio
(BRA) | 2–1
aet | Hamburger SV
(FRG) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1982 | Peñarol
(URU) | 2–0 | Aston Villa
(ENG) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | 1981
Details | Flamengo
(BRA) | 3–0 | Liverpool
(ENG) | National Stadium,
Tokyo | | 1980 | Nacional
(URU) | 1–0 | Nottingham Forest
(ENG) | National Stadium,
Tokyo |
Two-legged finals
| Year | Home Team | Score | Away Team | Venue |
|---|
1979
Details | Malmö FF
(SWE) | 0 - 1 | Olimpia Asunción
(PAR) | Malmö Stadion,
Malmö | Olimpia Asunción
(PAR) | 2 - 1 | Malmö FF
(SWE) | Defensores del Chaco,
Asunción | Olimpia Asunción won 3-1 on aggregate
Note: European champions Nottingham Forest (ENG) declined to play | | | 1978 | NOT HELD
Liverpool Boca Juniors
vs
(ENG) (ARG) | | Liverpool declined to play due to scheduling conflicts | | 1977 | Boca Juniors
(ARG) | 2 - 2 | Borussia M'gladbach
(FRG) | La Bombonera,
Buenos Aires | Borussia M'gladbach
(FRG) | 0 - 3 | Boca Juniors
(ARG) | Wildpark,
Karlsruhe | Boca Juniors won 5-2 on aggregate
Note: European champions Liverpool (ENG) declined to play | | | 1976 | Bayern Munich
(FRG) | 2 - 0 | Cruzeiro
(BRA) | Olympiastadion,
Munich | Cruzeiro
(BRA) | 0 - 0 | Bayern Munich
(FRG) | Mineirão,
Belo Horizonte | | Bayern Munich won 2-0 on aggregate | | | 1975 | NOT HELD
Bayern Munich Independiente
vs
(FRG) (ARG) | | Both teams could not agree on dates to play | | 1974 | Independiente
(ARG) | 1 - 0 | Atlético Madrid
(ESP) | Estadio Almirante Cordero,
Avellaneda | Atlético Madrid
(ESP) | 2 - 0 | Independiente
(ARG) | Vicente Calderón,
Madrid | Atlético Madrid won 2-1 on aggregate
Note: European champions Bayern Munich (FRG) declined to play | | | 1973 | Juventus
(ITA) | 0 - 1 | Independiente
(ARG) | Stadio Olimpico,
Rome | Single match played
Note: European champions Ajax (NED) declined to play | | 1972 | Independiente
(ARG) | 1 - 1 | Ajax
(NED) | Estadio Almirante Cordero,
Avellaneda | Ajax
(NED) | 3 - 0 | Independiente
(ARG) | Olympic Stadium,
Amsterdam | | Ajax won 4-1 on aggregate | | 1971
Details | Panathinaikos
(GRE) | 1 - 1 | Nacional
(URU) | Karaiskaki,
Athens | Nacional
(URU) | 2 - 1 | Panathinaikos
(GRE) | Estadio Centenario,
Montevideo | Nacional won 3-2 on aggregate
Note: European champions Ajax (NED) declined to play | | | 1970 | Estudiantes La Plata
(ARG) | 2 - 2 | Feyenoord
(NED) | La Bombonera,
Buenos Aires | Feyenoord
(NED) | 1 - 0 | Estudiantes La Plata
(ARG) | De Kuip,
Rotterdam | | Feyenoord won 3-2 on aggregate | | | 1969 | Milan
(ITA) | 3 - 0 | Estudiantes La Plata
(ARG) | San Siro,
Milan | Estudiantes La Plata
(ARG) | 2 - 1 | Milan
(ITA) | La Bombonera,
Buenos Aires | | AC Milan won 4-2 on aggregate | | 1968
Details | Estudiantes La Plata
(ARG) | 1 - 0 | Manchester United
(ENG) | La Bombonera,
Buenos Aires | Manchester United
(ENG) | 1 - 1 | Estudiantes La Plata
(ARG) | Old Trafford,
Manchester | | Estudiantes La Plata won with 3 points | | | 1967 | Celtic
(SCO) | 1 - 0 | Racing Club
(ARG) | Hampden Park,
Glasgow | Racing Club
(ARG) | 2 - 1 | Celtic
(SCO) | El Cilindro,
Avellaneda | Racing Club
(ARG) | 1 - 0 | Celtic
(SCO) | Estadio Centenario,
Montevideo | Both teams tied with 2 points each
Racing Club won the decisive playoff match | | | 1966 | Peñarol
(URU) | 2 - 0 | Real Madrid
(ESP) | Estadio Centenario,
Montevideo | Real Madrid
(ESP) | 0 - 2 | Peñarol
(URU) | Santiago Bernabéu,
Madrid | | Peñarol won with 4 points | | | 1965 | Internazionale
(ITA) | 3 - 0 | Independiente
(ARG) | Giuseppe Meazza,
Milan | Independiente
(ARG) | 0 - 0 | Internazionale
(ITA) | Estadio Almirante Cordero,
Avellaneda | | Internazionale won with 3 points | | | 1964 | Independiente
(ARG) | 1 - 0 | Internazionale
(ITA) | Estadio Almirante Cordero,
Avellaneda | Internazionale
(ITA) | 2 - 0 | Independiente
(ARG) | Giuseppe Meazza,
Milan | Internazionale
(ITA) | 1 - 0
aet | Independiente
(ARG) | Santiago Bernabéu,
Madrid | Both teams tied with 2 points each
Internazionale won the decisive playoff match | | | 1963 | Milan
(ITA) | 4 - 2 | Santos
(BRA) | San Siro,
Milan | Santos
(BRA) | 4 - 2 | Milan
(ITA) | Maracanã,
Rio de Janeiro | Santos
(BRA) | 1 - 0 | Milan
(ITA) | Maracanã,
Rio de Janeiro | Both teams tied with 2 points each
Santos won the decisive playoff match | | | 1962 | Santos
(BRA) | 3 - 2 | Benfica
(POR) | Maracanã,
Rio de Janeiro | Benfica
(POR) | 2 - 5 | Santos
(BRA) | Estádio da Luz,
Lisbon | | Santos won with 4 points | | | 1961 | Benfica
(POR) | 1 - 0 | Peñarol
(URU) | Estádio da Luz,
Lisbon | Peñarol
(URU) | 5 - 0 | Benfica
(POR) | Estadio Centenario,
Montevideo | Peñarol
(URU) | 2 - 1 | Benfica
(POR) | Estadio Centenario,
Montevideo | Both teams tied with 2 points each
Peñarol won the decisive playoff match | | | 1960 | Peñarol
(URU) | 0 - 0 | Real Madrid
(ESP) | Estadio Centenario,
Montevideo | Real Madrid
(ESP) | 5 - 1 | Peñarol
(URU) | Santiago Bernabéu,
Madrid | | Real Madrid won with 3 points | |
aet - after extra time
Statistics
- For statistics including both European/South American Cup and FIFA Club World Cup, see Intercontinental Cup and FIFA Club World Cup statistics.
By team
| Team | Cups | Years |
|---|
| Milan | 3 | (1969, 1989, 1990) | | Boca Juniors | 3 | (1977, 2000, 2003) | | Nacional | 3 | (1971, 1980, 1988) | | Peñarol | 3 | (1961, 1966, 1982) | | 3 | (1960, 1998, 2002) | | São Paulo | 2 | (1992, 1993) | | 2 | (1987, 2004) | | Santos | 2 | (1962, 1963) | | Internazionale | 2 | (1964, 1965) | | Independiente | 2 | (1973, 1984) | | 2 | (1972, 1995) | | Juventus | 2 | (1985, 1996) | | Bayern Munich | 2 | (1976, 2001) | | Manchester United | 1 | (1999) | | 1 | (1968) | | Feyenoord | 1 | (1970) | | Racing Club | 1 | (1967) | | 1 | (1974) | | Olimpia | 1 | (1979) | | Flamengo | 1 | (1981) | | Grêmio | 1 | (1983) | | River Plate | 1 | (1986) | | 1 | (1991) | | Vélez Sársfield | 1 | (1994) | | Borussia Dortmund | 1 | (1997) | |
By country
| Country | Teams | Cups | Years |
|---|
| Argentina | 6 | 9 | (1967, 1968, 1973, 1977, 1984, 1986, 1994, 2000, 2003) | | Italy | 3 | 7 | (1964, 1965, 1969, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1996) | | Brazil | 4 | 6 | (1962, 1963, 1981, 1983, 1992, 1993) | Uruguay | 2 | 6 | (1961, 1966, 1971, 1980, 1982, 1988) | | Spain | 2 | 4 | (1960, 1974, 1998, 2002) | | 2 | 3 | (1976, 1997, 2001) | | Netherlands | 2 | 3 | (1970, 1972, 1995) | | 1 | 2 | (1987, 2004) | | England | 1 | 1 | (1999) | | 1 | 1 | (1979) | | Yugoslavia | 1 | 1 | (1991) | | Romania | 1 | 0 | | | Scotland | 1 | 0 | |
By continent
Coaches
Carlos Bianchi won three editions as coach: one with Vélez Sársfield in 1994, and 2 with Boca Juniors in 2000 and 2003.
Luis Cubilla and Juan Mugica, 2 Uruguayans won cups both as a player and coaching:
Players
- Alessandro Costacurta and Paolo Maldini participated 5 times of the competition, always with Milan (1989, 1990, 1993, 1994, 2003).
- Estudiantes (1968, 1969 and 1970) and Independiente (1972, 1973 and 1974) participated 3 consecutive years. Of these teams a few players played the three years, including Carlos Salvador Bilardo and Juan Ramón Verón.
Man of the Match
Since 1980
| Year | Player | Club |
|---|
| 2004 | Maniche | Porto | | 2003 | Matías Donnet | Boca Juniors | | 2002 | | | | 2001 | Samuel Kuffour | Bayern Munich | | 2000 | Martín Palermo | Boca Juniors | | 1999 | Ryan Giggs | Manchester United | | 1998 | Raúl | | | 1997 | Andreas Möller | Borussia Dortmund | | 1996 | Alessandro Del Piero | Juventus | | 1995 | Danny Blind | | | 1994 | Omar Asad | Vélez Sársfield | | 1993 | Cerezo | São Paulo | | 1992 | Raí | São Paulo | | 1991 | Vladimir Jugovic | | | 1990 | Frank Rijkaard | Milan | | 1989 | Alberigo Evani | Milan | | 1988 | Santiago Ostolaza | Nacional | | 1987 | Rabah Madjer | Porto | | 1986 | Antonio Alzamendi | River Plate | | 1985 | Michel Platini | Juventus | | 1984 | José Percudani | Independiente | | 1983 | Renato Gaúcho | Grêmio | | 1982 | Jair | Peñarol | | 1981 | Zico | Flamengo | | 1980 | Waldemar Victorino | Nacional |
See also
External links
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