Inner Harbor
Encyclopedia
The Inner Harbor is a historic seaport, tourist attraction
Tourist attraction
A tourist attraction is a place of interest where tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, or amusement opportunities....

, and iconic landmark
Landmark
This is a list of landmarks around the world.Landmarks may be split into two categories - natural phenomena and man-made features, like buildings, bridges, statues, public squares and so forth...

 of the City of Baltimore, Maryland
Maryland
Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...

, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. Described by the Urban Land Institute
Urban Land Institute
The Urban Land Institute, or ULI, is a non-profit research and education organization with offices in Washington, D.C., Hong Kong, and London...

 in 2009 as “the model for post-industrial waterfront redevelopment around the World.” The Inner Harbor is actually the end of the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River
Patapsco River
The Patapsco River is a river in central Maryland which flows into Chesapeake Bay. The river's tidal portion forms the harbor for the city of Baltimore...

 and includes any water west of a line drawn between the foot of President Street and the American Visionary Art Museum
American Visionary Art Museum
The American Visionary Art Museum is an art museum located in the Federal Hill neighborhood at 800 Key Highway in Baltimore, Maryland and that specializes in the preservation and display of visionary art...

. The name "Inner Harbor" is used not just for the water but for the surrounding area of the city, with approximate street boundaries of President Street to the east, Lombard Street
Lombard Street (Baltimore)
Lombard Street is a major street in Baltimore. It forms a one-way pair of streets with Pratt Street that run west-east through downtown Baltimore. For most of their route, Pratt Street is one-way in an eastbound direction, and Lombard Street is one way westbound. Both streets begin in west...

 to the north, Greene Street to the west, and Key Highway on the south. The harbor is within walking distance of Camden Yards
Oriole Park at Camden Yards
Oriole Park at Camden Yards is a Major League Baseball ballpark located in Baltimore, Maryland. Home field of the Baltimore Orioles, it is the first of the "retro" major league ballparks constructed during the 1990s and early 2000s, and remains one of the most highly praised. The park was...

 and M&T Bank Stadium
M&T Bank Stadium
M&T Bank Stadium is a multi-purpose football stadium located in Baltimore, Maryland. It is the home of the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. The stadium is immediately adjacent to Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the home of the Baltimore Orioles. Served by the Hamburg Street station of...

 and has a water taxi
Water taxi
A water taxi or water bus, also known as a commuter boat, is a watercraft used to provide public transport, usually but not always in an urban environment. Service may be scheduled with multiple stops, operating in a similar manner to a bus, or on demand to many locations, operating in a similar...

 that connects the Inner Harbor to Fells Point, Canton, and Fort McHenry
Fort McHenry
Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland, is a star-shaped fort best known for its role in the War of 1812, when it successfully defended Baltimore Harbor from an attack by the British navy in Chesapeake Bay...

.

History

While Baltimore has been a major U.S. seaport since the 18th century, the historically shallow water of the Inner Harbor (prior to manipulation through dredging) was not conducive to large ships or heavy industry, most of which was concentrated in Locust Point
Locust Point, Baltimore
Locust Point is a peninsular neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland. Located in South Baltimore, the neighborhood is entirely surrounded by the Locust Point Industrial Area; the traditional boundaries are Lawrence street to the west and the Patapsco River to the north, south, and east...

, Fell's Point, and Canton.

In the first half of the 20th Century, Baltimore shared the disastrous decline of central cities around the World – dragged down by urban sprawl and the abandonment of the old harbors by the arrival of container ships after World War II. Then, in the second half of the Century, the old harbors were rediscovered as focal points where public space, tourism, business and housing could create mixed-use economic engines for revitalization.

During the 1940s, John H. Threadgill, the head of the Steamship Trade Association, spearheaded a study on the idea of a cross-harbor bridge. A bridge across the Inner Harbor of Baltimore was one idea that was discussed frequently. In his capacity as head of the association, Threadgill ultimately recommended that the idea for a cross-harbor bridge be abandoned, due to the fact that Baltimore relied heavily on a shipping trade and fears that the bridge would negatively impede the flow of shipping traffic at the Port of Baltimore. Threadgill was named head of Baltimore’s Port Commission during the 1950s.

However, in the 1950s, economic shifts ended both the freight and passenger use of the Inner Harbor, such as the Old Bay Line
Baltimore Steam Packet Company
The Baltimore Steam Packet Company, which was also known as the , was an American steamship line from 1840 to 1962, providing overnight steamboat service on the Chesapeake Bay, primarily between Baltimore, Maryland, and Norfolk, Virginia...

's steamers. Rotting warehouses and piers were eventually torn down and replaced by open, grass-covered parkland that was used for recreational purposes and occasional large events.

The waterfront was gradually transformed with award-winning parks and plazas surrounded by office buildings, hotels and leisure attractions, which reversed the city’s decline and became a model for urban renaissance in cities around the World. The renewal of Baltimore’s Inner Harbor area began with the adoption of the 33-acre Charles Center
Charles Center
Charles Center is a highrise apartment building located in Baltimore, Maryland. The building stands 385 feet/117 meters tall and contains 30 floors. The building was constructed in 1969 by developers Conklin + Rossant....

 project by the City Council and Mayor Thomas J. D’Alessandro, Jr., in March, 1958. Between 1958 and 1965, Baltimore renewed the center of its business district by rebuilding Charles Center with office buildings, hotels and retail shops.

At the beginning of mayor Theodore R. McKeldin’s second term in 1963, the redevelopment program was expanded to include 240 acres surrounding the Inner Harbor, where corporate headquarters and hotels were built around the shoreline of the Inner Harbor, which was transformed with a public park and Promenade for leisure activity and community gatherings.

On July 4, 1976, following the rendezvous of Tall Ships in New York for the U.S. Bicentennial, eight ships from other nations visited Baltimore, where they attracted a huge outpouring of tourists and launched the creation of a critical mass of tourist attractions – including the National Aquarium, Maryland Science Center, Baltimore Convention Center, Hyatt Regency Baltimore Hotel and the Harborplace festival marketplace, which opened on the Fourth of July, 1980.

With the success of the Inner Harbor in the 1970’s and ‘80’s, Baltimore became a worldwide tourist destination and model of urban planning and development, influencing more than 100 other cities and winning more than 40 national or international awards, including a citation by the American Institute of Architects
American Institute of Architects
The American Institute of Architects is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image...

 in 1984 as “one of the supreme achievements of large-scale urban design and development in U.S. history.”
In recent years, the area along the waterfront to the east of the Inner Harbor (in the direction of Fells Point and Little Italy
Little Italy, Baltimore
Little Italy is a neighborhood located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States.Situated just east of the Inner Harbor, it has one of the city's busiest restaurant districts. It is so named because of the large number of Italian immigrant families that moved into the area during the 20th century. The...

) has been developed with condominiums, retail space, restaurants, and hotels – an ongoing project known as Harbor East
Harbor East, Baltimore
Inner Harbor East, sometimes referred to simply as Harbor East, is a relatively new mixed-use development project in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Major tenants of Harbor East include Marriott International and Legg Mason....

.

While little development land remains around the Inner Harbor, what land is available has attracted many plans, which have not been realized. Recently completed projects include mixed-use developments incorporating office space, street-level retail, and condominiums as well as hotel projects such as the Ritz Carlton Residences, a condominium project on Key Highway at the southeast corner of the Inner Harbor.

In September 2003, the Inner Harbor area was flooded by Hurricane Isabel
Hurricane Isabel
Hurricane Isabel was the costliest and deadliest hurricane in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. The ninth named storm, fifth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the season, Isabel formed near the Cape Verde Islands from a tropical wave on September 6 in the tropical Atlantic Ocean...

. The Baltimore World Trade Center
Baltimore World Trade Center
Located on the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland, the Baltimore World Trade Center is the world's tallest regular pentagonal building . It was designed by the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, with the principal architects being Henry N...

 remained closed for a month, but all the other buildings were saved from flooding by the Inner Hrbor development controls, which were created by the master developer team of Charles Center-Inner Harbor Management, Inc.

In March 2004, a water taxi
Water taxi
A water taxi or water bus, also known as a commuter boat, is a watercraft used to provide public transport, usually but not always in an urban environment. Service may be scheduled with multiple stops, operating in a similar manner to a bus, or on demand to many locations, operating in a similar...

 capsized during a storm on the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River
Patapsco River
The Patapsco River is a river in central Maryland which flows into Chesapeake Bay. The river's tidal portion forms the harbor for the city of Baltimore...

 near Fort McHenry. While occurring over a mile downstream of the Inner Harbor, it nonetheless was associated with the Inner Harbor by news reports and casual observers. A total of 5 passengers died in the accident, which the National Transportation Safety Board
National Transportation Safety Board
The National Transportation Safety Board is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on aviation accidents and incidents, certain types of highway crashes, ship and marine...

 determined was caused when the small pontoon-style vessel encountered unpredictable strong winds and waves.

Museums

  • Reginald F. Lewis Museum of African-American History and Culture
  • American Visionary Art Museum
    American Visionary Art Museum
    The American Visionary Art Museum is an art museum located in the Federal Hill neighborhood at 800 Key Highway in Baltimore, Maryland and that specializes in the preservation and display of visionary art...

  • Baltimore Museum of Industry
    Baltimore Museum of Industry
    Baltimore Museum of Industry is a museum at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Located in an old cannery, the museum has exhibits on various types of manufacturing and industry from the early 20th century...

  • Geppi's Entertainment Museum
    Geppi's Entertainment Museum
    Geppi's Entertainment Museum is a privately owned pop culture museum located in Baltimore, Maryland. The museum chronicles the history of pop culture in America from the 17th century to today as made popular in newspapers, magazines, comic books, movies, television, radio and video games...

     (opened September 2006)
  • Jewish Museum of Maryland at the Lloyd Street Synagogue – one of the oldest synagogues in the United States
    Oldest synagogues in the United States
    The designation of the oldest synagogue in the United States requires careful use of definitions, and must be divided into two parts, the oldest in the sense of oldest surviving building, and the oldest in the sense of oldest congregation...

    .
  • Civil War Museum at the President Street Station
  • Port Discovery Children's Museum (on the site of the historic Baltimore Fishmarket and the 1988–1989 Fishmarket dance/music complex)
  • Sports Legends at Camden Yards
    Sports Legends at Camden Yards
    Sports Legends at Camden Yards is a non-profit sports museum in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, owned and operated by the Babe Ruth Birthplace & Museum. It opened on May 14, 2005, with the daughter of celebrated baseball player Babe Ruth in attendance...

  • Museum of Dentistry

Ships

  • Baltimore Maritime Museum
    Baltimore Maritime Museum
    Historic Ships in Baltimore, created as a result of the merger of the USS Constellation Museum and the Baltimore Maritime Museum, is a maritime museum located in the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland in the United States....

    :

} – last fighting ship still afloat that survived the attack on Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor, known to Hawaiians as Puuloa, is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet...


} – Tench-class submarine
Tench class submarine
Tench-class submarines were a type of submarine built for the United States Navy between 1944 and 1951. They were an evolutionary improvement over the Gato and Balao classes, only about 35 to 40 tons larger, but more strongly built and with a slightly improved internal layout...

; last ship to sink enemy vessel in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

    • Lightship Chesapeake
      Lightship Chesapeake
      The United States lightship Chesapeake is owned by the National Park Service and on a 25-year loan to the Baltimore Maritime Museum in Baltimore, Maryland. Since 1820, several lightships have served at the Chesapeake lightship station and have been called Chesapeake...

    • Seven Foot Knoll Light
      Seven Foot Knoll Light
      The Seven Foot Knoll Light was built in 1855 and is the oldest screw-pile lighthouse in Maryland. It was initially installed on a shallow shoal, Seven Foot Knoll, at the mouth of the Patapsco River...

      house – last Civil War
      American Civil War
      The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

      -era ship still afloat

  • Vessels on active/reserve status:
    • – US Navy hospital ship
    • – US Navy Aviation Logistics Support (roll-on/roll-off) container ship

Sports

  • Camden Yards Sports Complex
    Camden Yards Sports Complex
    The Camden Yards Sports Complex is located in Baltimore, Maryland. The complex is composed of Oriole Park at Camden Yards and M&T Bank Stadium, which are the stadiums for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball and the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League, respectively...

    • Baltimore Grand Prix
      Baltimore Grand Prix
      The Baltimore Grand Prix is an IndyCar Series and American Le Mans Series race held on a street circuit in Baltimore, Maryland. The inaugural Baltimore Grand Prix was held September 4, 2011. The races are contested on a temporary street circuit around the Inner Harbor area of downtown Baltimore...

       (street race for Indycar
      IndyCar
      IndyCar is the trade name of an American-based open-wheel auto racing sanctioning body. IndyCar sanctions three racing series, the premier IZOD IndyCar Series with its centerpiece Indianapolis 500, and developmental series Firestone Indy Lights and the U.S...

       and American Le Mans Series
      American Le Mans Series
      The American Le Mans Series presented by Tequila Patrón is a sports car racing series based in the United States and Canada. It consists of a series of endurance and sprint races, and was created in the spirit of the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Teams compete in one of five classes: LMP1, LMP2 and LMPC...

      )
    • Oriole Park at Camden Yards
      Oriole Park at Camden Yards
      Oriole Park at Camden Yards is a Major League Baseball ballpark located in Baltimore, Maryland. Home field of the Baltimore Orioles, it is the first of the "retro" major league ballparks constructed during the 1990s and early 2000s, and remains one of the most highly praised. The park was...

       (home of the Baltimore Orioles
      Baltimore Orioles
      The Baltimore Orioles are a professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland in the United States. They are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's American League. One of the American League's eight charter franchises in 1901, it spent its first year as a major league...

      )
    • M&T Bank Stadium
      M&T Bank Stadium
      M&T Bank Stadium is a multi-purpose football stadium located in Baltimore, Maryland. It is the home of the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League. The stadium is immediately adjacent to Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the home of the Baltimore Orioles. Served by the Hamburg Street station of...

       (home of the Baltimore Ravens
      Baltimore Ravens
      The Baltimore Ravens are a professional football franchise based in Baltimore, Maryland.The Baltimore Ravens are officially a quasi-expansion franchise, having originated in 1995 with the Cleveland Browns relocation controversy after Art Modell, then owner of the Cleveland Browns, announced his...

      ; formerly known as PSINet Stadium and then as Ravens Stadium)
    • Sports Legends at Camden Yards
      Sports Legends at Camden Yards
      Sports Legends at Camden Yards is a non-profit sports museum in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, owned and operated by the Babe Ruth Birthplace & Museum. It opened on May 14, 2005, with the daughter of celebrated baseball player Babe Ruth in attendance...

    • Babe Ruth
      Babe Ruth
      George Herman Ruth, Jr. , best known as "Babe" Ruth and nicknamed "the Bambino" and "the Sultan of Swat", was an American Major League baseball player from 1914–1935...

       birthplace and museum

Concert halls and arenas

  • Baltimore Convention Center
    Baltimore Convention Center
    The Baltimore Convention Center is a convention and exhibition hall located in downtown Baltimore, Maryland. The Center is a municiple building owned and operated by the City of Baltimore...

  • 1st Mariner Arena
    1st Mariner Arena
    1st Mariner Arena is an arena located in Baltimore, Maryland. In 2003, it was renamed by 1st Mariner Bank, which purchased naming rights to the arena for 10 years. It was reported that 1st Mariner Bank will need to pay the city $75,000 for the next ten years to keep the naming rights to the complex...

     (formerly known as the Civic Center)
  • Pier 6 Concert Pavilion
  • Power Plant Live!
    Power Plant Live!
    Power Plant Live! is a collection of bars, clubs, and other businesses in the Inner Harbor section of downtown Baltimore, Maryland. It was developed by the Cordish Company and opened in phases during 2001, 2002, and 2003. The entertainment complex gets its name from the nearby "Power Plant"...

     (a collection of bars and clubs that includes Rams Head Live!
    Rams Head Live!
    Rams Head Live! is an indoor music venue, club, and bar located in Baltimore, Maryland. Located in the Power Plant Live! section of downtown Baltimore, and is surrounded by several other bars and clubs. Rams Head Live! opened on December 15, 2004 and received popular acclaim as an intimate and...

    )

Other attractions

  • National Aquarium in Baltimore
    National Aquarium in Baltimore
    The National Aquarium, Baltimore is a public aquarium located at 501 E Pratt St. in the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore, Maryland, USA. It was constructed during Baltimore's urban renewal period and opened on August 8, 1981. The aquarium has an annual attendance of 1.5 million and a collection of...

  • Harborplace and the Gallery
    Harborplace
    Harborplace is a festival marketplace in Baltimore, Maryland, that opened in 1980 as a centerpiece of the revival of downtown Baltimore. As its name suggests, it is located on the Inner Harbor....

  • Maryland Science Center
    Maryland Science Center
    The Maryland Science Center, located in Baltimore's Inner Harbor, opened to the public in 1976. It includes three levels of exhibits, a planetarium, and an observatory. It was one of the original structures that drove the revitalization of the Baltimore Inner Harbor from its industrial roots to a...

  • The Pratt Street Power Plant
    Pratt Street Power Plant
    Pratt Street Power Plant, also known as the Pier Four Power Plant, The Power Plant, or Pratt Street Station, is a historic power plant located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States...

     (containing Barnes & Noble
    Barnes & Noble
    Barnes & Noble, Inc. is the largest book retailer in the United States, operating mainly through its Barnes & Noble Booksellers chain of bookstores headquartered at 122 Fifth Avenue in the Flatiron District in Manhattan in New York City. Barnes & Noble also operated the chain of small B. Dalton...

    , Hard Rock Cafe
    Hard Rock Cafe
    Hard Rock Cafe is a chain of theme restaurants founded in 1971 by Americans Peter Morton & Isaac Tigrett. In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, a tradition which expanded to others in the chain. In 2006, Hard Rock was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and...

    , and the original ESPN Zone
    ESPN Zone
    ESPN Zone is a Southern California-based chain of two sports-themed restaurants that include arcades, TV studios, and radio studios that are currently franchised, but formally owned by the American cable network ESPN. The first ESPN Zone opened in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 11, 1998, in the Power...

    , which closed in June 2010; in the late 1980s, contained an indoor Victorian era
    Victorian era
    The Victorian era of British history was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence...

     "fun house"-themed Six Flags
    Six Flags
    Six Flags Entertainment Corp. is the world's largest amusement park corporation based on quantity of properties and the fifth most popular in terms of attendance. The company maintains 14 properties located throughout North America, including theme parks, thrill parks, water parks and family...

     amusement park
    Amusement park
    thumb|Cinderella Castle in [[Magic Kingdom]], [[Disney World]]Amusement and theme parks are terms for a group of entertainment attractions and rides and other events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people...

    )
  • Top of the World at the Baltimore World Trade Center
    Baltimore World Trade Center
    Located on the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Maryland, the Baltimore World Trade Center is the world's tallest regular pentagonal building . It was designed by the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, with the principal architects being Henry N...

  • Holocaust Memorial
  • Columbus Center, home of the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute
    University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute
    Formed in 1985, the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute is part of the University System of Maryland. It was created to provide a unified focus for Maryland's biotechnology research and education.-About UMBI:...

  • Lockwood Place
  • Baltimore Visitors Center
    Baltimore Visitors Center
    The new Baltimore Visitors Center opened on May 7, 2004, to replace an old antiquated visitors center that was operated in a modified construction trailer. It is located in downtown Baltimore, Maryland, USA, on the Inner Harbor....

  • Lloyd Street Synagogue
    Lloyd Street Synagogue
    The Lloyd Street Synagogue is an 1845, Greek Revival style synagogue building in Baltimore, Maryland. One of the oldest synagogues in the United States, Lloyd Street was the first synagogue building erected in Maryland and is the third oldest synagogue building still standing in the United States...

    , the third-oldest synagogue in the United States
    Oldest synagogues in the United States
    The designation of the oldest synagogue in the United States requires careful use of definitions, and must be divided into two parts, the oldest in the sense of oldest surviving building, and the oldest in the sense of oldest congregation...

    , now a museum

External links

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