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An ingot is a material, usually metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing. It requires a second procedure of shaping, by means of cold/hot working to produce the final product. They involve relatively simple procedures. However, this only works for simple objects, such as shaping a bar ingot into a mallet
Mallet

A Mallet is a type of hammer with a head made of softer materials than the steel normally used in hammerheads, so as to avoid damaging a delicate surface....
 tip. The advantages are low initial costs for producing the moulds.






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An ingot is a material, usually metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing. It requires a second procedure of shaping, by means of cold/hot working to produce the final product. They involve relatively simple procedures. However, this only works for simple objects, such as shaping a bar ingot into a mallet
Mallet

A Mallet is a type of hammer with a head made of softer materials than the steel normally used in hammerheads, so as to avoid damaging a delicate surface....
 tip. The advantages are low initial costs for producing the moulds. If cold worked, it can also improve hardness in the second procedure, an advantage for such things as the mallet tip. However, more input energy is required for the final object if hardness (by cold working) is not required.

Types of ingots


Metal

Metal
Metal

In chemistry, a metal is a chemical element whose atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions , and form metallic bonds between other metal atoms and ionic bonds between nonmetal atoms....
 heated past its melting point
Melting point

The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes states of matter from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium....
 and molded into a bar or block. Additionally, the molds from which metal objects are cast may be called ingots. After the ingots are created they are sold in that form mainly to industries to be melted into another form.

Semiconducting material


In the semiconductor
Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material that has electrical conductivity between those of a Electrical conductor and an electrical insulation; it can vary over that wide range either permanently or dynamically....
 industry, single crystal
Single crystal

A single crystal, also called a monocrystal, is a crystalline solid in which the crystal lattice of the entire sample is continuous and unbroken to the edges of the sample, with no grain boundaries....
 ingots (often called boules
Boule (crystal)

A boule is a single crystal ingot produced by synthetic means. A boule of silicon is the starting material for most of the integrated circuits used today....
) of semiconductor
Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material that has electrical conductivity between those of a Electrical conductor and an electrical insulation; it can vary over that wide range either permanently or dynamically....
 materials can be grown (crystal growth) by methods such as the Czochralski process
Czochralski process

The Czochralski process is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors , metals , salts, and synthetic gemstones....
 or Bridgeman technique
Bridgeman technique

The Bridgman-Stockbarger technique is a method of growing single crystal ingots or boule .The method involves heating polycrystalline material in a container above its melting point and slowly cooling it from one end where a seed crystal is located....
.

These are then cut up (also called sliced or sawed) and polished to provide wafers
Wafer (electronics)

A wafer is a thin slice of semiconductor material, such as a silicon crystal, used in the Semiconductor fabrication of integrated circuit and other microdevices....
 on which semiconductor device
Semiconductor device

Semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronics properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide....
s, ranging from microprocessor
Microprocessor

A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit . The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculators, using Binary-coded decimal arithmetic on 4-bit Word ....
s to solar cell
Solar cell

A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the source is unspecified....
s and light-emitting diode
Light-emitting diode

A light-emitting diode , is an electronic light source. The LED was discovered in the early 20th century, and introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962....
s can be fabricated.Rod sawing wastes as much as 20% of the valuable silicon as sawdust
Sawdust

File:Saw dust .jpgSawdust is composed of fine particles of wood. This material is produced from cutting with a saw, hence its name. It has a variety of practical uses, including serving as a mulch, or as an alternative to clay cat litter, or as a fuel, or for the manufacture of particleboard....
, known as kerf.

Single crystal ingots can be created with single dendrite
Dendrite (crystal)

A crystal dendrite is a crystal that develops with a typical multi-branching tree-like form. Dendritic crystal growth is very common and illustrated by snowflake formation and frost patterns on a window....
 formation. Such is done for single crystal turbine blades.

Historical ingots


Cultural references

  • The Chinese New Year
    Chinese New Year

    Chinese New Year or Spring Festival is the most important of the traditional Chinese holidays. It is often called the Lunar New Year, especially by people in mainland China and Taiwan....
     food Jau gok
    Jau gok

    Jau gok are traditional dumplings found within Cantonese cuisine originating from Guangdong Province in China. They are most common during Chinese new year and are consumed in Cantonese-speaking regions and communities, including Hong Kong....
     was made to symbolize the ingot.
  • The eighth letter in the Ogham
    Ogham

    Ogham is an Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to represent the Old Irish language, and occasionally the Brythonic languages ancestor of Welsh language....
     alphabet is Tinne
    Tinne

    Tinne is the Irish language name of the eighth letter of the Ogham alphabet, , meaning "ingot". Its phonetic value is [t]....
     meaning "ingot".


See also

  • Ductile iron
    Ductile iron

    Ductile iron, also called ductile cast iron, spheroidal graphite iron, or nodular cast iron, is a type of cast iron invented in 1943 by Keith Millis....
  • Gold bar
    Gold bar

    A gold bar is a gold ingot which may be produced in many different types, weights and categories....
  • Gray iron
    Gray iron

    Gray iron or grey iron was the original "cast iron". It is an alloy of carbon, silicon, and iron, containing from 1.7 to 4.5% C and 1 to 3% Si....
  • Saw
    Saw

    A saw is a tool that uses a hard blade or wire with an abrasive wear edge to cut through softer materials. The cutting edge of a saw is either a serrated blade or an abrasive....
    ing
  • Tin ingot
    Tin ingot

    Tin ingots were a trading currency unique to Malacca. Cast in the shape of a peck, or dou in Chinese, each block weighs just over one pound. Ten blocks made up one unit called a 'small bundle', and 40 blocks made up one 'large bundle'....
  • Wafer etching