Indonesian Army
Encyclopedia
The Indonesian Army the land component of the Indonesian Armed Forces, has an estimated strength of 328,517 regular personnel. The force's history began in 1945 when the Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) "Civil Security Forces" served as paramilitary
and police.
Since the nation's independence struggle, the Indonesian Army has been involved in many operations involving foreign powers such as the incorporation of Western New Guinea, the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation
, and the annexation of East Timor
, as well as with internal operations in Aceh
and Maluku
.
The Indonesia Army comprises the headquarters and associated units, the military area commands, a strategic reserve command KOSTRAD
, a special forces command Kopassus
, and other formations and units. The force has grown over the years; in July 1976 the army was estimated to consist of 180,000 personnel, one armoured cavalry brigade, part of Kostrad (one tank battalion, plus support units), 14 infantry brigades (90 infantry, 1 para, 9 artillery, 11 anti-aircraft, and 9 engineer battalions) of which three of the brigades were in Kostrad
, two airborne brigades totalling six battalions, also part of Kostrad, one independent tank battalion, 7 independent armoured cavalry battalions, and four independent para-commando battalions.
The Armed Forces' military districts were created by General Soedirman, following the model of the German Wehrkreise system
. The system was later ratified in Surat Perintah Siasat No.1, signed by General Soedirman in November 1948.
From 1946 to 1952, the Army had been organised into numerous division
s. These were consolidated in 1951, and then eliminated in 1952. From 1952 to 1958-59, the Army was organised into seven Tentara & Teritoriums. In August 1958, the Indonesian Army reorganised its territorial commands. There were to be sixteen Kodams from that point in time, which retained earlier divisional titles; the Siliwangi Division
, for example, became Kodam VI/Siliwangi.
A reorganization in 1985 made significant changes in the army chain of command. The four multiservice Regional Defense Commands (Kowilhans) and the National Strategic Command (Kostranas) were eliminated from the defense structure, re-establishing the Military Area Command (Kodam), or regional command, as the key organization for strategic, tactical, and territorial operations for all services. The chain of command flowed directly from the ABRI commander in chief to the ten Kodam commanders, and then to subordinate army territorial commands.
The Kodams incorporate provincial
and district commands each with a number of infantry battalions, sometimes a cavalry
battalion, artillery
, or engineer
s. Some have Raider battalions attached. Currently there are 12 Military Area Commands, and these are:
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Origin
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Quantity
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Acquired
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Notes
|-
|Leopard 2A6 || || Main Battle Tank
|| 100 || 0 || 100 Units is on order as confirmed by General Pramono Edy Wibowo
|-
|AMX-13
|| || Light tank
|| 300 || ||
|-
|FV101 Scorpion 90
|| || Light tank || 85 || ||
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Origin
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Quantity
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Acquired
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Notes
|-
|AMX-VTT
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 200 || ||
|-
|VAB
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 46 || || 14 were originally supplied. Another 32 were acquired in 2006 for the Indonesian peacekeeping mission in Lebanon.
|-
|Alvis Stormer
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || ~70 || || Includes the armoured personnel carrier, command post, ambulance, recovery, logistics and bridge laying variants.
|-
|FV603 Saracen
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 55 || || Some upgraded in the 1990s.
|-
|Cadillac Gage Ranger
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 22 || ||
|-
|BTR-152
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 150 || ||
|-
| Casspir
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || || || Mine protected armoured personnel carrier. used by Kopassus.
|-
|Pindad APS-3 || || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 154 || 2008–2010 || 20 units were received in February 2009, 40 were received in July 2009 while another 33 were received in Jan 2010.
|-
|Pindad APR-1V
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 14 || 2004 || Early predecessor to the Pindad PS-3. Based on a commercial Isuzu
truck chassis. Follow on orders cancelled following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces....
and police.
Since the nation's independence struggle, the Indonesian Army has been involved in many operations involving foreign powers such as the incorporation of Western New Guinea, the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation
Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation during 1962–1966 was Indonesia’s political and armed opposition to the creation of Malaysia. It is also known by its Indonesian/Malay name Konfrontasi...
, and the annexation of East Timor
East Timor
The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...
, as well as with internal operations in Aceh
Aceh
Aceh is a special region of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. Its full name is Daerah Istimewa Aceh , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam and Aceh . Past spellings of its name include Acheh, Atjeh and Achin...
and Maluku
Maluku Islands
The Maluku Islands are an archipelago that is part of Indonesia, and part of the larger Maritime Southeast Asia region. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone...
.
The Indonesia Army comprises the headquarters and associated units, the military area commands, a strategic reserve command KOSTRAD
Kostrad
Kostrad is the Indonesian Army's Strategic Reserve Command. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has up to 35,000 troops...
, a special forces command Kopassus
Kopassus
Kopassus is an Indonesian Army special forces group that conducts special operations missions for the Indonesian government, such as direct action, unconventional warfare, sabotage, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, and intelligence gathering.Kopassus was founded on April 16, 1952...
, and other formations and units. The force has grown over the years; in July 1976 the army was estimated to consist of 180,000 personnel, one armoured cavalry brigade, part of Kostrad (one tank battalion, plus support units), 14 infantry brigades (90 infantry, 1 para, 9 artillery, 11 anti-aircraft, and 9 engineer battalions) of which three of the brigades were in Kostrad
Kostrad
Kostrad is the Indonesian Army's Strategic Reserve Command. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has up to 35,000 troops...
, two airborne brigades totalling six battalions, also part of Kostrad, one independent tank battalion, 7 independent armoured cavalry battalions, and four independent para-commando battalions.
Military Area Commands
Military district (Germany)
During World War II Germany used the system of military districts to relieve field commanders of as much administrative work as possible and to provide a regular flow of trained recruits and supplies to the Field Army...
. The system was later ratified in Surat Perintah Siasat No.1, signed by General Soedirman in November 1948.
From 1946 to 1952, the Army had been organised into numerous division
Division (military)
A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades, and in turn several divisions typically make up a corps...
s. These were consolidated in 1951, and then eliminated in 1952. From 1952 to 1958-59, the Army was organised into seven Tentara & Teritoriums. In August 1958, the Indonesian Army reorganised its territorial commands. There were to be sixteen Kodams from that point in time, which retained earlier divisional titles; the Siliwangi Division
Siliwangi Division
The Siliwangi Division or KODAM VI/Siliwangi is the name of a formation of the Indonesian Army. The Division was formed during the Indonesian National Revolution by what was then known as the People's Security Army...
, for example, became Kodam VI/Siliwangi.
A reorganization in 1985 made significant changes in the army chain of command. The four multiservice Regional Defense Commands (Kowilhans) and the National Strategic Command (Kostranas) were eliminated from the defense structure, re-establishing the Military Area Command (Kodam), or regional command, as the key organization for strategic, tactical, and territorial operations for all services. The chain of command flowed directly from the ABRI commander in chief to the ten Kodam commanders, and then to subordinate army territorial commands.
The Kodams incorporate provincial
Provinces of Indonesia
The province is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Each province has its own local government, headed by a governor, and has its own legislative body...
and district commands each with a number of infantry battalions, sometimes a cavalry
Cavalry
Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms...
battalion, artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
, or engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
s. Some have Raider battalions attached. Currently there are 12 Military Area Commands, and these are:
- Kodam Iskandar MudaIskandar MudaIskandar Muda was the twelfth Sultan of Aceh, under whom the sultanate achieved its greatest territorial extent, and was the strongest power and wealthiest state in the western Indonesian archipelago and the Strait of Malacca. "Iskandar Muda" literally means "young Alexander," and his conquests...
, overseeing AcehAcehAceh is a special region of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. Its full name is Daerah Istimewa Aceh , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam and Aceh . Past spellings of its name include Acheh, Atjeh and Achin...
province as part of the Aceh special autonomy law. Previously under the Kodam I/Bukit Barisan. - Kodam I/Bukit Barisan, overseeing northern SumatraSumatraSumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the sixth largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 with a population of 50,365,538...
provinces of North SumatraNorth SumatraNorth Sumatra is a province of Indonesia on the Sumatra island. Its capital is Medan. It is the most populous Indonesian province outside of Java. It is slightly larger than Sri Lanka in area.- Geography and population :...
, West SumatraWest SumatraWest Sumatra is a province of Indonesia. It lies on the west coast of the island Sumatra. It borders the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau and Jambi to the east, and Bengkulu to the southeast. It includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast...
, Riau and Riau Islands.- In 1997, before the split of Kodam I into Kodam I and Kodam Iskandar Muda, territorial military district commands included Korem 011 (HQ Lhokseumawe), Korem 012 (HQ Banda Aceh), Korem 022 (HQ Pematang Siantar), Korem 023 (HQ Sibolga), Korem 031 (HQ Pekanbaru), and Korem 032 (HQ Padang).
- Kodam II/SriwijayaKodam II/SriwijayaMilitary Area Command II / Sriwijaya is a Command territorial defense, including provinces Bengkulu, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bangka Belitung Islands and Lampung. Commander II / Sriwijaya which now serves the Army Maj. Gen...
, overseeing southern provinces on Sumatra island of Jambi, BengkuluBengkuluBengkulu is a province of Indonesia. It is on the southwest coast of the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of West Sumatra, Jambi, South Sumatra and Lampung. The capital and largest city is Bengkulu city. It was formerly the site of a British garrison, which they called Bencoolen...
, Bangka Belitung, South SumatraSouth SumatraSouth Sumatra is a province of Indonesia.-Geography:It is on the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of Lampung to the south, Bengkulu to the west, and Jambi to the north...
and LampungLampungLampung is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra and borders the provinces of Bengkulu and South Sumatra. Lampung is the original home of the Lampung people, who speak a distinct language from other people in Sumatra and have their own alphabet. Its...
.- Korems in 1997 included Korem 041 (HQ Palembang), Korem 042 (HQ Jambi), Korem 043 (HQ Lampung), and Korem 044 (HQ Serong).
- Kodam JayaKodam JayaKodam Jaya is a military command area of the Military of Indonesia. It oversees Jakarta, the capital city, as well as three regions outside of Jakarta: Bekasi and Depok, which are administratively in West Java province; and Tangerang, which is in Banten province.-History:On 1 September 1945, the...
, overseeing JakartaJakartaJakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
as the capital city of Indonesia. Kodam Jaya also oversees three regions outside Jakarta of Bekasi and Depok which actually in West Java province and Tangerang which is in Banten province. - Kodam III/Siliwangi, overseeing West JavaWest JavaWest Java , with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population...
and BantenBantenBanten is a province of Indonesia in Java. Formerly part of the Province of West Java, it was made a separate province in 2000.The administrative center is Serang. Preliminary results from the 2010 census counted some 10.6 million people.-Geography:...
provinces. - Kodam IV/DiponegoroKodam IV/DiponegoroKomando Daerah Militer IV/Diponegoro or KODAM IV/Diponegoro is a military area command of the Indonesian Army. It covers the provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta on the island of Java. It is named for the Java War hero Prince Diponegoro...
, overseeing Central JavaCentral JavaCentral Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
and Yogyakarta provinces. - Kodam V/BrawijayaKodam V/BrawijayaKodam V/Brawijaya, is a military area command of the Indonesian Army, as the 5th Kodam, which oversees the entire East Java Province...
, overseeing East JavaEast JavaEast Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and islands to its east and to its north East Java is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and...
province. - Kodam VI/TanjungpuraKodam VI/TanjungpuraKodam VI/Tanjungpura, is an Indonesian Army military area command that oversees four provinces of Kalimantan Island. Kodam Tanjungpura also oversees Indonesian border regions with two Malaysia States of Sabah and Sarawak.- Teritorial Units :...
, overseeing all provinces on KalimantanKalimantanIn English, the term Kalimantan refers to the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo, while in Indonesian, the term "Kalimantan" refers to the whole island of Borneo....
island (Borneo) of Central KalimantanCentral KalimantanCentral Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia, one of four in Kalimantan - the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its provincial capital is Palangka Raya.The province has a population of just over 2.2 million at the 2010 Census...
, East KalimantanEast KalimantanEast Kalimantan is the second largest Indonesian province, located on the Kalimantan region on the east of Borneo island. The resource-rich province has two major cities, Samarinda and Balikpapan...
, South KalimantanSouth KalimantanSouth Kalimantan/South Borneo is one of the thirty-three Provinces of Indonesia and one of four Indonesian provinces in the Indonesian part of Borneo. The provincial capital is Banjarmasin...
and West KalimantanWest KalimantanWest Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia. It is one of four Indonesian provinces in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city Pontianak is located right on the Equator....
. - Kodam VII/Wirabuana, overseeing all provinces on SulawesiSulawesiSulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...
island of GorontaloGorontalo (province)Gorontalo is a province of Indonesia on the northern part of Sulawesi. The province was established in December 2000 after being split from North Sulawesi province...
, Central SulawesiCentral SulawesiCentral Sulawesi is a province of Indonesia located in the centre of Sulawesi. It was established on 13 April 1964....
, North SulawesiNorth SulawesiNorth Sulawesi is a province of Indonesia. It is on the island of Sulawesi, and borders the province of Gorontalo to the west . The islands of Sangihe and Talaud form the northern part of the province, which border Davao del Sur in the Philippines.The capital and largest city in North Sulawesi is...
, South SulawesiSouth SulawesiSouth Sulawesi is a province of Indonesia, located on the western southern peninsula of Sulawesi Island. The province is bordered by Central Sulawesi province to the north, South East Sulawesi province to the east and West Sulawesi province to the west...
, Southeast Sulawesi and West SulawesiWest SulawesiWest Sulawesi is a province of Indonesia, which was created in 2004.- Geography :It is on the island of Sulawesi and includes the regencies of Polewali Mandar, Mamasa, Majene, Mamuju, and Mamuju Utara, which were formerly part of South Sulawesi...
.- Units include Batalyon Infanteri 714
- Kodam IX/UdayanaKodam IX/UdayanaKodam IX/Udayana is a military area command of the Indonesian Army which is responsible for the provinces of Bali, East Nusa Tenggara and West Nusa Tenggara...
, overseeing provinces of BaliBaliBali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...
, East Nusa TenggaraEast Nusa TenggaraEast Nusa Tenggara is a province of Indonesia, located in the eastern portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, including West Timor. The provincial capital is Kupang, located on West Timor...
and West Nusa TenggaraWest Nusa TenggaraWest Nusa Tenggara is a province in south-central Indonesia. The province encompasses the western portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, except for Bali as the Wallace line running the length of the Lombok Strait forms the western boundary of the province....
. The former Indonesian province of East TimorEast TimorThe Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, commonly known as East Timor , is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor...
was also under the jurisdiction of Kodam IX/Udayana. - Kodam XVI/Pattimura, overseeing Maluku and North MalukuNorth MalukuNorth Maluku is a province of northeastern Indonesia. It covers the northern part of the Maluku Islands, which are split between it and the province of Maluku. Maluku province used to cover the entire group...
provinces. - Kodam XVII/Cendrawasih, overseeing West Papua and PapuaPapua (Indonesian province)Papua comprises most of the western half of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands. Its capital is Jayapura. It's the largest and easternmost province of Indonesia. The province originally covered the entire western half of New Guinea...
provinces. - Previously Irian Jaya and the Maluku islands were under Kodam VIII/Trikora. Kodam VIII/Trikora had in 1997 six infantry battalions plus engineer detachments. The district commands in 1997 included Korem 171 (HQ Manokwari), Korem 172 (HQ Abepura), Korem 173 (HQ Biak) and Korem 174 (HQ Ambon). The South Pacific Yearbook reported three infantry battalions which were based at Manokwari, Jayapura, and Sorong, as well as mentioning a naval base at Biak.
Operational Commands
- Special Forces Command (KopassusKopassusKopassus is an Indonesian Army special forces group that conducts special operations missions for the Indonesian government, such as direct action, unconventional warfare, sabotage, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, and intelligence gathering.Kopassus was founded on April 16, 1952...
), est 5,530 divided is composed of five groups, Grup 1/Parakomando (Para Commando), Grup 2/Parakomando (Para Commando), Pusat Pendidikan Pasukan Khusus (Training), Grup 3/Sandhi Yudha (Combat Intelligence), SAT 81/Penanggulangan Teror (Counter-terrorism); plus the Presidential GuardPresidential GuardPresidential Guard may refer to:*Evzones, the Greek Presidential Guard, formerly the Royal Guard.*Presidential Guard *Presidential Guard *Presidential Guard *Presidential Guard Brigade...
(Paspampres) and headquarters. Each group is headed by a Colonel and all groups are para-commando qualified. Of note is the unusual nature of Group IV, possibly also called "Sandhy Yudha," which consists of select members from Groups I, II, and III. The duties of these specially trained personnel include attacking behind enemy lines (Infiltration tacticsInfiltration tacticsIn warfare, infiltration tactics involve small, lightly equipped infantry forces attacking enemy rear areas while bypassing enemy front line strongpoints and isolating them for attack by follow-up troops with heavier weapons.-Development during World War I:...
). Group IV also, reportedly, works with the Joint Intelligence Unit on interrogations, and carries out clandestine operations around the country.
- Army Strategic Reserve Command (KostradKostradKostrad is the Indonesian Army's Strategic Reserve Command. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has up to 35,000 troops...
), is the Indonesian Army's Strategic Reserve Command. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has around 40,000 troops. It also supervises operational readiness among all commands and conducts defense and security operations at the strategic level in accordance with policies of the TNI commander.- Infantry Division 1 KostradInfantry Division 1 KostradInfantry Division 1, KOSTRAD is an infantry division of the Indonesian Army. The divisional commander is a two-star Major General. In 1996 the division commander was Major General Ismed Yuzairi.-Order of battle:The division's composition is:...
, with 13th Infantry Brigade and the 17th Airborne Brigade, plus Field Artillery Regiment 2 - 2nd Division, with 6th and 9th Infantry, and the 18th Airborne Brigades, plus a field artillery regiment
- 3rd Airborne Infantry Brigade, Ujung Pandang (ex-Kopassus 3rd Group)
- KOSTRAD also commands several combat service support units such as combat engineers.
- Infantry Division 1 Kostrad
- Army Aviation Command The army had its own small air arm that performs liaison and limited transport duties. It operates 100 aircraft in several helicopter and aircraft squadrons composed mostly of light aircraft and small transports, such as the IPTN produced CN-235.
Small arms
| Name | Origin | Type | Caliber | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pindad P1/P2 Browning Hi-Power The Browning Hi-Power is a single-action, 9 mm semi-automatic handgun. It is based on a design by American firearms inventor John Browning, and completed by Dieudonné Saive at Fabrique Nationale of Herstal, Belgium. Browning died in 1926, several years before the design was finalized... |
Semi-automatic pistol | 9x19mm | Local copy of the Browning Hi-Power. Approximately 30,000 P1s and 2,000 P2s manufactured. | |
| Colt M1911 | Semi-automatic pistol | .45 ACP .45 ACP The .45 ACP , also known as the .45 Auto by C.I.P., is a cartridge designed by John Browning in 1904, for use in his prototype Colt semi-automatic .45 pistol and eventually the M1911 pistol adopted by the United States Army in 1911.-Design and history:The U.S... |
||
| SIG Sauer P226 | Semi-automatic pistol | 9x19mm | For use by Kopassus Kopassus Kopassus is an Indonesian Army special forces group that conducts special operations missions for the Indonesian government, such as direct action, unconventional warfare, sabotage, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, and intelligence gathering.Kopassus was founded on April 16, 1952... . |
|
| Pindad PM2 Pindad PM2 The Pindad PM2 is a submachine gun manufactured by Pindad of Indonesia.- Design objectives :The Pindad PM2 is a submachine gun based on the Pindad SS2, using a similar receiver , grip, and folding stock. It is designed to exceed the performance of the popular german-made Heckler & Koch MP5... |
Submachine gun Submachine gun A submachine gun is an automatic carbine, designed to fire pistol cartridges. It combines the automatic fire of a machine gun with the cartridge of a pistol. The submachine gun was invented during World War I , but the apex of its use was during World War II when millions of the weapon type were... |
9x19mm | ||
| MP5 series Heckler & Koch MP5 The Heckler & Koch MP5 is a 9mm submachine gun of German design, developed in the 1960s by a team of engineers from the German small arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch GmbH of Oberndorf am Neckar.... |
Submachine gun Submachine gun A submachine gun is an automatic carbine, designed to fire pistol cartridges. It combines the automatic fire of a machine gun with the cartridge of a pistol. The submachine gun was invented during World War I , but the apex of its use was during World War II when millions of the weapon type were... |
9x19mm | Used by special forces | |
| AK-47 AK-47 The AK-47 is a selective-fire, gas-operated 7.62×39mm assault rifle, first developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known as Avtomat Kalashnikova . It is also known as a Kalashnikov, an "AK", or in Russian slang, Kalash.Design work on the AK-47 began in the last year... |
Assault rifle Assault rifle An assault rifle is a selective fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles are the standard infantry weapons in most modern armies... |
7.62x39mm | ||
| Pindad SS1 | Assault rifle Assault rifle An assault rifle is a selective fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles are the standard infantry weapons in most modern armies... |
5.56x45mm 5.56x45mm NATO 5.56×45mm NATO is a rifle cartridge developed in the United States and originally chambered in the M16 rifle. Under STANAG 4172, it is a standard cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. It is derived from, but not identical to, the .223 Remington cartridge... |
Based on the FN FNC FN FNC The FNC is a 5.56mm assault rifle developed by the Belgian arms manufacturer Fabrique Nationale of Herstal and introduced in the late 1970s.-Development:... |
|
| Pindad SS2 Pindad SS2 The SS2 is an updated version of the Pindad SS1 created by PT Pindad, under license from Fabrique Nationale... |
Assault rifle Assault rifle An assault rifle is a selective fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles are the standard infantry weapons in most modern armies... |
5.56x45mm | Modernized SS1. | |
| M16 M16 rifle The M16 is the United States military designation for the AR-15 rifle adapted for both semi-automatic and full-automatic fire. Colt purchased the rights to the AR-15 from ArmaLite, and currently uses that designation only for semi-automatic versions of the rifle. The M16 fires the 5.56×45mm NATO... |
Assault rifle Assault rifle An assault rifle is a selective fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles are the standard infantry weapons in most modern armies... |
5.56x45mm | ||
| Pindad SPR-1 | Sniper rifle Sniper rifle In military and law enforcement terminology, a sniper rifle is a precision-rifle used to ensure more accurate placement of bullets at longer ranges than other small arms. A typical sniper rifle is built for optimal levels of accuracy, fitted with a telescopic sight and chambered for a military... |
7.62x51mm | ||
| Pindad SPR-3 | Sniper rifle | 7.62x51mm | ||
| Pindad SPR-2 | Anti-materiel rifle Anti-materiel rifle An anti-materiel rifle is a rifle that is designed for use against military equipment rather than against other combatants .... |
12.7x99mm .50 BMG The .50 Browning Machine Gun or 12.7×99mm NATO is a cartridge developed for the Browning .50 caliber machine gun in the late 1910s. Entering service officially in 1921, the round is based on a greatly scaled-up .30-06 cartridge... |
||
| Pindad SM3 | Light machine gun Light machine gun A light machine gun is a machine gun designed to be employed by an individual soldier, with or without an assistant, as an infantry support weapon. Light machine guns are often used as squad automatic weapons.-Characteristics:... |
5.56x45mm | Locally produced version of the FN Minimi FN Minimi The Minimi is a Belgian 5.56mm light machine gun developed by Fabrique Nationale in Herstal by Ernest Vervier. First introduced in 1974, it has entered service with the armed forces of over thirty countries... . |
|
| Pindad SM2 | General purpose machine gun General purpose machine gun A general-purpose machine gun is a multi-purpose weapon: it is a machine gun firing a full-power rifle cartridge and which can be used in a variety of roles, from a bipod- or tripod-mounted infantry support weapon to a helicopter door gun or a vehicle-mounted support weapon... |
7.62x51mm | Locally produced version of the FN MAG FN MAG The FN MAG is a Belgian 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, designed in the early 1950s at Fabrique Nationale by Ernest Vervier. It has been used by more than 80 countries, and it has been made under licence in countries such as Argentina, Egypt, India, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the... . |
|
| Pindad SMB-QCB | Heavy machine gun Heavy machine gun The heavy machine gun or HMG is a larger class of machine gun generally recognized to refer to two separate stages of machine gun development. The term was originally used to refer to the early generation of machine guns which came into widespread use in World War I... |
12.7x99mm | Locally produced version of the CIS 50MG CIS 50MG The CIS 50MG is a gas-operated, air-cooled, belt-fed heavy machine gun developed and manufactured by Chartered Industries of Singapore in the late 1980s, in response to a request by the Singaporean Defence Ministry to replace the venerable 12.7mm Browning M2HB machine guns then in ubiquitous... . |
Grenade and rocket systems
| Name | Origin | Type | Quantity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pindad SPG1 M203 grenade launcher The M203 is a single shot 40 mm grenade launcher designed to attach to a rifle. It uses the same rounds as the older M79 break-action grenade launcher, which utilize the High-Low Propulsion System to keep recoil forces low. Though versatile, and compatible with many rifle models, the M203 was... |
Under barrel grenade launcher Grenade launcher A grenade launcher or grenade discharger is a weapon that launches a grenade with more accuracy, higher velocity, and to greater distances than a soldier could throw it by hand.... |
Locally produced copy of the M203. | ||
| M79 M79 grenade launcher The M79 grenade launcher is a single-shot, shoulder-fired, break-action grenade launcher that fires a 40x46mm grenade which used what the US Army called the High-Low Propulsion System to keep recoil forces low, and first appeared during the Vietnam War... |
Single-shot grenade launcher | |||
| M80 Rocket Launcher M80 Rocket Launcher The M80 nicknamed the "Zolja", meaning WASP in English, is a portable one-shot disposable 64 mm anti-tank weapon, designed in the former Yugoslavia... |
Shoulder-fired missile |
Tanks
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Model! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Origin
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! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Quantity
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Acquired
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Notes
|-
|Leopard 2A6 || || Main Battle Tank
Main battle tank
A main battle tank , also known as a battle tank or universal tank, is a tank that fills the heavy direct fire role of many modern armies. They were originally conceived to replace the light, medium, heavy and super-heavy tanks. Development was spurred onwards in the Cold War with the development...
|| 100 || 0 || 100 Units is on order as confirmed by General Pramono Edy Wibowo
|-
|AMX-13
AMX-13
The AMX-13 is a French light tank produced from 1953 to 1985. It served with the French Army and was exported to over twenty-five other nations...
|| || Light tank
Light tank
A light tank is a tank variant initially designed for rapid movement, and now primarily employed in low-intensity conflict. Early light tanks were generally armed and armored similar to an armored car, but used tracks in order to provide better cross-country mobility.The light tank was a major...
|| 300 || ||
|-
|FV101 Scorpion 90
FV101 Scorpion
The FV101 Scorpion is a British armoured reconnaissance vehicle. It was the lead vehicle and the fire support type in the Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance , CVR, family of seven armoured vehicles...
|| || Light tank || 85 || ||
Armoured Personnel Carrier
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Model! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Origin
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Type
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Quantity
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Acquired
! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"| Notes
|-
|AMX-VTT
AMX-VCI
The AMX-VCI is one of the many variants of the French AMX-13 light tank. It was the front line APC of the French Army until replaced by the AMX-10P.- History :...
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 200 || ||
|-
|VAB
Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé
The Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé or VAB is an armoured personnel carrier and support vehicle designed by the Euro Mobilité Division of GIAT Industries of France. It entered service in 1976; around 5,000 were produced.- Design :The VAB was designed as a wheeled troop transporter, complementing the...
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 46 || || 14 were originally supplied. Another 32 were acquired in 2006 for the Indonesian peacekeeping mission in Lebanon.
|-
|Alvis Stormer
Alvis Stormer
Alvis Stormer is a modern military armoured vehicle manufactured by the British company, Alvis Vickers, now BAE Systems Global Combat Systems....
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || ~70 || || Includes the armoured personnel carrier, command post, ambulance, recovery, logistics and bridge laying variants.
|-
|FV603 Saracen
Alvis Saracen
The FV603 Saracen is a six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier built by Alvis and used by the British army. It became a recognisable vehicle as a result of its part in the policing of Northern Ireland.-History:...
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 55 || || Some upgraded in the 1990s.
|-
|Cadillac Gage Ranger
Cadillac Gage Ranger
The Cadillac Gage Ranger is a 4×4 armored personnel carrier produced by Cadillac Gage. The largest customer was the United States Air Force which at one time had over 700. It is also used by Luxembourg and Indonesia...
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 22 || ||
|-
|BTR-152
BTR-152
The BTR-152 was a non-amphibious Soviet wheeled armored personnel carrier that entered Soviet service in 1950. By the early 1970s it had been replaced in the infantry vehicle role by the BTR-60...
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 150 || ||
|-
| Casspir
Casspir
The Casspir is a landmine-protected personnel carrier that has been in use in South Africa for over 20 years. It is a four wheeled armoured vehicle, used for transport of troops. It can hold a crew of two, plus 12 additional soldiers and associated gear. The Casspir was unique in design when...
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || || || Mine protected armoured personnel carrier. used by Kopassus.
|-
|Pindad APS-3 || || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 154 || 2008–2010 || 20 units were received in February 2009, 40 were received in July 2009 while another 33 were received in Jan 2010.
|-
|Pindad APR-1V
Pindad Panser
The Anoa is a 6x6 armoured personnel carrier developed by PT Pindad of Indonesia. The vehicle is named after the Anoa, which is a type of buffalo indigenous to Indonesia...
|| || Armoured Personnel Carrier || 14 || 2004 || Early predecessor to the Pindad PS-3. Based on a commercial Isuzu
Isuzu
, is a Japanese car, commercial vehicle and heavy truck manufacturing company, headquartered in Tokyo. In 2005, Isuzu became the world's largest manufacturer of medium to heavy duty trucks. It has assembly and manufacturing plants in the Japanese city of Fujisawa, as well as in the prefectures...
truck chassis. Follow on orders cancelled following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
Armoured Car
| Model | Origin | Type | Quantity | Acquired | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FV601 Saladin Alvis Saladin The Saladin is a six-wheeled armoured car built by Alvis, and fitted with a 76mm gun.Used extensively by the British Army, it replaced the AEC Armoured Car that had been in service since World War II.-History:... |
Armoured Car | 69 | |||
| Ferret Ferret armoured car The Ferret armoured car, also commonly called the Ferret Scout car, is a British armoured fighting vehicle designed and built for reconnaissance purposes. The Ferret was produced between 1952 and 1971 by the UK company, Daimler... |
Armoured Car | 55 | |||
| Cadillac Gage Commando | Armoured Car | 108 | Includes 58 V-150 series, and 50 V-100 series models. | ||
| Cadillac Gage Scout | Armoured Car | 26 | 1983 | ||
| BTR-40 BTR-40 The BTR-40 is a Soviet non-amphibious, wheeled armoured personnel carrier and reconnaissance vehicle. It is often referred to as the Sorokovka in Soviet service. It is also the first mass-produced Soviet APC... |
Armoured Car | 100-130 | 1963–1965 | Locally modified from armoured personnel carrier to armoured reconnaissance variants. | |
| VBL | Armoured Car | 36 | |||
| P2 Komando | Armoured Car |
Utility, Support, and Logistics vehicles
| Model | Origin | Type | Quantity | Acquired | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M151 MUTT | Light utility vehicle Light Utility Vehicle Light utility vehicle is a general term for small, jeep-like military trucks for tactical use. They are generally short, relatively light compared to other trucks and cars, unarmored with 4-wheel drive and short body overhangs for all-terrain mobility and at least 4 passenger capacity... |
||||
| Renault Sherpa 2 Renault Sherpa 2 The Sherpa Light Scout is one of the six versions of the SHERPA LIGHT family of 4x4 tactical and light armoured vehicles developed by Renault Trucks Defense. Available in unarmoured or armoured variants , the Scout is ideally suited for tactical missions such as scouting, patrol, convoy escort and... |
Light utility vehicle Light Utility Vehicle Light utility vehicle is a general term for small, jeep-like military trucks for tactical use. They are generally short, relatively light compared to other trucks and cars, unarmored with 4-wheel drive and short body overhangs for all-terrain mobility and at least 4 passenger capacity... |
30 | July 2011 | Announced in July 2011 | |
| Land Rover Land Rover Series The Land Rover Series I, II, and III are off-road vehicles produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover that were inspired by the US-built Willys Jeep... LWB |
Light utility vehicle | ||||
| Steyr Puch Haflinger 700 AP | Light utility vehicle | ||||
| Nissan Q4W73 | Light truck | ||||
| DAF DAF -Science, nature and technology:* Decay accelerating factor, a protein involved in the complement system* Delayed auditory feedback, a device used to delay a person's voice to their own ear, which reduces stuttering and cluttering... YA400 |
Transport truck | ||||
| Unimog Unimog Unimog is a range of multi-purpose auto four wheel drive medium trucks produced by Mercedes-Benz, a division of Daimler AG. The name Unimog is pronounced in German and is an acronym for the German "UNIversal-MOtor-Gerät", Gerät being the German word for machine or device... |
Medium truck | ||||
| Steyr 680M | Medium truck | ||||
| Bedford MK Bedford TK The Bedford TK is a truck that was produced by the Vauxhall Motors-owned Bedford Vehicles company.-History and use:The TK range replaced the S type in 1959, and served as the basis for a variety of derivatives, including fire engines, military, horse boxes, tippers, flatbed trucks, and other... |
Light truck | ||||
| Steyr 17M29 | Medium truck | ||||
| Cakra FAV | Fast attack vehicle Desert Patrol Vehicle The Desert Patrol Vehicle , formerly called the Fast Attack Vehicle , is a high-speed, lightly armored sandrail-like vehicle first used in combat during the Gulf War in 1991. Due to their dash speed and off-road mobility, the DPVs were used extensively during Operation Desert Storm. The first U.S... |
Artillery and Air Defence Systems
| Model | Origin | Type | Quantity | Acquired | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDL-40 | Multiple rocket launcher Multiple rocket launcher A multiple rocket launcher is a type of unguided rocket artillery system. Like other rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers are less accurate and have a much lower rate of fire than batteries of traditional artillery guns... |
40 | 77 mm rockets. Built by PTDI Indonesian Aerospace Indonesian Aerospace ) is an Indonesian aerospace company in Asia involved in aircraft design, development and manufacturing of civilian and military regional commuter aircraft. The company was formerly known as Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara... |
||
| RM-70 | Multiple rocket launcher Multiple rocket launcher A multiple rocket launcher is a type of unguided rocket artillery system. Like other rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers are less accurate and have a much lower rate of fire than batteries of traditional artillery guns... |
20 | |||
| BM-14 BM-14 The BM-14 , is a Soviet-made 140mm multiple rocket launcher, fielded by the Soviet Union.The BM-14 can fire rockets fitted with chemical , smoke or high-explosive fragmentation warheads... |
Multiple rocket launcher Multiple rocket launcher A multiple rocket launcher is a type of unguided rocket artillery system. Like other rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers are less accurate and have a much lower rate of fire than batteries of traditional artillery guns... |
24 | |||
| Bofors 40 mm | Anti-aircraft artillery | ||||
| KH 178 105mm M101 howitzer The 105 mm M2A1 howitzer was the standard light field howitzer for the United States in World War II, seeing action in both European and Pacific theaters. Entering production in 1941, it quickly entered the war against the Imperial Japanese Army in the Pacific, where it gained a reputation... |
Towed artillery | 54 | |||
| FH-2000 FH-2000 The FH-2000 or Field Howitzer 2000 was developed by Singapore Technologies for Singapore Army. It is a 155 mm/52-calibre towed howitzer gun. It fires projectiles to a maximum range of 42 kilometers using special extended range ammunition, that was field tested in New Zealand... |
Towed artillery | 8 | |||
| Poprad | Short Ranged Surface-to-air missile | 6 | |||
| Rapier missile Rapier missile Rapier is a British surface-to-air missile developed for the British Army and Royal Air Force. Entering service in 1971, it eventually replaced all other anti-aircraft weapons in Army service; guns for low-altitude targets, and the English Electric Thunderbird, used against longer-range and... |
Surface-to-air missile Surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles... |
120 | |||
| RBS-70 | Surface-to-air missile Surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles... |
45 | |||
| Mistral (missile) | Surface-to-air missile Surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles... |
Aircraft
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aero Commander Aero Commander (aircraft) The Aero Commander 500 is the first in a series of light-twin piston-engined aircraft originally built by the Aero Design and Engineering Company in the late 1940s. In 1950 it became the Aero Commander company, and a division of Rockwell International from 1965. The initial production version was... |
utility transport | 680 | 3 | ||
| AH-64 Apache AH-64 Apache The Boeing AH-64 Apache is a four-blade, twin-engine attack helicopter with a tailwheel-type landing gear arrangement, and a tandem cockpit for a two-man crew. The Apache was developed as Model 77 by Hughes Helicopters for the United States Army's Advanced Attack Helicopter program to replace the... |
Attack helicopter | 0 | 8 on order | ||
| Bell 47 Bell 47 The Bell 47 is a two-bladed, single engine, light helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. Based on the third Model 30 prototype, Bell's first helicopter designed by Arthur M. Young, the Bell 47 became the first helicopter certified for civilian use on 8 March 1946... |
utility helicopter | 47G | 10 | ||
| Bell UH-1 Iroquois | utility helicopter | UH-1D | 10 | ||
| Bell 412 Bell 412 The Bell 412 is a utility helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It is a development of the Bell 212 model, the major difference being the composite four-blade main rotor.-Design and development:... |
/ | transport helicopter | 412 412SP |
14 14 |
Built under license by PTDI Indonesian Aerospace Indonesian Aerospace ) is an Indonesian aerospace company in Asia involved in aircraft design, development and manufacturing of civilian and military regional commuter aircraft. The company was formerly known as Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara... |
| Britten-Norman Islander Britten-Norman Islander The Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander is a 1960s British light utility aircraft, regional airliner and cargo aircraft designed and originally manufactured by Britten-Norman of the United Kingdom. The Islander is one of the best-selling commercial aircraft types produced in Europe. Although designed in... |
utility transport | BN-2A | 1 | ||
| CASA C-212 Aviocar | / | tactical transport | 4 | Built under license by PTDI Indonesian Aerospace Indonesian Aerospace ) is an Indonesian aerospace company in Asia involved in aircraft design, development and manufacturing of civilian and military regional commuter aircraft. The company was formerly known as Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara... |
|
| Cessna 310 Cessna 310 The Cessna 310 is an American six-seat, low-wing, twin-engined monoplane that was produced by Cessna between 1954 and 1980. It was the first twin-engined aircraft that Cessna put into production after World War II.-Development:... |
utility transport | 4 | |||
| Douglas DC-3 Douglas DC-3 The Douglas DC-3 is an American fixed-wing propeller-driven aircraft whose speed and range revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s. Its lasting impact on the airline industry and World War II makes it one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made... |
tactical transport | C-47 | 2 | ||
| Eurocopter Bo 105 | / | utility helicopter | 30 | Built under license by PTDI Indonesian Aerospace Indonesian Aerospace ) is an Indonesian aerospace company in Asia involved in aircraft design, development and manufacturing of civilian and military regional commuter aircraft. The company was formerly known as Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara... |
|
| Mil Mi-17 Hip-H Mil Mi-17 The Mil Mi-17 is a Russian helicopter currently in production at two factories in Kazan and Ulan-Ude... |
transport & light attack helicopter | Mi-17-V5 | 16 | ||
| Mil Mi-35 Hind Mil Mi-24 The Mil Mi-24 is a large helicopter gunship and attack helicopter and low-capacity troop transport with room for 8 passengers. It is produced by Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant and operated since 1972 by the Soviet Air Force, its successors, and by over thirty other nations.In NATO circles the export... |
attack helicopter | Mi-35 Hind-F | 8 | ||
| Schweizer 300 | utility helicopter | 300C | 6 |
List of Army Chief of Staffs
- Col. GPH Djatikusumo (1948–1949)
- Col. AH Nasution (1949–1952)
- Col. / Maj. Gen. Bambang Sugeng (1952–1955)
- Maj. Gen. Bambang Utoyo (1955)
- Maj. Gen. AH Nasution (1955–1962)
- Let. Gen. Ahmad YaniAhmad YaniGeneral Ahmad Yani was the commander of the Indonesian Army, and was killed by members of the 30 September Movement during an attempt to kidnap him from his house.-Early life:...
(1962–1965) - Maj. Gen. Pranoto Reksosamudra (temporary) (1965)https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/docs/v14i2a02p_0007.htm
- Maj. Gen. Suharto (1965–1967)
- Gen. Maraden PanggabeanMaraden PanggabeanMaraden Saur Halomoan Panggabean or more commonly known as Maraden Panggabean was a prominent Indonesian General during the early years of General Suharto's New Order regime.-Early life:...
(1967–1969) - Gen. Umar WirahadikusumahUmar Wirahadikusumahwas the fourth Indonesian Vice President; he served from 1983 to 1988.-Early life:Umar Wirahadikusumah was born on 10 October 1924 to Raden Rangga Wirahadikusumah and Raden Ratnaringrum...
(1969–1973) - Gen. Surono (1973–1974)
- Gen. Makmun Murod (1974–1978)
- Gen. Widodo (1978–1980)
- Gen. Poniman (1980–1983)
- Gen. Rudini (1983–1986)
- Gen. Try SutrisnoTry SutrisnoTry Sutrisno was Indonesia's sixth vice president from 1993 to 1998.-Early life:Try Sutrisno was born on 15 November 1935 in Surabaya, East Java. His father Subandi was an ambulance driver, and his mother Mardiyah was a housewife. After the Indonesian Proclamation of Independence, the Dutch...
(1986–1988) - Gen. Edi Sudrajat (1988–1993)
- Gen. Wismoyo Arismunandar (1993–1995)
- Gen. Hartono (1995–1997)
- Gen. WirantoWirantoWiranto is a retired Indonesian army General. He was Commander of the military of Indonesia from February 1998 to October 1999, and ran unsuccessfully for President of Indonesia in 2004 and the vice-presidency in 2009....
(1997–1998) - Gen. Subagyo Hadi Siswoyo (1998–1999)
- Gen. Tyasno Sudarto (1999–2000)
- Gen. Endriartono Sutarto (2000–2002)
- Gen. Ryamizard Ryacudu (2002–2005)
- Gen. Djoko SantosoDjoko SantosoGeneral Djoko Santoso is a retired Indonesian general. He was Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army from 2005 to 2007. The was then appointed to the highest military office, that of Commander of the Armed Forces of Indonesia, in which capacity he served from 2007 until his retirement in...
(2005–2008) - Gen. Agustadi Sasongko Purnomo (2008–2009)
- Gen. George Toisutta (2009–2011)
- Gen. Pramono Edhie Wibowo (2011-present)
External links
- IndoWiki KODAMs
- Official website of TNI-AD (Army)
- GlobalSecurity.org : Indonesia
- Unofficial site of Indonesian Armed Forces
- Unofficial site of Indonesian Special Forces
- Jane's Intelligence Review - January 1997 and March 1997
- Indonesian Civil-Military Relations - Civil-Military Relations in Post-Suharto Indonesia and the Implications for Democracy Today: A Preliminary Analysis
- Israel, Fauzi. Tactical Assault & Combat Training. 2008
- "ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet"