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Indio, California
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Indio is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, located in the Coachella Valley of Southern California's desert region. It lies east of Palm Springs, east of Riverside, east of San Bernardino, and east of Los Angeles. The population was 49,116 at the 2000 census. The word indio is Spanish for Indian.
town was laid out in 1894 by A.G. Tingman, a Southern Pacific Railroad construction boss. Tingman was also Indio's first storekeeper and postmaster.
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Encyclopedia
Indio is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, located in the Coachella Valley of Southern California's desert region. It lies east of Palm Springs, east of Riverside, east of San Bernardino, and east of Los Angeles. The population was 49,116 at the 2000 census. The word indio is Spanish for Indian.
History
The town was laid out in 1894 by A.G. Tingman, a Southern Pacific Railroad construction boss. Tingman was also Indio's first storekeeper and postmaster. Millionaire land owner and railroad tycoon Henry E. Huntington of Los Angeles jointly funded the town site. A previous small "gulch" in the 1880s known as Indian Wells was in the current day intersection of Bliss Avenue and Fargo Street, founded in the site where a Cahuilla Indian village Tekwit was due to proximity to natural Artesian water wells.
Indio was chosen as a railroad stop because it was the halfway point between Los Angeles and Yuma, Arizona. Tingman Avenue--once downtown Indio's main street--was named in Tingman's honor. Tingman Avenue was removed in the early 1960s during the construction of a highway overpass on Jackson Street designed to eliminate a railroad grade crossing and traffic congestion along Indio Boulevard (old Highway 99). Another over-the-track bridge, Auto Center (now Golf Center) Drive, an extension of State Route 111 opened in 1977, and the Monroe Street bridge opened in 1989.
Today, the Southern Pacific's successor, the Union Pacific Railroad maintains that original rail corridor as the main transcontinental line between Los Angeles and New Orleans, Louisiana, but the large train switching yard that brought Indio growth over the years is gone, moved to Colton several years ago, and also the coming of U.S. Route 99 in 1926 contributed to Indio's growth. Once California's main north-south highway, US 99 was decommissioned in 1964. Its present-day replacements are State Route 111, State Route 86 and Interstate 10. However, locals still used Indio Blvd., declared "Historic Route US 99" in 2001 as a major traffic artery. The historic route is part of Indio's "East Valley renaissance" of renewed economic growth and expanding tourism.
The original 1903 railroad station, a two-story wooden structure unique to the Southern Pacific, burned to the ground in 1966. Some of the station's artifacts were salvaged, and can be viewed at the Coachella Valley Historic Museum and Cultural Center in downtown Indio. The Southern Pacific rail depot is east of Jackson Street on 45th Avenue, but the railroad's regional headquarters moved to Colton near San Bernardino, California in 1990.
The other major business in Indio was the aerospace/military defense contractor, Giannini Research Institute moved in 1967, but its facility closed in 1985. The city had unemployment rates (in some cases over 20 percent) in the late 20th century, but the current rate for 2006 is under 5 percent after the local economy rebounded when more affluent new residents moved in.
The aforementioned present-day Indio Boulevard was the site of the world's first use of a painted line to delineate lanes of traffic in 1915. This innovation was spearheaded by Dr. June McCarroll for whom a stretch of Interstate 10 through the city is named. The I-10 was constructed in the mid-1970s when Indio was smaller, so the route bypasses the city, reducing traffic downtown. As a result, business activity declined in the 1980s and 1990s. Today, Indio is growing and developing the area along I-10; more drivers notice the city, and can take an off-ramp to downtown Indio.
The site of the Coachella Valley Historic Museum and Cultural Center was the home of Dr. Reynaldo Carreon. Dr. Carreon, the area's first doctor, opened a hospital in 1933. The hospital was later torn down for the Larson Justice Center, a county courthouse and prison. The Carreon ranch was given to John Nobles in the 1940s, established a mostly black residential area known as "Nobles Ranch" (on the original site of the Indio Polo Club), and his home was demolished in 2004 to make way for a shopping center.
Geography
Indio is located at (33.719871, -116.231889).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land and 0.04% is water.
The telephone area code is 760 (was 714 and 619 in the past, but Indio and the Coachella Valley are expected to have a new area code by 2009). The city's Zip codes are 92201 and 92203 north of Interstate 10.
About north and east of Indio is the San Andreas Fault, a major tectonic plate boundary of the Pacific and North American plates.
Indio has the Riverside county's eastern branch offices, because Indio was historically the main population center of the Coachella valley, except when Palm Springs had more people from 1955 to 1992, when the US census announced Indio surpassed Palm Springs and that title was returned to them.
The official elevation of Indio is below sea level, the city hall is below sea level, as the Eastern half of the Coachella valley drops as low as below sea level (the lake shore of the Salton Sea is South of Indio).
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 49,116 people, 13,871 households, and 11,069 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,840.3 people per square mile (710.5/km²). There were 16,909 housing units at an average density of 633.6/sq mi (244.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 44.4% White, 2.77% Black, 1.04% Native American, 1.51% Asian American, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 42.02% from other races, and 3.89% from two or more races. 65.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 13,871 households out of which 48.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% were married couples living together, 16.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 16.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.48 and the average family size was 3.88.
In the city the population was spread out with 35.3% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 15.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $34,624, and the median income for a family was $35,564. Males had a median income of $25,651 versus $21,093 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,525. About 16.8% of families and 21.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.2% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.
Agriculture
Indio has been one of Southern California's most important agricultural regions, once responsible for a large percentage of the nation's date crop; however, with all the new residential and recreational development, the date groves are now more limited to south and southeast of Indio. Even the grove of date palms at the Riverside County Date Festival fairgrounds has been torn out by the county. Travelers from around the world still can stop by Shields Date Gardens, a date grower that maintains a large retail store along State Highway 111 in Indio. There are citrus groves and vegetable fields surrounding the city limits, but rapid development of new housing tracts and golf courses in the "East Valley" in the 1990s and 2000s has displaced most of the agricultural space.
Arts and culture
Annual events
There are two major regularly-scheduled annual festivals held in Indio. Among them are the Riverside County Fair and National Date Festival held each February at the Riverside County Fairgrounds has been known internationally as the celebration of the area's main harvest time for date fruits. And the city's own world-famous Indio International Tamale Festival held each December. The Tamale Festival has earned two Guinness World Records: one for the largest tamale festival and the other for creating the world's largest tamale, created by Chef John Sedlar (over in diameter and long). Also, in the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records states the, "Tamale festival is the world's largest cooking and culinary festival."
Indio has been the location of the world famous Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival since 1999 at the Empire Polo grounds. Rolling Stone magazine called it one of the most beautiful festival sites in the world. Expanded to 3 days for May 2007, the festival has also announced that an all-country weekend will be added, featuring performances by Willie Nelson, George Strait, Kenny Chesney, Lucinda Williams, Sugarland, and others yet to be named. The Date Festival/County Fairgrounds' Shalimar Stadium is the site for live music concerts (mostly amateur bands), 4x4 monster truck rallies, rodeo or horse riding events, and world-famous camel races during the National Date Festival.
There are other festivals and special events and the Chamber of Commerce created Indio's official nickname: "The City Of Festivals." Indio is also the site of the annual Southwest Arts Festival at the Empire Polo Club, the Cabazon Indian National Pow Wow in November at Fantasy Springs Casino, the Palm Springs Kennel Club's Annual Dog Show at the Empire Polo Club held in January, the Family Motor Coach Association's Annual Western Region RV Rally at the Riverside County Fairgrounds in January, and the U.S. Field Hockey Association's annual Hockey Festival held at Empire Polo in every November. In nearby Coachella, the city holds an annual Cinco de Mayo event and the Mexican Independence Day parade represents the area's largely Hispanic culture.
Points of interest
Indio Hills Palms, state park property, are native California fan palms that thrive in many locations but rarely in such numbers as in the canyons of the Indio Hills. Here, along a line where the San Andreas fault captures groundwater that nurtures the palms, is a wild parkland which is part of the adjacent Coachella Valley Preserve. The park contains some fine native palm groves that include Indian, Hidden, Pushawalla, Biskra, Macomber and Horseshoe palms. The nearest palm groves are relatively easy to reach from the trailhead and parking area north of Indio. There are currently no marked access roads to the property.
Indio's old town historic mural program
In the fall of 1996 the Indio Chamber of Commerce formed a committee to develop a Historic Mural Project to help revitalize the local economy at the time of the statewide economic recession, as Indio was one of California's most economically affected areas at the time. This concept is not new. Several communities have benefited from similar programs, such as Chemainus, Canada; El Paso, Texas; and Eureka, Bishop, Needles, & 29 Palms in California, as well the famous Chicano Park mural to commemorate Hispanic-American life in Barrio Logan, San Diego in the late 1970s.
It began with a suggestion to start a mural project first brought to the city by David Hernandez, a former Indio city council member, after he visited Chemainus. Very little happened with this concept until 1996, when the Riverside County National Date Festival's executive director Bruce Latta and commissioned artist Bill Weber of San Francisco to paint a mural of the Taj Mahal on the Taj Mahal (Garden of Allah) building at the fairgrounds. At the same time, local businessman Bruce Clark, who was instrumental in promoting Historic U.S. Route 99 (Indio Blvd.) to its former status as the Main Street of California, brought the mural idea forward again, after seeing the success of a similar program in 29 Palms. When Clark presented the idea to the chamber board of directors, the timing and membership was right and the idea was immediately recognized as something that could provide a major impact on city economics, pride and tourism. Indio since now has ten murals about the city's history and development on the sides of various buildings in old town.
Politics
In the state legislature Indio is located in the 40th Senate District, represented by Democrat Denise Moreno Ducheny, and in the 80th Assembly District, represented by Republican Bonnie Garcia. Federally, Indio is located in California's 45th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of R +3 and is represented by Republican Mary Bono Mack.
The growth in population increased political representation, as the area (including Palm Desert, California) are covered by the 45th and 46th US congressional, and 64th and 80th state assembly districts, created by each city's partisan majorities (Monroe Street and Interstate 10, where the elevation is sea level, also is a political representative boundary-mostly Democrat to the east, mostly Republican west), signified the city's new socioeconomic divide, replaced the older north/south divide of Indio Boulevard and State Route 111. Recently, Interstate 10 from Monroe street to the Cabazon Indian reservation became another socioeconomic divide.
According to the Riverside County board of voter registration, the majority are affiliated with the Democrats while most of the Coachella Valley (except for Palm Springs) is the opposite for most affiliated with the Republicans. In recent years, new residents are usually Republican, while oldtimers tend to be Democrat and these two demographic factors are rapidly growing.
Education
Indio is served by two public school districts: Desert Sands Unified School District and on the city's south eastern corner Coachella Valley Unified School District. The headquarters are located in La Quinta has the Horizon independent studies School for all grades. Indio's 6 grade schools and 2 middle schools are highly rated under the California Distinguished Schools program. Because of Indio's growing population and above-average number of young people with family size, the two school districts are building new schools and have plans to build additional schools for several more years, along with remodeling the older schools with new buildings and designs.
Public schools in and near Indio:
Desert Sands Unified School district
Herbert Hoover, Theodore Roosevelt, Martin Van Buren, Dwight Eisenhower, Andrew Jackson, Dr. Reynaldo Carreon, Amelia Earhart, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, James Madison, Carrillo Ranch, a new grade school opens in 2009, and Horizon Grade School (independent studies).
- Middle/Junior High schools (grades 6-8):
Thomas Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson, Indio Middle School- a Charter School (California Distinguished School), John Glenn(a California Distinguished School), a proposed middle school to open in 2009, and Horizon Middle School (independent studies).
- High schools (grades 9-12):
Indio High School, La Quinta High School in nearby La Quinta, and a new high school slated to open in 2008. Amistad High School, a continuation high school and Horizon High School (independent studies) in La Quinta.
Coachella Valley district schools
Mountain Vista Elementary School (K-5), Cahuilla Desert Academy, a public middle school (6-8) and Coachella Valley High School in Thermal.
Two private schools serve the city: Indio Community School under Riverside County board of education and Eagles' Peak Charter School (formerly Indio Charter School), and one Christian school: Desert Christian High School/Grade school in nearby Bermuda Dunes.
College of the Desert, the valley's community college has a campus facility in the Riverside County Employment Developmental Center opened in 2002 on Monroe Street in Indio and it has expanded its classes to a new "East Valley" Educational center in Mecca. Riverside County has a Regional Occupational Program facility in Indio that provides vocational educational courses in the Coachella valley's job market.
Media
Three daily newspapers serve Indio, the Desert Sun, Riverside-based the Press-Enterprise and the Los Angeles Times are available in markets, coffee shops and book stores. Two weekly papers, The Indio Sun owned by the Desert Sun is focused on local news and issues, and the Desert Post Weekly and the D from the Press-Enterprise, are artistic/pop culture variety papers.
Indio has ten local television stations serving the Coachella Valley, and six Spanish-language networks (local or regional affiliates like KUNA-LP and KVER-CA), some are over-air signals from Mexico. About eight Los Angeles television stations are available on cable and satellite service.
Three out of 20 Palm Springs area's radio stations are licensed to Indio: KESQ 1400 AM (in Spanish) owned by KESQ-TV/KDFX-CA, KKUU 92.7 FM (Urban/Hip-hop/R&B) owned by Morris Communications, and smooth jazz KJJZ 102.3 FM owned by RM Broadcasting. However, none of the stations have their offices or studios in Indio. KESQ is located in Palm Desert; both KKUU and KJJZ are located in Palm Springs.
Public Safety
Law enforcement is covered by the Indio Police Department, where Bradley Ramos is the current police chief. There is also a regional station of the Riverside County Sheriff's Department just two blocks south of the Riverside County Fairgrounds;the deputies assigned here protect the nearby Cities of Coachella, La Quinta, and the unincorporated towns of Thermal, Mecca, Bermuda Dunes and the Augustine Indian Reservation.The city has recently disbanded its fire department and now contracts for fire protection and emergency medical services(EMS) with the Riverside County Fire Department through a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection(Cal Fire). Indio has 4 fire stations with 4 engine companies, 3 paramedic ambulances and 1 truck company.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Bermuda Dunes Airport (FAA designator: UDD) is on the north-western border of Indio, along the I-10 Freeway just west of Jefferson Street. It has a runway and serves small private planes, air carriers and commuter jets. The Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport in Thermal just a few minutes from Indio is named for the famous 1920s pilot and Indio resident and used for cargo planes to ship agricultural products, also on the four-lane California State Route 86S expressway or the "NAFTA highway" (in reference to the North American Free Trade Agreement) for international traffic.
The Greyhound and Amtrak passenger buses have a highly-used bus depot in downtown Indio, where buses stop by regularly on the way to stops in Southern California, Arizona and the Mexican border. A recently-approved plan for a new transportation center for Greyhound and Amtrak will break ground and open for service as early as Sep. 2010. The city is part of the local SunBus line, which services much of the Coachella Valley. Its substation is located on Highway 111 and Golf Center Drive, part of business route 10 that connects Indio and Coachella.
Health care
John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital is a General Acute Care Hospital in Indio with Basic Emergency Services as of 2006. One of three hospitals in the Coachella Valley, JFK hospital boasts to being one of the state's busiest maternity wards and in 2005, opened a new maternity center in part of hospital expansion plan for more surgical rooms, intensive care units and a new concrete emergency heliport. The Indio (renamed John F. Kennedy) hospital opened in a new location in 1983 on land donated by Dr. Carreon himself.
Notable natives and residents
- JT Thomas - Writer - attended Indio High School.
- Vanessa Marcil - Actress - attended Indio High School.
- Cameron Crowe - Writer/Director - attended Indio High School and the High School renamed their performing arts center for him.
- Ed White (football) - San Diego Chargers/Minnesota Vikings lineman. Played for Indio High School in the early 1960s. The high school football stadium was named for him.
- Lisa Hernandez of KABC-TV - Los Angeles news anchorwoman, graduated from Indio High School in the late-1990s.
- Marco Sanchez - Actor - Seaquest DSV. Graduated from Indio High School in the early-1990s.
- Rich Newey - Music Video/Commercial/Film Director grew up in Bermuda Dunes and went to La Quinta Middle School before graduating.
- Oscar Lua - USC college football. Attended Indio High School in the early-2000s.
- Gerik Baxter - Baseball player. Draft pick of the San Diego Padres. Killed in an auto accident in 2002 on Interstate 10. He was playing baseball at the time in Lake Elsinore, CA.
- Jeff Webb of the Kansas City Chiefs went to Indio Middle School before attending La Quinta High.
- Al Adamson - Writer/producer/director/actor - Psycho A Go-Go - was living on Avenue 49, Indio when he was murdered by Fred Fulford in August 1995.
- Bill Snyder - Head football coach of the Kansas State University Wildcats from 1989-2005 & 2009-present was head football coach at Indio High School during the 1960s and 1970s.
In the past, celebrities such as Humphrey Bogart, Clark Gable and Frank Sinatra are known to visited Indio in the 1950s, often their private air planes arrived in the Indio Airport closed in 1960 and the landing strips became a residential area. Current renowned residents are actor William Devane and farm labor activist Sam Maestas, and the city's Indian Palms and Indian Springs country clubs are places for celebrity star-sightings, such as Lindsay Lohan and Salma Hayek. Local rumor has it that Anna Nicole Smith had a vacation home in Indio and visited Lake Cahuilla with her son, Daniel Smith, as the trip was featured in an episode of The Anna Nicole Show.
Perhaps the most notable resident in the 1940s was Lieutenant-General George Patton, he visited Indio often during his training of U.S troops at nearby Camp Young during World War II. His wife Bea Patton had a home, known as Whittier Ranch in Indio, but he mostly stayed on base with his troops. The recently restored home still stands today on the corner of Jackson Street and Avenue 48 and will stay in its current location when sold to a private buyer. Recently, three of the over 5,000 War in Iraq soldier causalities lived in Indio, but one Jesus Gonzalez is an Indio native, has a memorial plaque dedicated to him in the Civic Center.
Miscellaneous
- Indio has annual extremes due to its desert climate: An average 335 days of sunshine, and total of 156 days of high temperatures over 100F (37C).
- According to the National Weather Service, Indio has an approximate yearly average temperature of 89.0F (High) and 57.9F (Low).
- The annual National Date Festival's main attraction is the nightly musical pageant Arabian Nights in an open air amphitheater and the grandstand arena.
- After the National Date festival, a "SuperFiesta del Sinaloa" follows to honor Indio's historic ties with the Mexican state of Sinaloa, a large source of local immigration.
- Indio was once locally referred to as "the Hub of the Valley", the city Chamber of Commerce jingle in the 1970s.
- A little league record-holding batter from Indio was one of the talented youth athletes on the intro of sports comedy movie Jerry Maguire.
- In Oct. 2006, Indio approved a US Olympic training facility (for basketball and ice skating) to complete in 2008, may be open to the public.
- Indio eyes on a minor league baseball team, after several years of attempts to draw owners and stadium projects (such as in the north side of town in 1995), but may have one in the near future.
- The Landmark Golf Club opened in 1998 had the Skins Game for four years. It is now known as Terra Lago. Indio has several other golf courses: such as the Plantation, Heritage Palms, Sun City Shadow Hills, Indian Springs and Indian Palms.
- Indio (municipal) Golf Club is the second longest par-3 executive course in the USA. The course is open until 10:00 pm thanks to the new lighting upgrades.
- Indio has two world famous polo clubs: Empire and Eldorado on the city's southwestern end that hold annual polo and special events. Prince Charles of England and former Duchess of York Sarah Ferguson were seen in the polo clubs.
- Indio is officially a national bird sanctuary, due to winter bird flight migration routes cross the area, on route to the Salton Sea.
- In 2001, Forbes magazine designated Indio west of Monroe street (and nearby La Quinta, Bermuda Dunes and Indian Wells ) as one of America's wealthiest areas.
- Huell Howser's state travel show California Gold stopped by "Old Town Indio" to report on the city's older dwellings had swamp coolers for permanent residents to stay cool in the summer.
- Indio had city-to-city economic exchange programs with Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico in the Sister Cities International (SCI) program. There are similar inter-city exchange agreements with Lynwood, California and American Fork, Utah both in the U.S..
- The Jackie & Bender morning shows Harry Potter E! True Hollywood Story parody mentions Indio as the town that Harry Potter is arrested in during a Meth lab bust.
- October 11, 1991 Jimmy Swaggart was pulled over into an Indio gas station off Indio Blvd. Swaggart was with the company of a prostitute that admitted that Swaggart had propositioned for sex.
- 1955 - Location for film, "The Beast with 1 Million Eyes", starring Dona Cole and Chester Conklin.
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