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The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages
Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a Language family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau , Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ....
 that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans
Balkans

The Balkans is the historical name of a geographic subregion of southeastern Europe. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains, which run through the centre of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia....
  in former times by groups identified as Illyrians
Illyrians

Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined "Indo-European languages" group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans and even possibly Messapia in Southern Italy ....
: Delmatae, Pannoni, Illyrians, Autariates, Taulanti (see List of Illyrian tribes
List of Illyrian tribes

This is a list of Illyrian tribes, including possibly or partly Illyrian tribes, and tribes that inhabited the lands known as Illyria....
). Some sound-changes from Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European language

The Proto-Indo-European language is the unattested, linguistic reconstruction common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans....
 to Illyrian and other language features are deduced from what remains of the Illyrian languages, but because there are no examples of ancient Illyrian literature
Literature

Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" . In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and non-fiction....
 surviving (aside from the Messapian
Messapian language

Messapian is an extinct Indo-European languages of South-eastern Italy, once spoken in the region of Apulia. It was spoken by the three Iapygian tribes of the region: the Messapii, the Dauni and the Peucetii....
 writings if they can be considered Illyrian), it is difficult to clarify its place within the Indo-European language family.






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The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages
Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages are a Language family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most major languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau , Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent ....
 that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans
Balkans

The Balkans is the historical name of a geographic subregion of southeastern Europe. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains, which run through the centre of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia....
  in former times by groups identified as Illyrians
Illyrians

Illyrians has come to refer to a broad, ill-defined "Indo-European languages" group of peoples who inhabited the western Balkans and even possibly Messapia in Southern Italy ....
: Delmatae, Pannoni, Illyrians, Autariates, Taulanti (see List of Illyrian tribes
List of Illyrian tribes

This is a list of Illyrian tribes, including possibly or partly Illyrian tribes, and tribes that inhabited the lands known as Illyria....
). Some sound-changes from Proto-Indo-European
Proto-Indo-European language

The Proto-Indo-European language is the unattested, linguistic reconstruction common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans....
 to Illyrian and other language features are deduced from what remains of the Illyrian languages, but because there are no examples of ancient Illyrian literature
Literature

Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" . In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and non-fiction....
 surviving (aside from the Messapian
Messapian language

Messapian is an extinct Indo-European languages of South-eastern Italy, once spoken in the region of Apulia. It was spoken by the three Iapygian tribes of the region: the Messapii, the Dauni and the Peucetii....
 writings if they can be considered Illyrian), it is difficult to clarify its place within the Indo-European language family. Because of the uncertainty, most sources provisionally place Illyrian on its own branch of Indo-European, though its relation to other languages, ancient and modern, continues to be studied.

Language affinity

The Illyrian languages are part of the Indo-European language family. The relation of the Illyrian languages to other Indo-European languages---ancient and modern---is poorly understood due to the paucity of data and is still being examined. The Illyrian languages are often considered to be Centum dialects. Today, the main source of authoritative information about the Illyrian language consists of a handful of Illyrian words cited in classical sources, and numerous examples of Illyrian anthroponyms, ethnonyms, toponyms and hydronyms.

A grouping of Illyrian with the Messapian language
Messapian language

Messapian is an extinct Indo-European languages of South-eastern Italy, once spoken in the region of Apulia. It was spoken by the three Iapygian tribes of the region: the Messapii, the Dauni and the Peucetii....
 has been proposed for about a century, but remains an unproven hypothesis. The theory is based on classical sources, archaeology
Archaeology

Archaeology, archeology, or arch?ology is the science that studies Homo cultures through the recovery, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, Artifact , features, Biofact s, and cultural landscape....
, as well as onomastic considerations. Messapian material culture bears a number of similarities to Illyrian material culture. Some Messapian anthroponyms have close Illyrian equivalents.

A grouping of Illyrian with the Venetic language
Venetic language

Venetic is an extinct Indo-European languages that was spoken in ancient times in the North-Italy Veneto and modern Slovenia, between the Po River river delta and the southern fringe of the Alps....
 and Liburnian language
Liburnian language

The Liburnian language is an extinct language which was spoken by the ancient Liburnians, who occupied Liburnia in classical times. The Liburnian language is reckoned as an Indo-European language, in the Centum group....
, once spoken in northeastern Italy
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 and Liburnia
Liburnia

Liburnia in ancient geography was the land of the Liburnians, a region along the northeastern Adriatic coast in Europe, which is today part of Croatia, whose borders shifted according to the extent of Liburnian dominance at a given time between 11th and 1st century BC....
 respectively, is also proposed. The consensus now is that Illyrian was quite distinct from Venetic and Liburnian , however a close linguistic relation has not been ruled out and is still being investigated.

A number of 19th century scholars believed the modern Albanian language
Albanian language

Albanian is an Indo-European languages spoken by nearly 6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including the west of the Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and southern Serbia....
 to be descended from Illyrian. However, in modern linguistic thinking, the phylogenetic position of Albanian remains undetermined, though a Daco-Thracian affinity is favored by a small minority.

Outside influences

The Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek is the historical stage in the development of the Greek language spanning across the Archaic Greece , Classical Greece , and Hellenistic civilization periods of ancient Greece and the classical antiquity....
 language would have become an important external influence on Illyrian-speakers who occupied lands adjacent to ancient Greeks
Greeks

The Greeks , also known as Hellenes, are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions, who can also be found in Greek diaspora communities around the world....
. Invading Celts who settled on lands occupied by Illyrians brought the Illyrians into contact with the Celtic languages
Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic", a branch of the greater Indo-European languages language family. The term "Celtic" was used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, having much earlier been used by Greek and Roman writers to describe tribes in central Gaul....
. Intensive contact may have happened in what is now Bosnia
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country on the Balkans peninsula of South Eastern Europe with an area of 51,129 square kilometres . Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the south, Bosnia and Herzegovina is Landlocked#Nearly landlocked, except for 26 kilometres of the Adriatic Sea coas...
, Croatia
Croatia

Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a Central European country at the crossroads of Pannonian Plain, Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea....
, and Serbia
Serbia

Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....
. Because of this intensive contact, and because of conflicting classical sources, it is unclear whether some ancient tribes were Illyrian or Celtic (see for example Scordisci
Scordisci

The Scordisci were an ancient tribe centred in what would beceome the Roman Province of lower Pannonia, at the confluence of the Sava , Drava and Danube rivers ....
 and Iapodes) or mixed. Thracians
Thracians

The ancient Thracians were a group of Indo-European peoples who spoke the Thracian language - a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family....
 and Paionians also occupied lands populated by Illyrians, bringing Illyrians into contact with the Thracian language
Thracian language

The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times by the Thracians in South-Eastern Europe....
 and Paionian language
Paionian language

The Paionian language is the poorly attested language of the ancient Paionians, whose kingdom once stretched north of Macedon into Dardania and in earlier times into southwestern Thrace....
.

Yet it was not Greek, Celtic, Thracian, or Paionian, but Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 that would come to displace Illyrian above the Jirecek line
Jirecek Line

The Jirecek Line is an imaginary line through the ancient Balkans that divided the influences of the Latin and Greek language languages until the 4th century....
. The Romans
Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
 conquered all the lands in which Illyrian was spoken, and it is quite possible that Illyrian faded early in the Common era
Common Era

Common Era, abbreviated as CE, is a designation for the calendar system most commonly used in the Western world, and also internationally, for numbering the year part of the calendar date....
, perhaps even before the Slav
Slavic peoples

The Slavic Peoples are a linguistic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in eastern Europe. From the early 6th century they spread from their original homeland to inhabit most of eastern Central Europe, Eastern Europe and the Balkans....
ic invasion of the Balkans.

Illyrian words

Since there are no Illyrians texts, sources for identifying Illyrian words have been identified by Hans Krahe
Hans Krahe

Hans Krahe was a German philologist and linguistics, specializing over many decades in the Illyrian languages.Between 1936 and 1946 he was a professor at the University of W?rzburg, where he founded the Archiv f?r die Gew?ssernamen Deutschlands in 1942....
 as of four kinds: inscriptions, glosses of Illyrian words in Classical texts, names— including proper names (mostly inscribed on tombstones), toponyms and river names— and Illyrian loanwords in other languages. The last category has proved particularly contentious. The names occur in sources that range over more than a millennium, including numismatic evidence, as well as posited original forms of placenames (Krahe 1955). The only Illyrian inscription (Messapian inscriptions are treated separately and there is no consensus that they are to be reckoned as Illyrian) is, perhaps, on a spearhead found at Kovel
Kovel

Kovel is a city located in the Volyn Oblast , in north-western Ukraine. Serving as the Capital city of the Kovelsky Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast....
. A votive inscription on a ring found near Shkodër
Shkodër

Shkod?r is a city located on Lake Shkod?r in northwestern Albania in the District of Shkod?r, of which it is the capital. It is one of the oldest and most historic towns in Albania, as well as an important cultural and economic centre....
 which was initially interpreted as Illyrian was shown to actually be Byzantine Greek .

Only several Illyrian words are cited in Classical sources by Roman or Greek writers. Only four identified with an ethnonym Illyrii or Illurioí; others must be identified by indirect means:

attestation English meaning etymology
Etymology

Etymology is the study of the roots and history of words; and how their form and meaning have changed over time.In languages with a long detailed history, etymology makes use of philology, the study of how words change from culture to culture over time....
 		 cognate
Cognate

Cognates in linguistics are words that have a common etymology origin.An example of cognates within the same language would be English shirt vs....
s
abeis "snakes" PIE * cf. Latin anguis, Old High Germ unc, Lith angìs, Gk óchis "snake", echis "viper", Toch auk "snake", Arm auj, Russ už, Skt áhis, Av aži
bagaron "warm" PIE * cf. Phrygian bekos "bread", Eng bake, Lat focus "hearth", Irish goba "blacksmith", Gk phogein "to roast", Armenian bosor "red", bots "flame"
brisa "husk of grapes" PIE * cf. Alb bërsí "lees, dregs; mash", E broth, L defrutum "new wine boiled down", W brwd "brewage", OIr bruth "heat, wrath", Thrac br?tos "barley alcohol", br?tion "wine must", Gk apéphrysen "to seethe, boil"
deuádai "satyrs" PIE * cf. Skt dhunoti "he shakes", Gk thýein "to rage, seethe", théeion "sulfur vapor", Eng dizzy, Old English dwæs "foolish", Paeonian Dýalos "Dionysos", Latin furere "to rage", belua "wild animal", Old Irish dásacht "rage, fury", Lith dvesiù "to perish, die (animals)", Hitt tuhhai "to gasp"
mandos "small horse" PIE * cf. Alb mëz, mâz "poney", Thrac Mezenai "divine horseman", Mess Iuppiter Menzanas (divinity)
mantía "bramblebush" PIE * cf. Old and dial. Alb mandë, mod. Alb mën, man "berry, mulberry"
rhinos "fog, mist" PIE * cf. Old Alb ren, mod. Alb re, rê "cloud"
sabaia, sabaium, sabaius "a type of beer
Beer

Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. It is produced by the brewing and Fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal?the most common of which is malted barley, although wheat, maize , and rice are widely used....
" 		PIE * akin to Eng sap, Lat. sapere "to taste", Skt sabar "sap, juice, nektar", Avest. višapa "having poisonous juices", Arm ham, Greek apalós "tender, delicate", Old Church Slavonic sveptu "bee's honey"
sibina (Lat.), sibyna (Lat.), sybina (Lat.); s?ß??? (Gk.), s?ß???? (Gk.), s?ß??? (Gk.), ??ß??? (Gk.) Festius, citing Ennius
Ennius

Quintus Ennius was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman poetry. He was of Greeks descent....
; is compared to s?ß??? (Gk.), "flute case", a word found in Aristophanes
Aristophanes

Aristophanes , son of Philippus, of the deme Cydathenaus, was a prolific and much acclaimed comedy playwright of ancient Athens. Eleven of his forty plays have come down to us virtually complete....
' Thesmophoriazusai; the word appears in the context of a barbarian speaking 		"a hunting spear", generally, "a spear", "pike
Pike (weapon)

A pike is a pole weapon, a very long thrusting spear used two-handed and used extensively by infantry both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as a counter-measure against cavalry assaults....
" 		PIE * Cf. Persian zôpîn, Arm s?vin "a spit"


Some additional words have been extracted by linguists from toponyms, hydronyms, anthroponyms, etc.:

  • Agruvium "along the coast between Risinum and Butua": IE *agr; cf. Skt ájra? "pasture, field", L ager, Gk agrós, Goth akrs
  • Bindus "river god"; cf. Old Irish banne "drop", Skt bindú, vindú "drops, gob, spot", possibly Lat fons Bandusiae
  • Bosona, "Bosna river", literally "running water": IE *bheg, bhog "to run"; cf. OSl bežati "to flee, run", Lith bé(.)gti "to flee", Gk phébesthai "to flee", phóbos "fear", Alb boj "to drive, mate", Eng beck "brook, stream", MIr búal "flowing water", Hindi bhag "to flee"
  • mons Bulsinus, "Büžanim hill": IE *bhl.kos; cf. Eng balk, Middle Irish blog "piece, fragment", Latin fulcrum "bedpost", Gk phálanx "trunk, log", Lith balžiena "crossbar", Serb blazína "roof beam", Skt bhuríjau "cart arms"
  • Derbanoí, Anderva: IE *derv; cf. Eng tree, Albanian dru "wood", Old Church Slavonic drevo "tree", Welsh derw "oak", Gk dóry "wood, spear", drýs "oak, tree", Lith derva "pine wood", Hittite taru "tree, wood', Thracian taru "spear", Skt dru "tree, wood", daru "wood, log"
  • Dizeros, Andízetes: IE *digh; cf. Eng dough, Gk teîchos "wall", Latin fingere "to shape, mold", Old Irish com-od-ding "he builds, erects", Old Russian deža "kneading trough", Armenian dez "heap", Skt dehah "body, form"
  • Domator, personal name; cf. Old Irish damnaid "he binds, breaks a horse", dam "ox", Eng tame, dialectal Germ Zamer "ox not under the yoke", Alb dem "young bull", Lat domare "to tame", domitor "tamer", Gk dámnemi "to break in", dámalos "calf", Skt damyáti "he is tame; he tames"
  • Loúgeon. Strabo
    Strabo

    Strabo was a Ancient Greeks history, geography and philosophy....
     in his Geography mentions "a marsh called Lougeon" (which has been identified as Lake Cerknica
    Lake Cerknica

    Lake Cerknica is an intermittent lake near Cerknica in Inner Carniola, a region of Slovenia. When full, it is the largest lake in the country. It lies in the southern part of Cerknica polje....
     in Slovenia
    Slovenia

    Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north....
    ) by the locals ( Illyrian and Celtic tribes),     Lougeon being Strabo's rendition of the local toponym into Greek. cf. Alb lag "to wet, soak, bathe, wash" (< PA *lauga), lëgatë "pool" (< PA *leugatâ), lakshte "dew" (< PA *laugista); further akin to Lith liugas "marsh", OSl luža "pool", Thracian Lýginos "river name"
  • stagnus Morsianus "marshlands in Pannonia": IE *merg; cf. MHG murc "rotten, withered, boggy", OIr meirc "rust", Alb marth "to shiver, shudder", Lith markýti "to rust"
  • Naro: IE *nor; cf. Lith nãras "diving duck", Russ norá "hole", SCr po-nor "abyss"
  • Nedinum: IE *ned; cf. Skt nadas "roarer"
  • Oseriates, "lakes"; akin to Old Church Slavonic ozero (Serb-Croat jezero), Latvian ezers, OPruss assaran, Gk Akéron "river in the underworld"
  • Pelso (Latin authors referred to modern Lake Balaton
    Lake Balaton

    Lake Balaton, located in Hungary, is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the foremost regional tourist destinations. Due to Hungary being landlocked, it is often affectionately called the "Hungarian Sea"....
     as "    lacus Pelso", Pelso being a hydronym from the local inhabitants), Pelso apparently meant "deep" or "shallow": IE *pels-; cf. Czech pleso "deep place in a river, lake", Welsh bwlch "crack", Arm pelem "to dig"
  • Tergitio, "merchant"; cf. Old Church Slavonic trigi (Serb-Croat trg) "market", Old Russian turgu "market", Latvian tirgus
  • Teuta, Teutana: IE *teuta-, "people"; cf. Lith tauta "people", German Deutsch "German", Old English theod "people", Old Irish tuath "clan", Umbrian tota "people", Oscan touto "city", Hittite tuzzi "army"
  • Tómaros, Tomorr mountain; cf. Old Irish temel "darkness", Middle Irish teimen "dark grey", OHG demar "darkness", dinstar "dark", Lat tenebrae "darkness", temere "by chance, rashly", Skt tamas "darkness", tamsrah "dark", Old Church Slavonic tima "darkness"
  • Ulcisus mons, Ulcinium (city), Ulcisia castra; cf. E wolf, Alb ujk, Av v?hrko, Farsi gurg, Skt v?kas, OSl vluku, Russ volcica, Lith vil~kas, L lupus, Gk lýkos
  • Volcos, river name in Pannonia; cf. Old Irish folc "heavy rain, wet weather", Welsh golchi "to wash", obsolete Eng welkin "cloud", Old High Germ welk "moist", Old Church Slavonic vlaga "moisture, plant juice", vulguku "wet"
  • Vescleves, personal name (*wesu "good" + *klewos "glory") Gk Euklees


Illyrian names


Illyrian


The following names derive from Illyrian or are not yet connected with another language.

  • Agirrus
  • Ballaios
    Ballaios

    Ballaios is thought to be an Illyrian king of the late 2nd century BC. Whilst the abundance of his coinage in the region would suggest that he was a very influential figure there is no literary or historical evidence of his existence....
  • Bardyllis
    Bardyllis

    Bardyllis of the Illyrians was an Illyrian king who ruled from 385 to 358 BC and founded the Bardyllis Dynasty. He was by origin a charcoal burner and would become king of the Dardanians, an Illyrian tribe....
  • Bato
  • Bircenna
    Bircenna

    Bircenna was an Illyrian princess and the daughter of Bardyllis. She was the sister to Bardyllis II and aunt to Cleitus the Illyrian....
  • Blodus, Bledis
  • Boria,Bora
  • Daors
  • Dazas
  • Ditus
  • Genthena
  • Gentius
    Gentius

    Gentius was the last king of Illyria. He was the son of the Illyrian king Pleuratus, of the tribe of the Labeates. He had his capital at Scodra....
  • Glavus
  • Grabos
    Grabos

    Grabos was an Illyrian that became the most powerful Illyrian king after the death of Bardyllis in 358 BC....
  • Laiscus
  • Messor
  • Monunius
    Monunius

    Monunius in grek form Monunios was an Illyrian king who lived in the 3rd century BC, more specifically a Dardanii ruler. Many Dardanian rulers of the same age were named Monunius and there seems to be some confusion as to whom certain actions and events pertain....
  • Mytilus
    Mytilus

    This article is about an Illyrian king; for the mollusk genus see Mytilus 'Mytilus' was an Illyrian king who lived in the 3rd century BC....
  • Pladomenus (from an inscription at Dyrrhacium)
  • Plare(n)s
  • Posantio
  • Pravaius
  • Scenobardos
  • Scerdis
  • Skerdilaidas
  • Tatta
  • Temus
  • Teuda
  • Teuta
    Queen Teuta

    For the Albanian club with the same name, see KS Teuta Durr?s.Queen Teuta of Issa , was an Illyrian queen and regent who reigned approximately from 231 BC to 228 BC....
    ,Teutana means     Queen in Illyrian
  • Titus,name of the river Krka
    Krka

    Krka is the name for several rivers :* Krka , tributary of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia* Krka , tributary of the Sava in Slovenia* Gurk River , tributary of the Drava in Austria...
  • Vendes
  • Verzo
  • Zanatis
  • Ziraeus


Celtic


The following Illyrian names, most of which occur in inscriptions from the upper Neretva
Neretva

Neretva is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The total length is 225 km, of which 203 km are in Herzegovina, while the final 22 km are in the Dubrovnik-Neretva county of Croatia....
 river valley near Konjic
Konjic

Konjic is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in northern Hercegovina, around 50 kilometres south-west of Sarajevo....
 in Bosnia, are considered to derive from Celtic
Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic", a branch of the greater Indo-European languages language family. The term "Celtic" was used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, having much earlier been used by Greek and Roman writers to describe tribes in central Gaul....


  • Arvus
  • Belzeius
  • Cambrius
  • laritus
  • Lautus
  • Argurianus(Thracian or Celtic)
  • Ammida(questionable associations)
  • Matera(questionable associations)
  • Seneca(questionable associations)
  • Mellito(Greek & Celtic)
  • Nantia
  • Nonntio
  • Laca
  • Madusa
  • Matisa
  • Nindia
  • Poia
  • Sicu
  • Aioia
  • Andetia
  • Baeta
  • Bidna
  • Catta
  • Dussona
  • Boio
  • Bricussa
  • Iacus
  • Mallaius
  • Mascelio
  • Kabaletus
  • Litus
  • Nantanius
  • Sarnus
  • Sinus
  • Sisimbrius
  • Vepus


Thracian


The following names derive from Thracian
Thracian language

The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times by the Thracians in South-Eastern Europe....


  • Argurianus(Thracian or Celtic)
  • Auluporis
  • Auluzon
  • Bithus
  • Bessus
  • Teres
  • Celsus
  • Celsinus
  • Cocaius
  • Daizo
  • Delus
  • Dida
  • Dinentilla
  • Dizas
  • Dizo


Greek


The following names derive from Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
.

  • Agron
    Agron (king)

    Agron was the second king of Illyria, and the son of King Pleuratus. Agron's rule lasted from 250 to 230 BC. The Illyrians under Agron were at their height militarily, having the most powerful force, both by land and sea, relative to neighboring nations that they ever would have....
     ("????", prey or "?????", wild country).
  • Mellito (Greek & Celtic) ("?e???t?e??", like honey).
  • Thana ("Ta?at??", death).
  • Plator
    Plator

    Plator the Illyrian was brother to Gentius and it is assumed that he was killed because he wanted to marry Etuta in 169 BC.She was the daughter of Monunius and was married to Gentius himself....
     ("??at??", wide man).
  • Pleuratus
    Pleuratus

    Pleuratus was an Illyrian dynastic name borne by a number of Illyrians of the royal house of the Ardiaei, among others. Pleuratus may derive from Proto-Indo-European language *pel-, 'to fill', cognate to Latin plus , Latin plere , Ancient Greek pleion ....
     ("??e???", side).
  • Cleitus the Illyrian
    Cleitus the Illyrian

    Cleitus the Illyrian was the grandson of Bardyllis. The ancient historian Arrian states that the chieftain Cleitus sacrificed three boys, three girls and three rams just before his battle with Alexander the Great....
     ("??e??", renowned, renowned man).
  • Glaukias
    King Glaukias

    King Glaukias , was an Illyrian of the Taulanti tribe, reigned over Illyria from 317 to 303 BC. In 314 BC, Glaukias was defeated by Cassander, successor of Alexander the Great....
     ("G?a????", gleaming, gleaming man).
  • Ceraunii, tribal exonym ("?e?a?????", Thunderbolt-men).
  • Enchelei, tribal exonym ("???e?e??", Eel-men).


Names of Gods


The following names derive from various languages and are names of Gods worshiped by the Illyrians
List of Illyrian tribes

This is a list of Illyrian tribes, including possibly or partly Illyrian tribes, and tribes that inhabited the lands known as Illyria....
.

  • Eia
  • Malesocus
  • Boria
  • Iria
  • Anzotica
  • Latra
  • Sentona
  • Ica
  • Bindus
  • Vidasus
  • Thana
  • Thetis
  • Medaurus
  • Armatus


See also

  • Messapian language
    Messapian language

    Messapian is an extinct Indo-European languages of South-eastern Italy, once spoken in the region of Apulia. It was spoken by the three Iapygian tribes of the region: the Messapii, the Dauni and the Peucetii....
  • Thracian language
    Thracian language

    The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times by the Thracians in South-Eastern Europe....
  • Paionian language
    Paionian language

    The Paionian language is the poorly attested language of the ancient Paionians, whose kingdom once stretched north of Macedon into Dardania and in earlier times into southwestern Thrace....
  • Venetic language
    Venetic language

    Venetic is an extinct Indo-European languages that was spoken in ancient times in the North-Italy Veneto and modern Slovenia, between the Po River river delta and the southern fringe of the Alps....
  • Albanian language
    Albanian language

    Albanian is an Indo-European languages spoken by nearly 6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including the west of the Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and southern Serbia....


External links