Ikarbus
Encyclopedia
Ikarbus is a Serbia
n bus manufacturer based in the Belgrade
urban municipality of Zemun
. The company was originally established as an aircraft manufacturer in 1923, under the name “Ikarus – the first Serbian airplane, car and engine industry Kovacevic and Co” in Novi Sad
by Dimitrije Konjovic, brothers Dusan and Milivoj Kovacevic, Djoka Radulovic and Josif Mikl.
The company changed its name to Ikarbus in 1992 due to name usage conflicts with the Hungarian bus manufacturer with the same name
.
and Czechoslovakian Avia BH-33
as well as the locally-designed Ikarus IK-2. All the company's production facilities were destroyed during World War II, but rebuilt in 1946 and nationalised soon thereafter. Significant post-war aircraft included the Ikarus 451M
, Yugoslavia's first domestically-designed and built jet plane (1952), the Ikarus S-451MM that set a world airspeed record in 1957, and the Ikarus S-451M that set one in 1960. After that, aircraft production was relocated to a new aircraft factory Soko
at Mostar
, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina.
From 1954 onwards, Ikarus commenced bus production, originally of Sauer
and MAN designs under licence, but eventually the company's own designs. In 1992, the company was privatised, and the following year changed its name to Ikarbus.
20 November 1923 - “Ikarus” starts official business – Dimitrije Konjovic, brothers Dusan and Milivoj Kovacevic, Djoka Radulovic and Josif Mikl registered the company in the Novi Sad District Court. The date is today observed as the founding date.
3 March 1924 - the first school type airplane “Brandenburg” was manufactured
1927 - The Air Command decided that “Ikarus” should start the production of military planes; the factory for the production of military planes was built in Zemun
20 June 1927 - “Ikarus” and the Military and Navy Ministry concluded an agreement to build a new factory of airplane engines in Rakovica
1928 - Sports Club “Ikarus” was established, the first company to build gliders in the country
December 1932 – the company from Novi Sad totally relocated to Zemun
April 1935 - the first model of war airplane of domestic design was completed – a single-seat glider IK-1, designed by engineers Ljubomir Ilic and Kosta Sivcev
January 1936 – Air Command and Ikarus signed an agreement for the manufacturing of British “Hawker Fury” fighter plane, all- metal construction.
Spring of 1938 – Air Command and the company concluded an agreement on the supply of twin-engine bombers “Blenheim”, under the British license
1938 – Administration building of “Ikarus” in Zemun was built
17 April 1941 – German occupation authorities confiscated the company
17 and 25 April 1944 - the factory was heavily damaged in the Allied air-strikes
Early November 1944 - the factory re-started operations
12 August 1945 - the first emergency Assembly of share-holders in the socialist Yugoslavia was held.
27 March 1946 – “Ikarus” was sequestered by the decision of the District Court of Zemun
23 August 1946 – the District Court for the city of Belgrade adjudicated that Konjovic, Lukac and Curcin were guilty of “business collaboration with the occupier”; their shares were confiscated.
22 October 1946 – the first plane “Aero-2B” flew for the first time, the first prototype made by the air industry in new Yugoslavia
23 November 1946 – the District Court for the city of Zemun adjudicated that the entire assets of “Ikarus” be confiscated
23 January 1948 - the Government of the FPRY made a decision to establish the State Enterprise “Ikarus”
1948 – Sports Club “Nasa krila” was established
1949 – the prototype of a light multi-purpose bomber “214” was completed, designed by Professor Milutinovic
1950 – single-seat fighter plane “S-49” was built by engineers Ilic, Sivcev, Zrnic and Popovic
1950 – “Ikarus” manufactured the first gliders in the socialist Yugoslavia; single-seat glider “Hawk 1” was awarded the third prize at the International Championship in Sweden
End of October 1952 – the first Yugoslav jet plane “451 M” took off
1954 – “Kosava” twin-seat glider received the first prize at the International Championship in England
1954 - “Ikarus” manufactured its first bus, under the Austrian license “Sauer”
1957 Airplane S-451MM Matica set the world speed record flying at 750.34 km/hour
1960 – S-451M Zolja, ultra light jet plane set the world speed record, flying at 500.2 km/hour
14 November 1961 – by the official act of the Administration for military industry affairs, “Ikarus” ceased to be a military company
Every vehicle made by Ikarbus has a name starting with 'IK', followed by a hyphen and then the vehicle's code: IK-1xxs are solo city buses, IK-2xxs are articulated city buses and IK-3xxs and IK-4xxs are coaches. Earlier IK 160(P)/161/166 models are also articulated buses.
Historical models under Ikarus brand
Contemporary models under Ikarbus brand
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
n bus manufacturer based in the Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
urban municipality of Zemun
Zemun
Zemun is a historical town and one of the 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia...
. The company was originally established as an aircraft manufacturer in 1923, under the name “Ikarus – the first Serbian airplane, car and engine industry Kovacevic and Co” in Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
by Dimitrije Konjovic, brothers Dusan and Milivoj Kovacevic, Djoka Radulovic and Josif Mikl.
The company changed its name to Ikarbus in 1992 due to name usage conflicts with the Hungarian bus manufacturer with the same name
Ikarus Bus
Ikarus is a bus manufacturer based in Budapest, Hungary. It was established in 1895 as Uhri Imre Kovács- és Kocsigyártó Üzeme .-History:...
.
History
Since its founding in 1923, the firm manufactured a number of foreign designs under licence, such as the French Potez 25Potez 25
|-See also:*Aerial operations in the Chaco War-References:Heinonen, Timo Heinonen: Thulinista Hornetiin, Keski-Suomen ilmailumuseon julkaisuja 3, 1992. ISBN 951-95688-2-4.-External links:* *...
and Czechoslovakian Avia BH-33
Avia BH-33
|-See also:-References:* Belcarz, Bartłomiej . Avia BH-33 , PWS-10, PZL P.7a, Polskie Skrzydła #3. Sandomierz: Wydawnictwo Stratus, ISBN 83-89450-36-4 .* Němeček, Vaclav . Československá letadla. Praha: Naše Vojsko.*...
as well as the locally-designed Ikarus IK-2. All the company's production facilities were destroyed during World War II, but rebuilt in 1946 and nationalised soon thereafter. Significant post-war aircraft included the Ikarus 451M
Ikarus 451
The designation Ikarus 451 covers a family of six research aircraft designs built in Yugoslavia in the 1950s, all sharing the same basic airframe, but otherwise quite different from each other...
, Yugoslavia's first domestically-designed and built jet plane (1952), the Ikarus S-451MM that set a world airspeed record in 1957, and the Ikarus S-451M that set one in 1960. After that, aircraft production was relocated to a new aircraft factory Soko
Soko
Sokoband, formerly known as Soko, is a jazz fusion duo, featuring pianist Michael Sokolowski and bassist Houston Ross. The group formed as a trio in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1991, with Sokolowski, Ross, and drummer John Gilmore. The group performed live for several years, then released their...
at Mostar
Mostar
Mostar is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the largest and one of the most important cities in the Herzegovina region and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva river and is the fifth-largest city in the country...
, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina.
From 1954 onwards, Ikarus commenced bus production, originally of Sauer
Sauer
The Sauer or Sûre is a river in Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. A left tributary of the river Moselle, its total length is 173 km....
and MAN designs under licence, but eventually the company's own designs. In 1992, the company was privatised, and the following year changed its name to Ikarbus.
Timeline
13 October 1923 - the founding meeting of the limited parntership “Ikarus – the first Serbian airplane, car and engine industry Kovacevic and Co”.20 November 1923 - “Ikarus” starts official business – Dimitrije Konjovic, brothers Dusan and Milivoj Kovacevic, Djoka Radulovic and Josif Mikl registered the company in the Novi Sad District Court. The date is today observed as the founding date.
3 March 1924 - the first school type airplane “Brandenburg” was manufactured
1927 - The Air Command decided that “Ikarus” should start the production of military planes; the factory for the production of military planes was built in Zemun
20 June 1927 - “Ikarus” and the Military and Navy Ministry concluded an agreement to build a new factory of airplane engines in Rakovica
1928 - Sports Club “Ikarus” was established, the first company to build gliders in the country
December 1932 – the company from Novi Sad totally relocated to Zemun
April 1935 - the first model of war airplane of domestic design was completed – a single-seat glider IK-1, designed by engineers Ljubomir Ilic and Kosta Sivcev
January 1936 – Air Command and Ikarus signed an agreement for the manufacturing of British “Hawker Fury” fighter plane, all- metal construction.
Spring of 1938 – Air Command and the company concluded an agreement on the supply of twin-engine bombers “Blenheim”, under the British license
1938 – Administration building of “Ikarus” in Zemun was built
17 April 1941 – German occupation authorities confiscated the company
17 and 25 April 1944 - the factory was heavily damaged in the Allied air-strikes
Early November 1944 - the factory re-started operations
12 August 1945 - the first emergency Assembly of share-holders in the socialist Yugoslavia was held.
27 March 1946 – “Ikarus” was sequestered by the decision of the District Court of Zemun
23 August 1946 – the District Court for the city of Belgrade adjudicated that Konjovic, Lukac and Curcin were guilty of “business collaboration with the occupier”; their shares were confiscated.
22 October 1946 – the first plane “Aero-2B” flew for the first time, the first prototype made by the air industry in new Yugoslavia
23 November 1946 – the District Court for the city of Zemun adjudicated that the entire assets of “Ikarus” be confiscated
23 January 1948 - the Government of the FPRY made a decision to establish the State Enterprise “Ikarus”
1948 – Sports Club “Nasa krila” was established
1949 – the prototype of a light multi-purpose bomber “214” was completed, designed by Professor Milutinovic
1950 – single-seat fighter plane “S-49” was built by engineers Ilic, Sivcev, Zrnic and Popovic
1950 – “Ikarus” manufactured the first gliders in the socialist Yugoslavia; single-seat glider “Hawk 1” was awarded the third prize at the International Championship in Sweden
End of October 1952 – the first Yugoslav jet plane “451 M” took off
1954 – “Kosava” twin-seat glider received the first prize at the International Championship in England
1954 - “Ikarus” manufactured its first bus, under the Austrian license “Sauer”
1957 Airplane S-451MM Matica set the world speed record flying at 750.34 km/hour
1960 – S-451M Zolja, ultra light jet plane set the world speed record, flying at 500.2 km/hour
14 November 1961 – by the official act of the Administration for military industry affairs, “Ikarus” ceased to be a military company
Products
Historical models under Ikarus brand
- IK-4 - solo bus based on Leyland chassis, produced in early 1970s
- IK-5A/5B - solo and articulated models based on MAN license, produced in early 1980s
- IK-108/110/111R/111B (solo, Raba D2156 engine) - produced until 1995
- IK-160/161 (articulated, Raba engine) - produced until 1995
- IK-160P SW680 engine - for Poland, produced until 1992
- IK-166 - MAN D2866 engine, optionally with Voith automatic gearbox, produced until 1995
Contemporary models under Ikarbus brand
- IK-101 solo, MAN engine
- IK-102 solo, RABARaba (automobile)The Raba was a Hungarian automobile manufactured from 1912 to 1914. A product of the Hungarian Machine Factory in the city of Györ, then known as Raab. The engine of the car was the 4.2-liter 58 hp Praga "Grand". The car was built in limited numbers, under the Praga license. Raba also...
engine - IK-103 solo, MAN or MercedesMercedes-BenzMercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is a division of its parent company, Daimler AG...
engine - currently offered - IK-103 CNG (meets EURO-5 standards) - currently offered
- IK-112N solo low floor, MAN engine - currently offered
- IK-107 minibus, Cummins engine - currently offered
- Ik-201 articulated, MAN engine
- Ik-202 articulated, RABARaba (automobile)The Raba was a Hungarian automobile manufactured from 1912 to 1914. A product of the Hungarian Machine Factory in the city of Györ, then known as Raab. The engine of the car was the 4.2-liter 58 hp Praga "Grand". The car was built in limited numbers, under the Praga license. Raba also...
engine - Ik-203 articulated, MercedesMercedes-BenzMercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is a division of its parent company, Daimler AG...
engine - Ik-206 articulated, MAN engine - currently offered
- Ik-218N articulated low floor, MAN engine - currently offered
- Ik-308, midibus coach - currently offered
- Ik-312, regional coach - currently offered
- Ik-412, long distance coach - currently offered
- Ik-415, three-axle coach - currently offered
External links
- Official website (Serbian)
- English official site