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The Idrisids were Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
  Shia dynasty in the western Maghreb
Maghreb

The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
 ruling from 788
788

Events...
 to 985
985

Events...
, named after its first sultan
Sultan

Sultan is an Islamic honorifics, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ???? sulah, meaning "authority" or "power"....
, Idriss I
Idriss I

Idris I was the first ruler and founder of the Idrisid Dynasty, ruling from 788 to 791 AD. He is credited with founding the dynasty that was instrumental in the early Islamization of Morocco and Spain....
.

founder of the dynasty was Idris ibn Abdallah (788–791), who traced his ancestry back to Ali ibn Abi Talib and his wife Fatima
Fatima

Fatima may refer to:* F?tima, Portugal, Portuguese town** Our Lady of F?tima, Marian apparition at F?tima in 1917** Fatima Prayer, prayer originating from the apparition...
, daughter of the Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
. As a sharif
Sharif

Sharif is a traditional Arab Tribe title given to those who serve as the protector of the tribe and all tribal assets, such as property, wells, and land....
 Shiite he was persecuted by the Abbasids and fled to the Maghreb
Maghreb

The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
 in 786, where he was taken in by the Berbers.






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The Idrisids were Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
  Shia dynasty in the western Maghreb
Maghreb

The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
 ruling from 788
788

Events...
 to 985
985

Events...
, named after its first sultan
Sultan

Sultan is an Islamic honorifics, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ???? sulah, meaning "authority" or "power"....
, Idriss I
Idriss I

Idris I was the first ruler and founder of the Idrisid Dynasty, ruling from 788 to 791 AD. He is credited with founding the dynasty that was instrumental in the early Islamization of Morocco and Spain....
.

History

The founder of the dynasty was Idris ibn Abdallah (788–791), who traced his ancestry back to Ali ibn Abi Talib and his wife Fatima
Fatima

Fatima may refer to:* F?tima, Portugal, Portuguese town** Our Lady of F?tima, Marian apparition at F?tima in 1917** Fatima Prayer, prayer originating from the apparition...
, daughter of the Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
. As a sharif
Sharif

Sharif is a traditional Arab Tribe title given to those who serve as the protector of the tribe and all tribal assets, such as property, wells, and land....
 Shiite he was persecuted by the Abbasids and fled to the Maghreb
Maghreb

The Maghreb , also rendered Maghrib , meaning "place of sunset" or "western" in Arabic, is a region in North Africa. The term is generally applied to all of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but in older Arabic usage pertained only to the area of the three countries between the high ranges of the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea....
 in 786, where he was taken in by the Berbers. Since the Maysara uprising against Arab rule (739–742), the authority of the Caliphate
Caliphate

The caliphate represented the political leadership of the Muslim ummah in classical and medieval Islamic history and juristic theory. The head of state's position is based on the notion of a successor to the Prophets of Islam Muhammad's political authority....
 in North Africa had been compromised; the new kingdom of Idris I represented the second autonomous Islamic state in Morocco
Morocco

Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
, and the first in Spain.

, 840 CE.]] His son Idriss II (791–828) developed the area of Fez
FES

Fes may refer to:* Fes, Morocco, also known as Fez, a city in Morocco* Persona 3 FES, an 'add-on' disk for Shin Megami Tensei:Persona 3.FES is a three-letter acronym that may refer to:...
, already colonised by his father, as a royal residence and capital. Through the settlement of refugees from Kairouan
Kairouan

Kairouan it is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate. It was founded by the Arabs in around 670 and the original name was derived from Arabic kairuw?n, from Persian language K?rav?n, meaning "military/civilian camp" , "caravan", or "resting place" ....
 and Andalusia
Andalusia

Andalusia is a country in the Spanish State. It is the most populous and the second largest, in terms of land area, of the seventeen autonomous communities of the Spain....
 the city quickly became the focus for the Islamification of North Africa: compare the rise of Islam in North Africa. At about the same time, an alternate summer capital Basra
Basra, Morocco

Basra, Morocco, nicknamed Basra al-Hamra , is an archaeological site in Morocco. It was originally a summer capital of the Idrisid dynasty from the 8th to 10th centuries....
 was constructed and named after the famous city in southern Iraq
Iraq

Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
.

The realm was also extended through campaigns into the high Atlas Mountains
Atlas Mountains

The Atlas Mountains are a mountain range across a northern stretch of Africa extending about 2,400 km through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. The highest peak is Jbel Toubkal, with an elevation of in southwestern Morocco....
 and against Tlemcen
Tlemcen

Tlemcen is a town in Northwestern Algeria, and the capital of the Tlemcen Province. Its population is 132,341 as of the 1998 census. Located inland, it is located in the center of a region known for its olive plantations and vineyards....
, with the result that the Idrisid state became the most significant power in Morocco, ahead of the principalites of the Bargawata, the Salihids, the Miknasa
Miknasa

The Miknasa were a Berber people tribe in Morocco and western Algeria.The Miknasa Berbers originated in Tripolitania and southern Tunisia, but migrated westwards into central Morocco and western Algeria in pre-Islamic times....
 and the Maghrawa
Maghrawa

The Magrawa were a Berber people tribe in Morocco and central and western Algeria....
 of Sijilmasa
Sijilmasa

Sijilmasa was a mediaeval trade centre in the western Maghreb. The ruins of the city lie in the Tafilalt oasis near the modern small town of Rissani in southeastern Morocco....
.

Under Muhammad
Muhammad ibn Idris

Muhammad ibn Idris was one of the sons and successor of Idris II of the Idrisid dynasty. He took power in 828 and died in 836....
 (828–836) the kingdom was divided amongst eight brothers, whereby several Idrisid statelets formed in northern Morocco. This led to intensified power struggles and the weakening of the Idrisids. Even when the realm was reunified under Yahya IV
Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar

Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar was the ninth Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after Yahya III in 904. He died in 917....
 (904–917), it still lost significance through internal strife and attacks from the Fatimid
Fatimid

The Fatimid Caliphate or al-Fatimiyyun was an Arab Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, Sicily, Malta and the Levant from 5 January 909 to 1171....
 dynasty aided by their local Miknasa
Miknasa

The Miknasa were a Berber people tribe in Morocco and western Algeria.The Miknasa Berbers originated in Tripolitania and southern Tunisia, but migrated westwards into central Morocco and western Algeria in pre-Islamic times....
 allies.

After defeats by the Fatimid
Fatimid

The Fatimid Caliphate or al-Fatimiyyun was an Arab Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, Sicily, Malta and the Levant from 5 January 909 to 1171....
s in 917–920 the Idrisids were driven from Fez and control given to the Miknasa
Miknasa

The Miknasa were a Berber people tribe in Morocco and western Algeria.The Miknasa Berbers originated in Tripolitania and southern Tunisia, but migrated westwards into central Morocco and western Algeria in pre-Islamic times....
. Hassan I al-Hajam managed to wrest control of Fez for a couple of years but he was the last of the dynasty to hold power there.

Only with the support of the Caliphate of Cordoba
Caliphate of Córdoba

The Caliphate of C?rdoba ruled the Iberian peninsula and North Africa from the city of C?rdoba, Spain, from 929 to 1031. This period was characterized by remarkable success in trade and culture; many of the masterpieces of Islamic Iberia were constructed in this period, including the famous Mezquita....
 could the dynasty subsequently hold out against the Fatimid
Fatimid

The Fatimid Caliphate or al-Fatimiyyun was an Arab Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, Sicily, Malta and the Levant from 5 January 909 to 1171....
s and their allies. After 926 the Idrisids abandoned Fez for good and withdrew to the valleys of the Rif
Rif

The Rif is a mainly mountainous region of northern Morocco, stretching from Cape Spartel and Tangier in the west to Ras Kebdana and the Moulouya River in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the river of Ouargha in the south....
 mountains, where they had a stronghold in the fortress of Hajar an-Nasar
Hajar an-Nasar

Hajar an-Nasar , a fortress and sometime capital of northern Morocco under the 10th-century Idrisid dynasty, now an archeological site. It is situated on a rocky crest overlooking the headwaters of a tributary of the Loukos River about 40 km almost due east of the modern city of Larache....
. They were also protected to some extent by the reluctance of tribal elders to wipe out entirely the local descendants of the Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad

Muhammad Patronymic#Arabic Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib , is the founder of the Major religious groups of Islam and is regarded by Muslims as a Rasul and prophet of , the last and the greatest law-bearer in a series of prophets....
's family.

The last Idrisid made the mistake of switching allegiances back to the Fatimid
Fatimid

The Fatimid Caliphate or al-Fatimiyyun was an Arab Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, Sicily, Malta and the Levant from 5 January 909 to 1171....
s, and was deposed and executed in 985
985

Events...
 by the Caliphate of Cordoba
Caliphate of Córdoba

The Caliphate of C?rdoba ruled the Iberian peninsula and North Africa from the city of C?rdoba, Spain, from 929 to 1031. This period was characterized by remarkable success in trade and culture; many of the masterpieces of Islamic Iberia were constructed in this period, including the famous Mezquita....


Rulers

  • Idriss I
    Idriss I

    Idris I was the first ruler and founder of the Idrisid Dynasty, ruling from 788 to 791 AD. He is credited with founding the dynasty that was instrumental in the early Islamization of Morocco and Spain....
     - (788-791)
  • Idris II
    Idris II

    Idris II was son of Idris I, the founder of the Idrisid dynasty in North Africa. He was born in Volubilis two months after the death of his father....
     - (791-828)
  • Muhammad ibn Idris
    Muhammad ibn Idris

    Muhammad ibn Idris was one of the sons and successor of Idris II of the Idrisid dynasty. He took power in 828 and died in 836....
     - (828-836)
  • Ali ibn Idris
    Ali ibn Idris

    File:Idrisids_coin_minted_at_Al_Aliyah_Morocco_840 CE.jpgAli ibn Idris was the fourth Idrisid sultan of Idrisid dynasty. He was the son of Muhammad ibn Idris whom he succeeded in 836....
    , known as "Ali I" - (836-848)
  • Yahya ibn Muhammad
    Yahya ibn Muhammad

    Yahya ibn Muhammad was the fifth Idrisid ruler and sultan of Idrisid dynasty. He took over after the death of his brother Ali I in 848. He died in 864....
    , known as "Yahya I" - (848-864)
  • Yahya ibn Yahya
    Yahya ibn Yahya

    Yahya ibn Yahya was the sixth Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after the death of his father Yahya I in 864. He died in 874....
    , known as "Yahya II" - (864-874)
  • Ali ibn Umar
    Ali ibn Umar

    Ali ibn Umar was the seventh Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after the death of Yahya II in 874 CE. During his rule, Idrisid lost their capital, Fes. He died in 883 CE....
    , known as "Ali II" - (874-883)
  • Yahya ibn Al-Qassim
    Yahya ibn Al-Qassim

    Yahya ibn Al-Qassim was the eighth Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after the death of Ali II in 880. He died in 904....
    , known as "Yahya III" - (883-904)
  • Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar
    Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar

    Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar was the ninth Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after Yahya III in 904. He died in 917....
    , known as "Yahya IV" - (904-917)
  • Fatimid
    Fatimid

    The Fatimid Caliphate or al-Fatimiyyun was an Arab Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, Sicily, Malta and the Levant from 5 January 909 to 1171....
     overlordship - (922-925)
  • Al-Hajjam al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qassim
    Al-Hajjam al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qassim

    Al-Hajjam al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qassim was the tenth Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after a short Fatimid overlordship by Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah in 925 and was overthrowned in 927....
     - (925-927)
  • Fatimid
    Fatimid

    The Fatimid Caliphate or al-Fatimiyyun was an Arab Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, Sicily, Malta and the Levant from 5 January 909 to 1171....
     overlordship - (927-937)
  • Al Qasim Gannum
    Al Qasim Gannum

    Al Qasim Gannum was the eleventh Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after the Fatimid overlordship by Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah in 937 until his death in 948....
     - (937-948)
  • Abu l-Aish Ahmad
    Abu l-Aish Ahmad

    Abul-Aish Ahmad was the twelfth Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after Al Qasim Gannum in 948 until his death in 954....
     - (948-954)
  • Al-Hasan ibn Kannun
    Al-Hasan ibn Kannun

    Al-Hasan ibn Kannun was the thirteenth and the last Idrisid ruler and sultan of Morocco. He took over after Abu l-Aish Ahmad in 954 until his capture by the Umayyads in 974. He was then exiled to C?rdoba, Spain where he died in 985....
    , known as "Hassan II" - (954-974) (not to be confused with Hassan II, born in 1929)
  • Ali, Caliph of Cordoba in 1016


Sources

  • Ibn Abi Zar
    Ibn Abi Zar

    Abu al-Hassan ?Ali ibn Abi Zar? al-Fasi is the commonly presumed original author of the popular and influential medieval history of Morocco known as Rawd al-Qirtas, said to have been written at the instigation of Marinid Sultan Abu Said Uthman II....
    , Rawd al-Qirtas
    Rawd al-Qirtas

    Raw al-Qiras is a history of Morocco written in Arabic in the early 14th century. It includes many details about the wider Moroccan empire in Iberian Peninsula and Algeria....
     contains a chronicle of the dynasty.


See also

  • Muhammad al-Idrisi
    Muhammad al-Idrisi

    Abu Abd Allah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani al-Sabti or simply El Idrisi was an Islamic geography, cartography and traveller who lived in Sicily, at the court of King Roger II of Sicily....
    , descendant of the Idrisid dynasty
  • History of Algeria
    History of Algeria

    The fertile coastal plain of North Africa, especially west of Tunisia, is often called the Maghreb . North Africa served as a transit region for people moving towards Europe or the Middle East....
  • History of Morocco
    History of Morocco

    The [Capsian culture]brought Morocco into the Neolithic about 8000 BC, at a time when the Maghreb was less arid than it is today. The Berber languages probably was formed at roughly the same time as agriculture , and was developed by the existing population and adopted the immigrants who arrived later....
  • History of Spain
    History of Spain

    The History of Spain spans the period from Prehistoric Iberia, through the rise and fall of the first Spanish Empire, to Spain's current position as a member of the European Union....