IEEE 1547
Encyclopedia
IEEE 1547 is a standard of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a non-profit professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence...

 meant to provide a set of criteria and requirements for the interconnection of distributed generation
Distributed generation
Distributed generation, also called on-site generation, dispersed generation, embedded generation, decentralized generation, decentralized energy or distributed energy, generates electricity from many small energy sources....

 resources into the power grid in the United States.

Purpose

"This document provides a uniform standard for interconnection of distributed resources with EPSs [Electric Power Systems]. It provides requirements relevant to the performance, operation, testing, safety, and maintenance of the interconnection."


With the increased adoption of distributed resources in the present and future, a set of standards regarding their usage in the grid becomes increasingly important for the overall reliability, safety, and cost. Furthermore, the lack of a concrete national standard was seen as a roadblock to the implementation of new distributed generation projects. The standard is intended to be universally adoptable, technology-neutral, and cover distributed resources as large 10 MVA.

Development

In early 1999, the IEEE approved the undertaking of P1547. With the support of the United States Department of Energy
United States Department of Energy
The United States Department of Energy is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material...

, the project was initiated on a fast-track basis, which would halve the usual development time. The draft standard was revised 10 times before P1547/Draft 11 was approved with a 91% vote in February 2003. It was then approved by the IEEE Standards Board on June 12, 2003, and received an ANSI
Ansi
Ansi is a village in Kaarma Parish, Saare County, on the island of Saaremaa, Estonia....

 designation on October 20, 2003.

Risk of System Disturbance

IEEE 1547-2003 has a tight underfrequency protection setting of 59.3 Hz which poses a risk for grid stability. In case of an underfrequency situation,
e.g. after a major loss of generation, the situation may get worse when a multitude of distributed energy resources
Distributed generation
Distributed generation, also called on-site generation, dispersed generation, embedded generation, decentralized generation, decentralized energy or distributed energy, generates electricity from many small energy sources....

 (DER) disconnect simultaneously. IEEE 1547-2003 demands also an obligatory overfrequency disconnection at 60.5 Hz. With a rising share of distributed generation there is a possibility of triggering a non-linear oscillator in the multi GW range within the transmission grid. In Europe, this problem with similar standards has already been addressed by ENTSO-E.

Energy Policy Act of 2005

“Interconnection services shall be offered based upon the standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: IEEE Standard 1547 for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems, as they may be amended from time to time.”


The Energy Policy Act of 2005
Energy Policy Act of 2005
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 is a bill passed by the United States Congress on July 29, 2005, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on August 8, 2005, at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico...

 established IEEE 1547 as the national standard for the interconnection of distributed generation resources in the United States of America.

Related Standards

Currently, there are six complementary standards designed to expand upon or clarify the initial standard, two of which are published, and the other four still in the draft phase.
  • IEEE 1547.1, published in 2005, further describes the testing of the interconnection in order to determine whether or not it conforms to standards.
  • IEEE 1547.2, provides a technical background on the standard.
  • IEEE 1547.3, published in 2007, details techniques for monitoring of distributed systems.
  • IEEE 1547.4, is a guide for the design, operation, and integration of conforming systems.
  • IEEE 1547.5, is designed for distributed sources larger than 10 MVA
  • IEEE 1547.6, describes practices for secondary network interconnections.
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