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Hypoxanthine

 

 
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Hypoxanthine
 
 
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Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine
Purine

Purine is a heterocyclic compound aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely distributed kind of nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature....
 derivative. It is occasionally found as a constituent of nucleic acid
Nucleic acid

A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric nucleotides. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within Cell ....
s where it is present in the anticodon of tRNA in the form of its nucleoside inosine
Inosine

Inosine is a nucleoside that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring via a ?-N9-glycosidic bond.Inosine is commonly found in tRNAs and is essential for proper translation of the genetic code in wobble base pairs....
. It is also known as 6-Hydroxypurine. Hypoxanthine is a necessary additive in certain cell, bacteria and parasite cultures as a substrate and nitrogen source. For example it is commonly a required reagent in malaria parasite cultures since Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female...
 requires a source of hypoxanthine for nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism.

s one of the products of the action of xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase

The enzyme xanthine oxidase, or XO, catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid....
 on xanthine
Xanthine

Xanthine , , is a purine base found in most body tissues and fluids and in other organisms. A number of mild stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine and theobromine....
, though more normally in purine degradation, hypoxanthine is formed from reduction of xanthine
Xanthine

Xanthine , , is a purine base found in most body tissues and fluids and in other organisms. A number of mild stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine and theobromine....
 by xanthine oxidoreductase.

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme in purine metabolism....
 converts hypoxanthine into IMP in nucleotide salvage.

Hypoxanthine is also a spontaneous deamination
Deamination

Deamination is the removal of an amine group from a molecule.In the human body, deamination takes place in the liver. Deamination is the process by which amino acids are broken down when too much protein has been taken in....
 product of adenine
Adenine

Adenine is a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate and the cofactor s nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide , and Protein biosynthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA....
.






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Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine
Purine

Purine is a heterocyclic compound aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely distributed kind of nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature....
 derivative. It is occasionally found as a constituent of nucleic acid
Nucleic acid

A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric nucleotides. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within Cell ....
s where it is present in the anticodon of tRNA in the form of its nucleoside inosine
Inosine

Inosine is a nucleoside that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring via a ?-N9-glycosidic bond.Inosine is commonly found in tRNAs and is essential for proper translation of the genetic code in wobble base pairs....
. It is also known as 6-Hydroxypurine. Hypoxanthine is a necessary additive in certain cell, bacteria and parasite cultures as a substrate and nitrogen source. For example it is commonly a required reagent in malaria parasite cultures since Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female...
 requires a source of hypoxanthine for nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism.

Reactions

It is one of the products of the action of xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase

The enzyme xanthine oxidase, or XO, catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid....
 on xanthine
Xanthine

Xanthine , , is a purine base found in most body tissues and fluids and in other organisms. A number of mild stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine and theobromine....
, though more normally in purine degradation, hypoxanthine is formed from reduction of xanthine
Xanthine

Xanthine , , is a purine base found in most body tissues and fluids and in other organisms. A number of mild stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine and theobromine....
 by xanthine oxidoreductase.

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme in purine metabolism....
 converts hypoxanthine into IMP in nucleotide salvage.

Hypoxanthine is also a spontaneous deamination
Deamination

Deamination is the removal of an amine group from a molecule.In the human body, deamination takes place in the liver. Deamination is the process by which amino acids are broken down when too much protein has been taken in....
 product of adenine
Adenine

Adenine is a nucleobase with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate and the cofactor s nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide , and Protein biosynthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA....
. Because of its resemblance to guanine, the spontaneous deamination of adenine can lead to an error in DNA transcription/replication.

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