Hypertrophy

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Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is the increase of the size of an organ or in a select area of the tissue. It should be distinguished from hyperplasia

Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia is a general term referring to the proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue beyond that which is ordinarily seen . Hyperplasia may result in the gross enlargement of an organ, the formation of a benign tumor, or may be visible only histology....
which occurs due to cell division increasing the number of cells while their size stays the same; hypertrophy occurs due to an increase in the size of cells, while the number stays the same.

of the most common and visible forms of organ hypertrophy occurs in skeletal muscles in response to strength training

Strength training

Strength training is the use of resistance to muscular contraction to build the physical strength, Anaerobic exercise and Muscle hypertrophy of skeletal muscles....
(known as muscle hypertrophy

Muscle hypertrophy

Muscle hypertrophy is a scientific term for the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells. It differs from hyperplasia, which is the formation of new muscle cells....
).

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Encyclopedia

Hypertrophy is the increase of the size of an organ or in a select area of the tissue. It should be distinguished from hyperplasia

Hyperplasia

Examples of hypertrophy

Muscular hypertrophy

One of the most common and visible forms of organ hypertrophy occurs in skeletal muscles in response to strength training

Strength training

Strength training is the use of resistance to muscular contraction to build the physical strength, Anaerobic exercise and Muscle hypertrophy of skeletal muscles....
(known as muscle hypertrophy

Muscle hypertrophy

Muscle hypertrophy is a scientific term for the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells. It differs from hyperplasia, which is the formation of new muscle cells....
). Depending on the type of training, the hypertrophy can occur through increased sarcoplasmic

Sarcoplasm

The Sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber is comparable to the cytoplasm of other cells fluid of the muscle, but it houses unusually large amounts of glycosomes and significant amounts of myoglobin, an oxygen binding protein....
volume or increased contractile proteins

Sliding filament mechanism

The sliding filament theory describes a process used by muscles to muscle contraction....
.

Ventricular hypertrophy

Ventricular hypertrophy is the enlargement of Ventricle in the heart. Although left ventricular hypertrophy is more common, enlargement can also occur in the right ventricle, or both ventricles....
is the increase in size of the ventricles

Ventricle (heart)

In the heart, a ventricle is a heart chamber which collects blood from an atrium and pumps it out of the heart.In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation for the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic cir...
of the heart

Heart

The heart is a muscle organ in all vertebrates responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in annelids, mollusks, and arthropods....
. Changes can be beneficial or healthy if they occur in response to aerobic

Aerobic exercise

Aerobic exercise refers to exercise that involves or improves oxygen consumption by the body. Aerobic means "with oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen in the body's metabolic or Adenosine triphosphate-generating process....
or anaerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercise is exercise intense enough to trigger Lactic acid fermentation. It is used by athletes in non-endurance sports to build power and by body builders to build muscle mass....
, but ventricular hypertrophy is generally associated with pathological changes due to high blood pressure or other disease states.

Hypertrophy of the breasts

Gigantomastia

Gigantomastia is extreme growth of the breasts . Gigantomastia was first described in literature in 1648. The condition is caused by over-sensitivity to the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, and/or an unusually high quantity of these hormones....
is the extreme growth of the breasts, i.e. 10 pounds (5 kg) per breast and more. In severe cases it is possible for women to have breasts that weigh well in excess of 20 lb (9 kg) each. Gigantomastia can occur as a rare complication of pregnancy

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring, known as a fetus or embryo, inside the uterus of a female. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations, as in the case of twins or Multiple birth....
, but also with the more frequently juvenile gigantomastia during puberty

Puberty

Puberty refers to the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. Puberty is initiated by hormone signals from the brain to the gonads ....
(virginal breast hypertrophy

Virginal breast hypertrophy

Virginal breast hypertrophy is the common name for the medical condition juvenile macromastia and juvenile gigantomastia. This condition causes a woman's breasts to grow rapidly to an excessive weight lesions during puberty....
).

Hypertrophy of the clitoris

In the most pronounced cases, clitoromegaly is a symptom of intersexuality since the large clitoris resembles a penis (the different grade of genital ambiguity is commonly measured by the Prader classification ranging, in ascending order of masculinisation, from 1: Female external genitalia with clitoromegaly through 5: Pseudo-phallus looking like normal male external genitalia).

Hypertrophy

Examples of hypertrophy

Muscular hypertrophy

Ventricular hypertrophy

Hypertrophy of the breasts

Hypertrophy of the clitoris

See also

External links