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Hyperboloid structure

Hyperboloid structures in architecture Architecture

* Architectural history [i] * Architectural mythology [i] ... 

 were first applied by Russia Russia

Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country [i] that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia [i] ... 

n engineer Vladimir Shukhov Vladimir Shukhov

Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov, was a great Russia [i]n engineer renowned for his pioneering works on new ... 

 . In the 1880s, Shukhov began to work on the problem of the design of roof Roof

The roof, the top covering of a building [i], is one of the universal structures found on all buildings [i] ... 

 systems to use a minimum of materials, time and labor. His calculations were most likely derived from mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Chebyshev

Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev was a Russia [i]n mathematician [i]. ... 

s work on the theory of best approximations of functions. Shukhovs mathematical explorations of efficient roof structures led to his invention of a new system that was innovative both structurally and spatially. By applying his analytical skills to the doubly-curved surfaces Nikolai Lobachevsky Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky

Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky was a Russia [i]n mathematician [i]. ... 

 named "hyperbolic," Shukhov derived a family of equations that led to new structural and constructional systems, known as hyperboloid Hyperboloid

In mathematics [i], a hyperboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimension [i]s, described ... 

s of revolution and hyperbolic paraboloid Paraboloid

In mathematics [i], a paraboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimensions, described by t ... 

s.

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Hyperboloid structures in architecture Architecture

* Architectural history [i]
  • Architectural mythology [i]

... 

 were first applied by Russia Russia

Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country [i] that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia [i] ... 

n engineer Vladimir Shukhov Vladimir Shukhov

Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov, was a great Russia [i]n engineer renowned for his pioneering works on new... 

 . In the 1880s, Shukhov began to work on the problem of the design of roof Roof

The roof, the top covering of a building [i], is one of the universal structures found on all buildings [i] ... 

 systems to use a minimum of materials, time and labor. His calculations were most likely derived from mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Chebyshev

Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev was a Russia [i]n mathematician [i]. ... 

’s work on the theory of best approximations of functions. Shukhov’s mathematical explorations of efficient roof structures led to his invention of a new system that was innovative both structurally and spatially. By applying his analytical skills to the doubly-curved surfaces Nikolai Lobachevsky Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky

Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky was a Russia [i]n mathematician [i]. ... 

 named "hyperbolic," Shukhov derived a family of equations that led to new structural and constructional systems, known as hyperboloid Hyperboloid

In mathematics [i], a hyperboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimension [i]s, described ... 

s of revolution and hyperbolic paraboloid Paraboloid

In mathematics [i], a paraboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimensions, described by t ... 

s.

The hyperboloid roofs of the exhibition pavilions of the 1896 All-Russian Industrial and Handicrafts Exposition All-Russia exhibition 1896

The All-Russia industrial and art exhibition 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod [i] was held from May 28 till Octob ... 

 in Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny and also transliterated [i] ... 

 were the first publicly prominent examples of Shukhov’s new system. The roofs of these pavilions were doubly-curved surfaces formed entirely of a lattice of straight angle-iron and flat iron bars. Shukhov himself called them “metal lace.” The patent of this system, for which Shukhov applied in 1895, was awarded in 1899.


Two pavilions of this type were built for the Nizhni-Novgorod exposition, one oval in plan and one circular.
Shukhov also turned his attention to the development of an efficient and easily constructed structural system for a tower Tower

A tower is a tall man-made structure, always taller than it is wide, and usually much higher.... 

 carrying a large gravity load at the top - the problem of the water tower Water tower

A water tower or elevated water tank is a very large tank constructed for the purpose of holding a... 

. His solution was inspired by observing the action of a woven basket holding up a heavy weight. Again, it took the form of a non-Euclidean doubly-curved surface constructed of a light network of straight iron bars and angle-iron.

Shukhov's patent for an azhurnaia bashnia was submitted in 1896 and awarded in 1899. The hyperbolic form of the tower is remarkably similar to that of the pseudosphere Pseudosphere

In geometry [i], a pseudosphere, or tractricoid in the traditional usage, is the result of revolvi ... 

 used to illustrate explanations of Lobachevskii's disproof of Euclid's parallel postulate. Shukhov built his first azhurnaia bashnia as a water tower for the 1896 All-Russian Exposition All-Russia exhibition 1896

The All-Russia industrial and art exhibition 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod [i] was held from May 28 till Octob ... 

.

Over the next twenty years, he designed and built close to two hundred of these towers, no two exactly alike, most with heights in the range of 15m to 40m. The world’s first hyperboloid Hyperboloid

In mathematics [i], a hyperboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimension [i]s, described ... 

 tower Tower

A tower is a tall man-made structure, always taller than it is wide, and usually much higher.... 

 is located in Polibino of the Lipetsk Lipetsk

Lipetsk is a city located in the Central Federal District [i] of Russia [i]. ... 

 region of Russia Russia

Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country [i] that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia [i] ... 

.

At least as early as 1911, Shukhov began experimenting with the concept of forming a tower out of stacked sections of hyperboloids. Stacking the sections permitted the form of the tower to taper more at the top, with a less pronounced “waist” between the shape-defining rings at bottom and top. Increasing the number of sections would increase the tapering of the overall form, to the point that it began to resemble a cone.


By 1918 Shukhov had developed this concept into the design of a nine-section stacked hyperboloid radio Radio

Radio is the wireless transmission of signals [i], by modulation [i] of electromagnetic waves [i] ... 

 transmission tower for Moscow Moscow

Moscow is the capital [i] of Russia [i] and the country's principal political, economic, financial, edu ... 

. Shukhov designed a 350m tower, which would have surpassed the Eiffel tower Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower is an iron [i] tower [i] built on the Champ de Mars [i] beside the River Seine [i] ... 

 in height by 50m, while using less than a quarter of the amount of material. His design, as well as the full set of supporting calculations analyzing the hyperbolic geometry and sizing the network of members, was completed by February of 1919; however, the 2200 tons of steel required to build the tower to 350m were not available. In July 1919, Lenin decreed that the tower should be built to a height of 150m, and the necessary steel was to be made available from the army’s supplies. Construction of the smaller tower with six stacked hyperboloids began within a few months, and Shukhov Tower Shukhov Tower

The Shukhov radio tower, also known as the Shabolovka tower is a tower [i] in Moscow [i]. ... 

 was completed by March of 1922.


Antoni Gaudi Antoni Gaudí

Antoni Gaud i Cornet, in Spanish also known as Antonio Gaud was a Spanish [i] Catalan [i] ... 

 and Shukhov carried out experiments with hyperboloid Hyperboloid

In mathematics [i], a hyperboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimension [i]s, described ... 

 structures practically simultaneously in 1880-1895. They did those experiments independently from each other. Antoni Gaudi used structures in the form of hyperbolic paraboloid Paraboloid

In mathematics [i], a paraboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimensions, described by t ... 

  and hyperboloid of revolution in the Sagrada Familia Sagrada Familia

La Sagrada Familia is a large Roman Catholic [i] basilica [i] under construction in Barcelona [i], Catalonia [i] ... 

 in 1910 . In the Palau Güell Palau Güell

The Palau Gell is a town mansion in Barcelona [i], Spain [i] designed by the Catalan architect [i] Antoni Gaud [i] ... 

, there is one set of interior columns along the main facade with hyperbolic capitals. Also, it appears that the crown of the the famous parabolic vault is a hyperboloid Hyperboloid

In mathematics [i], a hyperboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimension [i]s, described ... 

. The vault of one of the stables at the Church of Colònia Güell appears to be a hyperboloid. There is one unique column of sorts in the Park Güell Park Güell

Park Gell is a garden complex with architectural [i] elements situated on the hill of el Carmel [i] ... 

 that is a hyperboloid. Also, in the Sagrada Familia Sagrada Familia

La Sagrada Familia is a large Roman Catholic [i] basilica [i] under construction in Barcelona [i], Catalonia [i] ... 

, there are a few places on the nativity facade Facade

A facade is generally the exterior of a building [i], especially the front, but also sometimes the sides ... 

 - a design not equated with Gaudi's ruled-surface design, where the hyperboloid Hyperboloid

In mathematics [i], a hyperboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimension [i]s, described ... 

 crops up. All around the scene with the pelican, there are numberous examples . There is a hyperboloid adding structural stability to the cypress tree . And finally, the "bishop's mitre" spires are capped with hyperboloid Hyperboloid

In mathematics [i], a hyperboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimension [i]s, described ... 

s.

The famous Spanish engineer and architect Eduardo Torroja designed thin-shell Thin-shell structure

Thin-shell structures can be defined as curved structures capable of transmitting loads in more than two... 

  and the roof of in the form of hyperboloid Hyperboloid

In mathematics [i], a hyperboloid is a quadric [i], a type of surface in three dimension [i]s, described ... 

 of revolution.

Le Corbusier Le Corbusier

Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, widely known as Le Corbusier , was a Swiss [i] architect [i] ... 

 and Félix Candela used hyperboloid structures .

The Georgia Dome Georgia Dome

The Georgia Dome is a domed stadium [i] located in Atlanta, Georgia [i].... 

 is the first Hypar-Tensegrity Dome Dome

A dome is a common structural element of architecture [i] that resembles the hollow upper half of a ... 

 to be built .

See also



  • Vladimir Shukhov Vladimir Shukhov

    Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov, was a great Russia [i]n engineer renowned for his pioneering works on new... 

    , Shukhov Tower Shukhov Tower

    The Shukhov radio tower, also known as the Shabolovka tower is a tower [i] in Moscow [i]. ... 

  • All-Russian Exposition 1896 All-Russia exhibition 1896

    The All-Russia industrial and art exhibition 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod [i] was held from May 28 till Octob ... 

  • Antoni Gaudí Antoni Gaudí

    Antoni Gaud i Cornet, in Spanish also known as Antonio Gaud was a Spanish [i] Catalan [i] ... 

    , Sagrada Familia Sagrada Familia

    La Sagrada Familia is a large Roman Catholic [i] basilica [i] under construction in Barcelona [i], Catalonia [i] ... 

  • Oscar Niemeyer Oscar Niemeyer

    Oscar Niemeyer Soares Filho is a Brazil [i]ian architect [i] who is considered one of the most importan ... 

    , Cathedral of Brasília Cathedral of Brasília

    ... 

  • Ješted Tower Ješted Tower

    ... 

  • Kobe Port Tower
  • Ieoh Ming Pei I. M. Pei

    Ieoh Ming Pei , commonly known by his initials I.... 

    ,
  • Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower

    Located in the city of Guangzhou, China [i], Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower will be the tallest free ... 

  • Ken Shuttleworth,
  • Ricardo Bofill Ricardo Bofill

    Ricardo Bofill is a Spanish [i] architect [i] of a Jewish [i] descent.

... 

, , El Prat International Airport Barcelona International Airport

BCN redirects here.... 

, Barcelona Barcelona

Barcelona – Greek [i]: ; Latin [i]: Barcino, Barcelo , and Barceno' ... 

, Spain Spain

Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain , is a Europe [i]an parliamentary monarchy [i].... 


  • Shukhov tower on the Oka River Shukhov tower on the Oka River

    Shukhov Tower on the Oka River is the worlds only surviving hyperboloid [i] electricity pylon [i]... 




  • Tensile architecture Tensile architecture

    Tensile architecture is a relatively new field of architecture [i] devoted to lightweight membrane struc ... 

  • Tensile structure Tensile structure

    A tensile structure is a building [i] that is made from materials under tension this could be a cable-n ... 

  • Georgia Dome Georgia Dome

    The Georgia Dome is a domed stadium [i] located in Atlanta, Georgia [i].... 

  • Hyperbolic roof Olympic Stadium, Munich Olympic Stadium (Munich)

    At the heart of the Olympiapark Mnchen [i] in northern Munich [i], the Olympiastadion was the main v ... 

  • Hyperbolic paraboloid roof Pengrowth Saddledome Pengrowth Saddledome

    The Pengrowth Saddledome is the main indoor arena [i] facility in Calgary [i], Canada [i] ... 




  • Thin-shell structure Thin-shell structure

    Thin-shell structures can be defined as curved structures capable of transmitting loads in more than two... 

  • Le Corbusier Le Corbusier

    Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, widely known as Le Corbusier , was a Swiss [i] architect [i] ... 

    ,
  • Le Corbusier Le Corbusier

    Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, widely known as Le Corbusier , was a Swiss [i] architect [i] ... 

    , Iannis Xenakis Iannis Xenakis

    Iannis Xenakis was a Greek [i] composer [i] and architect [i] who spent much of his life in Paris [i] ... 

    ,
  • Gyo Obata Gyo Obata

    Gyo Obata is a significant American [i] architect.

... 

, the McDonnell Planetarium in St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri

St. Louis , sometimes written Saint Louis, encompasses an independent city [i] in the U.S. state [i] ... 


  • Hyperbolic paraboloid roof Apache Plaza
  • Cooling tower Cooling tower

    Cooling towers are evaporative cooler [i]s used for cooling water or other working medium to near-ambient temperature [i] ... 



References




  • by
  • , 1972, Ciechanow Ciechanów

    Ciechanw is a town in north-central Poland [i] with 47,900 inhabitants. ... 

    , Poland Poland

    Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country located in Central Europe [i]. ... 

  • , 2000, Manchester Manchester

    The City of Manchester is a major city [i] and metropolitan borough [i] in the North [i] of England [i], ... 

    , England England

    England is the largest and most populous constituent country [i] of the United Kingdom [i]. ... 

  • by Daniel Roth and Alexander Kohm, 2003, Zurich Zürich

    Zrich is the largest city in Switzerland [i] and capital [i] of the canton of Zrich [i]. ... 

    , Swiss Switzerland

    Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked [i] Alpine country [i] in Central Europe [i] ... 

  • "The Nijni-Novgorod exhibition: Water tower, room under construction, springing of 91 feet span", "The Engineer", ? 19.3.1897, P.292-294, London, 1897.
  • : , S.192, Stuttgart, DVA, 1990.
  • : a dissertation in architecture, 264p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.