Hylarana
Encyclopedia
Hylarana is a widespread genus
of true frog
s found in tropical Africa
, Asia
, and Australia
. It includes around 86 species
.
of the genus Rana
. It was recognized as a distinct genus in 2005. Several genera were further split from Hylarana in 2006 but are now treated again as junior synonyms of Hylarana.
Hylarana belongs to the subfamily Raninae of the true frog family
Ranidae.
to the Western Ghats
of India
, through Nepal
and southern China
and Taiwan
, down to Southeast Asia
to the Philippines
and Papua New Guinea
, and in Northern Australia
. They are also found in tropical Africa
.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of true frog
True frog
The true frogs, family Ranidae, have the widest distribution of any frog family. They are abundant throughout most of the world, occurring on most continents except Antarctica...
s found in tropical Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, and Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. It includes around 86 species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
.
Taxonomy
Hylarana was previously considered to be a subgenusSubgenus
In biology, a subgenus is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.In zoology, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the Tiger Cowry of the Indo-Pacific, Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, which...
of the genus Rana
Rana
Rana may refer to:In education:* Rana Institute of Higher Education, AfghanistanIn entertainment and sports:* Rana , forthcoming Indian film* Moon , the moon Rána in Tolkien's Middle-earth...
. It was recognized as a distinct genus in 2005. Several genera were further split from Hylarana in 2006 but are now treated again as junior synonyms of Hylarana.
Hylarana belongs to the subfamily Raninae of the true frog family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Ranidae.
Distribution
Species of Hylarana are found from Sri LankaSri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
to the Western Ghats
Western Ghats
The Western Ghats, Western Ghauts or the Sahyādri is a mountain range along the western side of India. It runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the Arabian Sea. The Western Ghats block rainfall to the Deccan...
of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, through Nepal
Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
and southern China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, down to Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
to the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
and Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
, and in Northern Australia
Northern Australia
The term northern Australia is generally known to include two State and Territories, being Queensland and the Northern Territory . The part of Western Australia north of latitude 26° south—a definition widely used in law and State government policy—is also usually included...
. They are also found in tropical Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
.
Species
Hylarana currently contains around 86 species, they are the following:- Hylarana albolabris (Hallowell, 1856)
- Hylarana albotuberculataHylarana albotuberculataHylarana albotuberculata, commonly known as the Cabalian frog or the Leyte slender stream frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to the islands of Leyte, Samar, and Mindanao in the Philippines....
(Inger, 1954) - Hylarana amnicola Perret, 1977
- Hylarana arfakiHylarana arfakiHylarana arfaki is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea....
(Meyer, 1875) - Hylarana asperrima Perret, 1977
- Hylarana attiguaHylarana attiguaHylarana attigua is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Laos and Vietnam....
(Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999) - Hylarana aurantiaca (Boulenger, 1904) - golden frog, small wood frog, common wood frog
- Hylarana aurataHylarana aurataHylarana aurata is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia....
(Günther, 2003) - Hylarana banjaranaHylarana banjaranaHylarana banjarana is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Malaysia, Thailand, and possibly Indonesia....
(Leong and Lim, 2003) - Hylarana baramicaHylarana baramicaHylarana baramica, commonly known as the masked rough-sided frog or the Baram river Frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is found in the Baram river in Sarawak, Malaysia....
(Boettger, 1900) - masked rough-sided frog, golden-eared rough-sided frog, Baram River frog, or brown marsh frog - Hylarana celebensisHylarana celebensisHylarana celebensis is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia....
(Peters, 1872) - Hylarana chalconotaHylarana chalconotaHylarana chalconota is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia. It is commonly known as Schlegel's frog, brown stream frog, copper-cheeked frog, and white-lipped frog....
(Schlegel, 1837) - Hylarana chitwanensis (Das, 1998)
- Hylarana crassiovisHylarana crassiovisHylarana crassiovis is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia....
(Boulenger, 1920) - Hylarana cubitalis (Smith, 1917)
- Hylarana daemeli (Steindachner, 1868) - Australian wood frog
- Hylarana darlingi (Boulenger, 1902)
- Hylarana debussyiHylarana debussyiHylarana debussyi is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia....
(Van Kampen, 1910) - Hylarana elbertiHylarana elbertiHylarana elberti is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia and Timor-Leste....
(Roux, 1911) - Hylarana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837) - common green frog, green paddy frog, leaf frog, or red-eared frog
- Hylarana eschatiaHylarana eschatiaHylarana eschatia is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is found in southern and peninsular Thailand, but is likely to be more widespread....
(Inger, Stuart, and Iskandar, 2009) - Hylarana everettiHylarana everettiHylarana everetti is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is endemic to the island of Mindanao in the Philippines....
(Boulenger, 1882) - Hylarana faber (Ohler, Swan, and Daltry, 2002)
- Hylarana florensisHylarana florensisHylarana florensis, commonly known as the Floresian frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to the islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores in Indonesia....
(Boulenger, 1897) - Floresian frog - Hylarana fonensis (Rödel and Bangoura, 2004)
- Hylarana galamensis (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
- Hylarana garoensis (Boulenger, 1920)
- Hylarana garritorHylarana garritorHylarana garritor is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea....
(Menzies, 1987) - Hylarana glandulosaHylarana glandulosaHylarana glandulosa, commonly known as the rough-sided frog or the glandular frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and possibly Myanmar....
(Boulenger, 1882) - rough-sided frog or glandular frog - Hylarana gracilisHylarana gracilisHylarana gracilis or Gravenhorst's frog is a species of frog in the Ranidae family. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.Its natural habitats are freshwater marshes, agricultural lands, and grassland and bush forests....
(Gravenhorst, 1829) - Gravenhorst's frog - Hylarana grandoculaHylarana grandoculaHylarana grandocula is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to the islands of Basilan, Bohol, Camiguin Sur, Dinagat, Samar, and Mindanao in the Philippines....
(Taylor, 1920) - Hylarana griseaHylarana griseaHylarana grisea is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Irian Jaya, Indonesia....
(Van Kampen, 1913) - Hylarana guentheri (Boulenger, 1882) - Günther's frog
- Hylarana hekouensisHylarana hekouensisHylarana hekouensis, commonly known as the Hekou frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is known only from Nanxi, Hekou County, Yunnan, China, but might be present in adjacent areas in Vietnam....
Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2008 - Hekou frog - Hylarana igorotaHylarana igorotaHylarana igorota is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Cordillera Central of the island of Luzon, Philippines....
(Taylor, 1922) - Hylarana jimiensisHylarana jimiensisHylarana jimiensis is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea...
(Tyler, 1963) - Hylarana kampeniHylarana kampeniHylarana kampeni is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia....
(Boulenger, 1920) - Hylarana krefftiHylarana krefftiHylarana kreffti is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands....
(Boulenger, 1882) - Hylarana labialisHylarana labialisHylarana labialis is also known as the White-lipped Frog. This species has dark green to pale yellow skin, with or without brown spots on the back and has an upper lip which is creamy yellow or white.-References:...
(Boulenger, 1887) - forest white-lipped frog - Hylarana laterimaculataHylarana laterimaculataHylarana laterimaculata, commonly known as the lesser swamp frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand....
(Barbour and Noble, 1916) - lesser swamp frog - Hylarana latouchii (Boulenger, 1899)
- Hylarana lemairei (De Witte, 1921)
- Hylarana leptoglossaHylarana leptoglossaHylarana leptoglossa, commonly known as the long-tongued frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, and Thailand. It is also known under the common names of Cope's frog and Cope's Assam frog....
(Cope, 1868) - long-tongued frog, Cope's Assam frog, or Cope's frog - Hylarana lepus (Andersson, 1903)
- Hylarana longipes (Perret, 1960)
- Hylarana luctuosaHylarana luctuosaHylarana luctuosa, also known as the mahogany frog or purple frog, is a species of true frog. It is reddish to chocolate brown, bordered by a narrow cream dorsolateral line on each side, beginning at the tip of the snout to above the vent....
(Peters, 1871) - mahogany frog or purple frog - Hylarana luzonensisHylarana luzonensisHylarana luzonensis is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to the island of Luzon in the Philippines....
(Boulenger, 1896) - Hylarana macrodactylaHylarana macrodactylaHylarana macrodactyla is a species of frog in the Ranidae family. It is also known as the Guangdong frog, three-striped grass frog and the marbled slender frog....
Günther, 1858 - Guangdong frog, three-striped grass frog, or marbled slender frog - Hylarana macropsHylarana macropsHylarana macrops is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia....
(Boulenger, 1897) - Hylarana malabaricaHylarana malabaricaHylarana malabarica, commonly known as the fungoid frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to India....
(Tschudi, 1838) - fungoid frog - Hylarana mangyanumHylarana mangyanumHylarana mangyanum is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to the islands of Mindoro and Sibay in the Philippines. It is endangered....
(Brown and Guttman, 2002) - Hylarana maosonensis Bourret, 1937
- Hylarana margarianaHylarana margarianaHylarana margariana is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native Myanmar and may be present in China....
Anderson, 1879 - Hylarana megalonesaHylarana megalonesaHylarana megalonesa is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Malaysia and possibly Indonesia....
(Inger, Stuart, and Iskandar, 2009) - Hylarana melanomentaHylarana melanomentaHylarana melanomenta is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to the Sulu Archipelago of the Philippines....
(Taylor, 1920) - Hylarana menglaensisHylarana menglaensisHylarana menglaensis is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Mengla, Menghai, and Ximeng Counties of Yunnan, China. It may also be present in adjacent areas in Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar....
Fei, Ye, and Xie, 2008 - Hylarana milletiHylarana milletiHylarana milleti is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Cambodia, China, Thailand, Vietnam, and possibly Laos....
(Smith, 1921) - Hylarana milneanaHylarana milneanaHylarana milneana is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Papua New Guinea....
(Loveridge, 1948) - Hylarana mocquardiHylarana mocquardiHylarana mocquardi is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is known only from Sulawesi, Indonesia....
(Werner, 1901) - Hylarana moellendorffiHylarana moellendorffiHylarana moellendorffi is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is endemic to the Palawan islands of the Philippines....
(Boettger, 1893) - Hylarana moluccanaHylarana moluccanaHylarana moluccana is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to the Maluku Islands of Indonesia....
(Boettger, 1895) - Hylarana montivagaHylarana montivagaHylarana montivaga is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Thailand and Vietnam, and may also be present in Laos and Cambodia....
(Smith, 1921) - Hylarana mortenseniHylarana mortenseniHylarana mortenseni is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Cambodia and Thailand....
(Boulenger, 1903) - Hylarana nicobariensisHylarana nicobariensisHylarana nicobariensis is an amphibian of the genus Hylarana, which can be found in lowland secondary forests or disturbed areas such as swamps....
(Stoliczka, 1870) - Hylarana nigrovittataHylarana nigrovittataHylarana nigrovittata is also known as the sapgreen stream frog, is a species of frog in the Ranidae family. It is found in Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and possibly Bangladesh....
(Blyth, 1856) - sapgreen stream frog - Hylarana novaeguineaeHylarana novaeguineaeHylarana novaeguineae is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea....
(Van Kampen, 1909) - Hylarana occidentalis (Perret, 1960)
- Hylarana papuaHylarana papuaHylarana papua is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or...
(Lesson, 1826) - Hylarana parkeriana (Mertens, 1938)
- Hylarana parvacolaHylarana parvacolaHylarana parvacola is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is found in West Sumatra in Indonesia....
(Inger, Stuart, and Iskandar, 2009) - Hylarana persimilisHylarana persimilisHylarana persimilis is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Sumatra, Indonesia....
(Van Kampen, 1923) - Hylarana picturata (Boulenger, 1920) - spotted stream frog
- Hylarana ranicepsHylarana ranicepsHylarana raniceps is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Brunei Darussalam, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and possibly Myanmar....
(Peters, 1871) - Hylarana rufipesHylarana rufipesHylarana rufipes is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It was found in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia....
(Inger, Stuart, and Iskandar, 2009) - Hylarana scutigeraHylarana scutigeraHylarana scutigera is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Thailand....
(Andersson, 1916) - Hylarana siberuHylarana siberuHylarana siberu, commonly known as the Siberut Island frog, is a species of true frog. It resembles the Hylarana picturata, but can be distinguished by its continuous dorsolateral stripe, an immaculate dorsum without spots and the males lack nuptial pads...
(Dring, McCarthy, and Whitten, 1990) - Siberut Island frog - Hylarana signataHylarana signataHylarana signata, commonly known as the striped stream frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand....
(Günther, 1872) - striped stream frog - Hylarana similisHylarana similisHylarana similis is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Luzon and surrounding smaller islands in the Philippines....
(Günther, 1873) - Hylarana spinulosaHylarana spinulosaHylarana spinulosa is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to southern China....
(Smith, 1923) - Hylarana supragriseaHylarana supragriseaHylarana supragrisea is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea....
(Menzies, 1987) - Hylarana taipehensisHylarana taipehensisHylarana taipehensis, commonly known as the two-striped grass frog, is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam....
(Van Denburgh, 1909) - two-striped grass frog - Hylarana temporalis (Günther, 1864) - bronzed frog
- Hylarana tipananHylarana tipananHylarana tipanan is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to the Sierra Madre mountains of the island of Luzon, Philippines....
(Brown, McGuire, and Diesmos, 2000) - Hylarana tytleri Theobald, 1868
- Hylarana volkerjaneHylarana volkerjaneHylarana volkerjane is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Indonesia....
(Günther, 2003) - Hylarana waliesaHylarana waliesaHylarana waliesa is a species of true frog in the genus Hylarana. It is native to Papua New Guinea....
(Kraus and Allison, 2007)
See also
- RanaRana (genus)Rana is a genus of frogs. Species include such archetypal pond frogs as the common frog of Europe, brown frogs, and the New and Old World true frogs, including the various species of leopard frogs and the American bullfrog. Members of this genus are found through much of Eurasia, North America,...