Hydromorphinol
Encyclopedia
Hydromorphinol is an opiate
Opiate
In medicine, the term opiate describes any of the narcotic opioid alkaloids found as natural products in the opium poppy plant.-Overview:Opiates are so named because they are constituents or derivatives of constituents found in opium, which is processed from the latex sap of the opium poppy,...

 analogue that is a derivative of morphine
Morphine
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more...

, where the 14-position has been hydroxylated and the 7,8- double bond saturated. It has similar effects to morphine such as sedation
Sedation
Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure...

, analgesia and respiratory depression, but is more potent and has a steeper dose-response curve and longer half-life. It is used in medicine as the bitartrate salt (free base conversion ratio 0.643, molecular weight 471.5) and hydrochloride (free base conversion ratio 0.770, molecular weight 393.9)

Hydromorphinol was developed in Austria in 1932. It is available, and commonly used, as a medicine in Sweden; in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, it was never available and is classified as a Schedule I drug.

Hydromorphinol is metabolised mainly in the liver in the same fashion as many other opioids and is itself a minor active metabolite of 14-Hydroxydihydrocodeine
14-Hydroxydihydrocodeine
14-Hydroxydihydrocodeine is an opiate analgesic drug, which is also an active metabolite of oxycodone....

, an uncommonly-used opiate (but is also therefore an active metabolite too of a first order active metabolite of oxycodone
Oxycodone
Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic medication synthesized from opium-derived thebaine. It was developed in 1916 in Germany, as one of several new semi-synthetic opioids in an attempt to improve on the existing opioids: morphine, diacetylmorphine , and codeine.Oxycodone oral medications are generally...

).

It is distributed under the trade name Numorphan in some countries, whereas this trade name is used for oxymorphone
Oxymorphone
Oxymorphone or 14-Hydroxydihydromorphinone is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid analgesic first developed in Germany circa 1914, patented in the USA by Endo Pharmaceuticals in 1955 and introduced to the United States market in January 1959 and other countries around the same time...

much more commonly. It is controlled under the Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs.
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