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Huelmo/Mascardi Cold Reversal

 

 
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Huelmo/Mascardi Cold Reversal
 
 
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The Huelmo/Mascardi Cold Reversal (HMCR) is the name given to a cooling event in South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
 between 11,400 and 10,200 14C
Carbon-14

Carbon-14, 14C, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon discovered on February 27, 1940, by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, California, though its existence had been suggested already in 1934 by Franz Kurie....
 years BP
Before Present

Before Present years are a time scale used in archaeology, geology, and other science disciplines to specify when events in the past occurred. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1950 Common_Era as the arbitrary origin of the age scale....
. This cooling began about 550 years before the Younger Dryas
Younger Dryas

The Younger Dryas stadial, named after the alpine/tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala, and also referred to as the Big Freeze, was a brief cold climate period following the B?lling/Aller?d Oscillation interstadial at the end of the Pleistocene between approximately 12,800 to 11,500 years Before Present, and preceding the Boreal of t...
 cooling in the Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of the equator?the word sphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator....
, and both periods ended at about the same time.

The event was given its name from the Huelmo, Chile
Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
, and Lago Mascardi, Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
 (Nahuel Huapi National Park
Nahuel Huapi National Park

Nahuel Huapi National Park is the oldest National Parks of Argentina, in Patagonia in the foothills of the Andes mountains. It was established in 1934, but the nucleus of the park is the land donated to the federal government by Francisco Moreno in 1903....
) sites where it was detected and dated.

The HMCR cooling event began with the accentuation of a cooling period which began 12,400 14C yr BP.






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The Huelmo/Mascardi Cold Reversal (HMCR) is the name given to a cooling event in South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
 between 11,400 and 10,200 14C
Carbon-14

Carbon-14, 14C, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon discovered on February 27, 1940, by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, California, though its existence had been suggested already in 1934 by Franz Kurie....
 years BP
Before Present

Before Present years are a time scale used in archaeology, geology, and other science disciplines to specify when events in the past occurred. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use 1950 Common_Era as the arbitrary origin of the age scale....
. This cooling began about 550 years before the Younger Dryas
Younger Dryas

The Younger Dryas stadial, named after the alpine/tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala, and also referred to as the Big Freeze, was a brief cold climate period following the B?lling/Aller?d Oscillation interstadial at the end of the Pleistocene between approximately 12,800 to 11,500 years Before Present, and preceding the Boreal of t...
 cooling in the Northern Hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of the equator?the word sphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator....
, and both periods ended at about the same time.

The event was given its name from the Huelmo, Chile
Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
, and Lago Mascardi, Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
 (Nahuel Huapi National Park
Nahuel Huapi National Park

Nahuel Huapi National Park is the oldest National Parks of Argentina, in Patagonia in the foothills of the Andes mountains. It was established in 1934, but the nucleus of the park is the land donated to the federal government by Francisco Moreno in 1903....
) sites where it was detected and dated.

The HMCR cooling event began with the accentuation of a cooling period which began 12,400 14C yr BP. The 11,400 14C yr BP ( (13,400 calendar years BP) event onset took place 400-700 years before the onset of the Younger Dryas event. The 10,200 14C yr BP (circa 11,500 cal yr BP) end date is difficult to calibrate to a calendar year because it took place during a radiocarbon age plateau
Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating, or carbon dating, is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years....
. The end of the HMCR also marked the end of the cooling period.