Hranice (Cheb District)
Encyclopedia
Hranice is a border town in Cheb District
in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic
. In 2005 the village had a population of 2,272.
, at about 575 meters above sea level.
It neighbors with Trojmezí to the west, Pastviny to the southwest, Studánka to the south, Bad Elster
(Germany
) to the southeast, Gettengrün (Germany) to the northeast and Ebmath (Germany) to the north.
. Until that time, Hranice was the property of the Neuberg
. At the end of the 14th century, the Neubergs ran into financial trouble. After that, the Zedwitz controlled Hranice and the whole Aš-region for almost 500 years.
In 1542, Lutheranism
appeared in the village for the first time.
In 1633, the bubonic plague
killed 40 people.
In 1822 a new school was built, in 1850 a post office was opened and in 1868 the first fire squad was established.
In 1881, the emperor Joseph I
gave Hranice market rights.
expanded rapidly in whole Aš-region, include in Hranice. In 1806, a local textile factories was one the most successful in Bohemia
, but only until 1840. In that year, a new road through the town was rejected by the local council. Because there was no railway connection and only bad roads, the textile industry in Hranice began to decline. Two new railway routes - Aš-Hranice (1885) and Hranice-Adorf (1906) - helped local industry greatly.
, Hranice was almost ruined, and people suffered with misery and famine after many months without deliveries of food and hygienic supplies.
After World War I, in the Aš region, the Henlein
movement was inaugurated. This led to the Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront (SHF), in Hranice. The Aš-region, which includes Hranice, was passed on to Hitler
by Henlein before the Munich Agreement
.
The US Army, under command of General Cliff Andrus, came to Hranice on April 18, 1945. Hranice was the first Czechoslovak
town which surrendered to the Allies.
, Hranice means Border. The Old German name Rossbach means Horse Brook.
Cheb District
Cheb District is a district within Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the city of Cheb.-Complete list of towns and villages:Aš -Cheb -Dolní Žandov -Drmoul -...
in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. In 2005 the village had a population of 2,272.
Geography
Hranice lies in northernmost part of Aš-region, 12 kilometres north from AšAš
Aš is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic.-History:Previously uninhabited hills and swamps, the town of Asch was founded in the early 11th century by German colonists. Slavic settlements in the area are not known. The dialect spoken in the town was that of the Upper Palatinate,...
, at about 575 meters above sea level.
It neighbors with Trojmezí to the west, Pastviny to the southwest, Studánka to the south, Bad Elster
Bad Elster
Bad Elster is a spa town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It lies on the border of Bavaria and the Czech Republic in the Elster gebirge hills. It is situated on the river Weiße Elster, and is protected from extremes of temperature by the surrounding wooded...
(Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
) to the southeast, Gettengrün (Germany) to the northeast and Ebmath (Germany) to the north.
History
Hranice was first mentioned in 1413, when it was bought by the ZedtwitzZedtwitz
Zedtwitz is a noble house from Bohemia and Germany. Between c. 1400]and c. 1945 controlled region around town of Aš.* Curt Franz Wenzel Christoph Erdmann Zedtwitz, Graf von Moraván und Duppau...
. Until that time, Hranice was the property of the Neuberg
Neipperg
Neipperg refers to:* Part of Brackenheim, Germany* County of Neipperg, a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1431, centred on Schwaigern, mediatised to the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806...
. At the end of the 14th century, the Neubergs ran into financial trouble. After that, the Zedwitz controlled Hranice and the whole Aš-region for almost 500 years.
In 1542, Lutheranism
Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther, a German reformer. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation...
appeared in the village for the first time.
In 1633, the bubonic plague
Bubonic plague
Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis, named after the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin. Primarily carried by rodents and spread to humans via fleas, the disease is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death...
killed 40 people.
In 1822 a new school was built, in 1850 a post office was opened and in 1868 the first fire squad was established.
In 1881, the emperor Joseph I
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans was the elder son of Emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg....
gave Hranice market rights.
Textile industry
From the 19th century the textile industryTextile industry
The textile industry is primarily concerned with the production of yarn, and cloth and the subsequent design or manufacture of clothing and their distribution. The raw material may be natural, or synthetic using products of the chemical industry....
expanded rapidly in whole Aš-region, include in Hranice. In 1806, a local textile factories was one the most successful in Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...
, but only until 1840. In that year, a new road through the town was rejected by the local council. Because there was no railway connection and only bad roads, the textile industry in Hranice began to decline. Two new railway routes - Aš-Hranice (1885) and Hranice-Adorf (1906) - helped local industry greatly.
World Wars
During World War IWorld War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, Hranice was almost ruined, and people suffered with misery and famine after many months without deliveries of food and hygienic supplies.
After World War I, in the Aš region, the Henlein
Konrad Henlein
Konrad Ernst Eduard Henlein was a leading pro-Nazi ethnic German politician in Czechoslovakia and leader of Sudeten German separatists...
movement was inaugurated. This led to the Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront (SHF), in Hranice. The Aš-region, which includes Hranice, was passed on to Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
by Henlein before the Munich Agreement
Munich Agreement
The Munich Pact was an agreement permitting the Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland. The Sudetenland were areas along Czech borders, mainly inhabited by ethnic Germans. The agreement was negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe without...
.
The US Army, under command of General Cliff Andrus, came to Hranice on April 18, 1945. Hranice was the first Czechoslovak
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
town which surrendered to the Allies.
The name of the town
In CzechCzech language
Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century...
, Hranice means Border. The Old German name Rossbach means Horse Brook.
Buildings
- Evangelic church built in the 14th century,
- Catholic church of the Virgin Mary built in 1894,
Memorials
- World War IWorld War IWorld War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
Memorial from 1928, - World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
Memorial, - RAF pilot memorial which crashed here during World War II.