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The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic
Germanic peoples

File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....
 royal
Royal family

A royal family is the extended family of a king or queen regnant. The term "imperial family" more appropriately describes the extended family of an emperor or empress regnant, while the terms "ducal family", "grand ducal family" or "princely family" are more appropriate in reference to the relatives of a reigning duke, grand duke, or prince....
 dynasty
Dynasty

A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations. A dynasty is also often called a "Royal House", e.g. the House of Saud or House of Habsburg....
 which has ruled the Duchy
Duchy

A duchy is a territory, fiefdom, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereignty in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ....
 of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Brunswick-Lüneburg

Brunswick-L?neburg was a historical duchy during the period from the late Middle Ages through the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire....
 , the Kingdom of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover

The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October of 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III of the United Kingdom to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic wars....
 and the Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a country in North-West Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1801....
 and the Kingdom of Ireland
Kingdom of Ireland

The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to the Irish state from 1541, by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. It was based on the contested legitimacy of the right of conquest....
. It succeeded the House of Stuart
House of Stuart

The House of Stuart, also known as the House of Stewart is an important European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century....
 as monarchs of Great Britain
Great Britain

Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the List of islands by area, and the largest in Europe. With a population of 58.9 million people it is List of islands by population....
 and Ireland
Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
 in 1714 and held that office until the death of Victoria in 1901. They are sometimes referred to as the House of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Hanover line. The House of Hanover is a younger branch of the House of Welf, which in turn is the senior branch of the House of Este, with all three being offshoots of the ancient Saxon House of Wettin.

Queen Victoria
Victoria of the United Kingdom

Victoria was from 20 June 1837 the Queen regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and from 1 May 1876 the first Empress of India of the British Raj until her death....
 was the granddaughter of George III
George III of the United Kingdom

George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
, and was a descendant of most major European royal houses.






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The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic
Germanic peoples

File:Germanische-ratsversammlung 1-1250x715.jpgThe Germanic peoples are a historical Ethnolinguistics group, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Indo-European languages Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age....
 royal
Royal family

A royal family is the extended family of a king or queen regnant. The term "imperial family" more appropriately describes the extended family of an emperor or empress regnant, while the terms "ducal family", "grand ducal family" or "princely family" are more appropriate in reference to the relatives of a reigning duke, grand duke, or prince....
 dynasty
Dynasty

A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations. A dynasty is also often called a "Royal House", e.g. the House of Saud or House of Habsburg....
 which has ruled the Duchy
Duchy

A duchy is a territory, fiefdom, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.Some duchies were sovereignty in areas that would become unified realms only during the Modern era ....
 of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Brunswick-Lüneburg

Brunswick-L?neburg was a historical duchy during the period from the late Middle Ages through the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire....
 , the Kingdom of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover

The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October of 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III of the United Kingdom to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic wars....
 and the Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a country in North-West Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1801....
 and the Kingdom of Ireland
Kingdom of Ireland

The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to the Irish state from 1541, by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. It was based on the contested legitimacy of the right of conquest....
. It succeeded the House of Stuart
House of Stuart

The House of Stuart, also known as the House of Stewart is an important European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century....
 as monarchs of Great Britain
Great Britain

Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the List of islands by area, and the largest in Europe. With a population of 58.9 million people it is List of islands by population....
 and Ireland
Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
 in 1714 and held that office until the death of Victoria in 1901. They are sometimes referred to as the House of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Hanover line. The House of Hanover is a younger branch of the House of Welf, which in turn is the senior branch of the House of Este, with all three being offshoots of the ancient Saxon House of Wettin.

Queen Victoria
Victoria of the United Kingdom

Victoria was from 20 June 1837 the Queen regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and from 1 May 1876 the first Empress of India of the British Raj until her death....
 was the granddaughter of George III
George III of the United Kingdom

George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
, and was a descendant of most major European royal houses. She arranged marriages for her children and grandchildren across the continent, tying Europe together; this earned her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe." She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover; her son King Edward VII
Edward VII of the United Kingdom

Edward VII was Monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910....
 belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was formerly the Royal House of several European monarchies, and branches currently reign in Belgium through the descendants of L?opold I of Belgium, and in the United Kingdom and its associated Commonwealth realms through the descendants of Prince Albert....
 since she could not inherit the German kingdom
Kingdom of Hanover

The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October of 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III of the United Kingdom to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic wars....
 and duchies under Salic law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
. Those possessions passed to the next eligible male heir, her uncle Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, the Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale
Duke of Cumberland

Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British royal family, named after the county of Cumberland....
—the fifth son of George III. In the United Kingdom, after World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
, King George V
George V of the United Kingdom

George V was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha....
 changed the house's name from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the currently serving House of Windsor
House of Windsor

The House of Windsor is the current Royal House of the United Kingdom and each of the other Commonwealth realms. The royal house was created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by George V by a royal proclamation in 1917....
 in 1917. Both dynastic names are offshoots of the 800-plus years old House of Wettin.

History

George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

George was duke of Brunswick-L?neburg.He was son to William, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg and Dorothea of Denmark . His mother was daughter to Christian III of Denmark and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg....
, is considered the first member of the House of Hanover. When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Brunswick-Lüneburg

Brunswick-L?neburg was a historical duchy during the period from the late Middle Ages through the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire....
 was divided in 1635, George inherited the principalities of Calenberg and Göttingen
Principality of Göttingen

The principality of G?ttingen was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-L?neburg in the Holy Roman Empire with G?ttingen as its capital. It was split off from the principality of Brunswick in 1279 in the course of an estate division among members of the House of Welf....
, and in 1636 he moved his residence to Hanover
Hanover

Hanover or Hannover#Definitions , on the river Leine, is the capital city of the Federal states of Germany of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the House of Hanover, in their dignities as the dukes of Brunswick-L?neburg ....
. His son, Duke Ernest Augustus, was elevated to prince-elector
Prince-elector

The Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of Imperial election the Holy Roman Emperors....
 of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
 in 1692. Ernest Augustus's wife, Sophia of the Palatinate
Sophia of Hanover

Sophia of Hanover was the youngest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, of the House of Wittelsbach, the "Winter King" of Bohemia, and Elizabeth of Bohemia....
, was declared heiress of the throne of Great Britain (then England and Scotland) by the Act of Settlement of 1701
Act of Settlement 1701

The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England, originally filed in 1700, and passed in 1701, to settle the Order of succession to the List of English monarchs on the Electress Sophia of Hanover a granddaughter of James I of England and her Protestantism heirs....
, which decreed Roman Catholics could not accede to the throne. Sophia was at that time the nearest Protestant relative to King William III
William III of England

William III was a Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 onwards, he governed as List_of_stadtholders_for_the_Low_Countries_provinces William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic....
. William himself was actually of the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau
House of Orange-Nassau

The House of Orange-Nassau , a branch of the European House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands — and at times in Europe — since William I of Orange organized the Dutch revolt against Spain rule, which after the Eighty Years' War led to an independent Dutch state....
, but both his wife (co-ruler)
Mary II of England

Mary II reigned as List of English monarchs, List of Scottish monarchs, and King of Ireland from 1689 until her death. Mary, a Protestantism, came to the thrones following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father, James II of England....
 and mother
Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange

Mary, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau was the eldest daughter of Charles I of England of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his queen, Henrietta Maria....
 were Stuart princesses.

Hanoverian kings: Great Britain and the United Kingdom


Ernest Augustus and Sophia's son, George I
George I of Great Britain

George I was List of British Monarchs#House of Hanover and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of Electorate of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698....
 became the first British monarch of the House of Hanover. The dynasty provided six British monarchs:

Of the Kingdoms of Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a country in North-West Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1801....
 and Ireland
Kingdom of Ireland

The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to the Irish state from 1541, by the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 of the Parliament of Ireland. It was based on the contested legitimacy of the right of conquest....
:

  • George I
    George I of Great Britain

    George I was List of British Monarchs#House of Hanover and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of Electorate of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698....
     (r.1714-1727) (Georg Ludwig = George Louis)
  • George II
    George II of Great Britain

    George II was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg and Prince-elector#High Offices and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death....
     (r.1727-1760) (Georg August = George Augustus)
  • George III
    George III of the United Kingdom

    George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
     (r.1760-1820)


Of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name and the state form of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927....
:

  • George III
    George III of the United Kingdom

    George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
     (r.1760-1820)
  • George IV
    George IV of the United Kingdom

    George IV was the king of Kingdom of Hanover and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the death of his father, George III of the United Kingdom, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later....
     (r.1820-1830)
  • William IV
    William IV of the United Kingdom

    William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Kingdom of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. William, the third son of George III of the United Kingdom and younger brother and successor to George IV of the United Kingdom, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover....
     (r.1830-1837)
  • Victoria
    Victoria of the United Kingdom

    Victoria was from 20 June 1837 the Queen regnant of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and from 1 May 1876 the first Empress of India of the British Raj until her death....
     (r.1837-1901).


George I, George II, and George III also served as electors and dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Brunswick-Lüneburg

Brunswick-L?neburg was a historical duchy during the period from the late Middle Ages through the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire....
, informally, Electors of Hanover
Hanover

Hanover or Hannover#Definitions , on the river Leine, is the capital city of the Federal states of Germany of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the House of Hanover, in their dignities as the dukes of Brunswick-L?neburg ....
 (cf. personal union
Personal union

A personal union is the combination by which two or more different states are governed by the same monarch, while their boundaries, their laws and their interests remain distinct....
). From 1814, when Hanover became a kingdom, the British monarch was also King of Hanover.

In 1837, however, the personal union of the thrones of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 and Hanover ended. Succession to the Hanoverian throne was regulated by Salic law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
, which forbade inheritance by a woman, so that it passed not to Queen Victoria but to her uncle, the Duke of Cumberland. In 1901, when Queen Victoria died, the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ascended to the UK throne as her son and heir, Edward VII
Edward VII of the United Kingdom

Edward VII was Monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910....
, as son of her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, genealogically belonged to that House — asserting, thereby, that the name of the UK’s Royal House changed because the surname of his father was Edward VII's surname.

Kings of Hanover after the break up of the personal union


After the death of William IV in 1837, the following kings of Hanover continued the dynasty:

  • Ernest Augustus I (r. 1837-1851)
  • George V
    George V of Hanover

    George V was the last king of Kingdom of Hanover and a member of the German branch of the House of Hanover. In the peerage of Great Britain, he was Duke of Cumberland....
     (r. 1851-1866, deposed)


The Kingdom of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover

The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October of 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III of the United Kingdom to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic wars....
 came to an end in 1866 when it was annexed by Prussia
Prussia

Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
. The 1866 rift between the House of Hanover
House of Hanover

The House of Hanover is a Germanic peoples Royal family dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-L?neburg , the Kingdom of Hanover and the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland....
 and the House of Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern

The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of Prince-elector, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century....
 was settled only by the 1913 marriage of Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia
Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia

Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia, Duchess of Brunswick was the only daughter and the seventh child of William II, German Emperor and Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein ? at the time of her death, she was their last surviving child....
 to Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick.

Duchy of Brunswick


In 1884, the senior branch of the House of Welf became extinct. By House Law, the House of Hanover would have acceded to the Duchy of Brunswick
Duchy of Brunswick

Brunswick was a historical state in Germany. Originally the territory of Brunswick-Wolfenb?ttel in the Holy Roman Empire, it was established as an independent duchy by the Congress of Vienna in 1815....
, but there had been strong Prussian pressure against having George V of Hanover or his son, the Duke of Cumberland, succeed to a member state of the German Empire, at least without strong conditions, including swearing to the German constitution. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established a temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death, and if necessary appoint a regent.

The Duke of Cumberland proclaimed himself Duke of Brunswick at the Duke's death, and lengthy negotiations ensued, but were never resolved. Prince Albert of Prussia
Prince Albrecht of Prussia

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Albrecht of Prussia was a Prussian generalfeldmarschall and, from 1885, regent of the Duchy of Brunswick.He was born in Berlin, Province of Brandenburg, the son of Prince Albert, Prince of Prussia and his wife Princess Marianne of the Netherlands , daughter of William I of the Netherlands....
 was appointed regent; after his death in 1906, Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg
Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg

Duke Johann Albrecht Ernst Konstantin Friedrich Heinrich of Mecklenburg was the regent of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1897-1901 and the Duchy of Brunswick from 1907-1913....
 succeeded him. The Duke of Cumberland's eldest son died of a car accident in 1912; the father renounced Brunswick in favor of his youngest son, who married the Kaiser's daughter, swore allegiance to the German Empire, and was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. He was a major-general during the First World War; but he was overthrown as Duke of Brunswick in 1918. His father was also deprived of his British titles in 1919, for "bearing arms against Great Britain".

Claimants


The later heads of the House of Hanover have been:

  • George V (1866-1878)
  • Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (1878-1923)
  • Ernest Augustus III, Duke of Brunswick (1923-1953), son of the previous
  • Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover (1953-1987)
  • Ernest Augustus V, Prince of Hanover (1987-present)
    • Ernest Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Hanover (heir apparent
      Heir apparent

      An heir apparent is an heir who cannot be displaced from inheriting; the term is used in contrast to heir presumptive, the term for a conditional heir who is currently in line to inherit but could be displaced at any time in the future....
      )


see Line of succession to the Hanoverian Throne
Line of succession to the Hanoverian Throne

The Kingdom of Hanover was abolished in 1866 and the Duchy of Brunswick in 1918. The Hanoverian royal family was also deprived of the Duke of Cumberland in 1919....


The family has been resident in Austria since 1866; it has held courtesy titles since 1919.

List of members

See List of members of the House of Hanover
List of members of the House of Hanover

This is a list of members of the House of Hanover. It includes only those who were members of the male-line descent from its founder, George, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg, and consequently bore his "surname", Hanover....
.

Patrilineal descent

Patrilineal descent, descent from father to son, is the principle behind membership in royal house
Royal House

A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation, or family name of sorts, used by Royal family. It generally represents the members of a family in various senior and junior or cadet branches, who are loosely related but not necessarily of the same immediate kin....
s, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that the historically accurate royal house of monarchs of the House of Hanover was the House of Lucca (or Obertenghi
Obertenghi

The Obertenghi were a family of Regnum Italicum nobility descended from Count Oberto I, the first margrave of Milan and Eastern Liguria, a marches called the marca Januensis, marca Obertenga or march of Genoa....
, or Este, or Welf).

Descent before Oberto I is from and may be inaccurate.

This is the descent of the primary male heir. For the complete expanded family tree, see List of members of the House of Hanover
List of members of the House of Hanover

This is a list of members of the House of Hanover. It includes only those who were members of the male-line descent from its founder, George, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg, and consequently bore his "surname", Hanover....
.

  1. Richbald of Lucca, 700 - 761
  2. Boniface I, Count of Lucca, 725 - 785
  3. Boniface II, Count of Lucca, d. 823
  4. Boniface III, Count of Lucca, d. 842
  5. Adalbert I, Margrave of Tuscany, d. 891
  6. Adalbert II, Margrave of Tuscany, d. 915
  7. Gui de Lucca, d, 929
  8. Adalbert III, Margrave of Tuscany, d. 955
  9. Oberto I
    Oberto I

    Oberto I Obizzo was an Italy count palatine and founder of the Obertenghi family. He was, by heredity, Count of Milan from 951.Soon after assuming the King of Italy, Berengar of Ivrea reorganised his territories south of the Po River, dividing them into three new marches named after their respective margraves: the marca Aleramica of...
    , 912 - 975
  10. Oberto Obizzo, 940 - 1017
  11. Albert Azzo I, Margrave of Milan
    Albert Azzo I, Margrave of Milan

    Albert Atto I was the son of Oberto II and Railend, widow of Sigfred, Count of Seprio. He was a member of the Obertenghi family.Albert first appears in the historical record in 1011....
    , 970 - 1029
  12. Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan
    Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan

    Albert Azzo II , Margrave of Milan and Liguria, Count of Gavello and Padua, Rovigo, Lunigiana, Monselice, and Montagnana, was a powerful nobleman in the Holy Roman Empire....
    , d. 1097
  13. Welf I, Duke of Bavaria
    Welf I, Duke of Bavaria

    Welf I was duke of Bavaria from 1070 to 1077 and from 1096 to his death. He was the first member of the Welf branch of the House of Este. In the Welf genealogy he is counted as Welf IV....
    , 1037 - 1101
  14. Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria
    Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria

    Henry IX , called the Black, a member of the House of Welf, was duke of Bavaria from 1120 to 1126.Henry was the second son of Welf I, Duke of Bavaria and Judith of Flanders....
    , 1074 - 1126
  15. Henry X, Duke of Bavaria
    Henry X, Duke of Bavaria

    Henry the Proud was the Duke of Bavaria , Rulers of Saxony , and Margrave of Tuscany .He was the son of Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria, and Wulfhild, daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, and thus a member of the Welf family, and, what was quite important, senior heir of the Billung family....
    , 1108 - 1139
  16. Henry the Lion
    Henry the Lion

    Henry the Lion was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Rulers of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and List of rulers of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, which duchies he held until 1180....
    , 1129 - 1195
  17. William of Winchester, Lord of Lunenburg
    William of Winchester, Lord of Lunenburg

    William , called William of Winchester, William Longsword, or William of L?neburg, was the youngest son of Duke Henry the Lion....
    , 1184 - 1213
  18. Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

    Otto I of Brunswick-L?neburg was the first duke of Brunswick-L?neburg from 1235 until his death. He is called Otto the Child to distinguish him from his uncle, Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor....
    , 1204 - 1252
  19. Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

    Albert , called the Tall , of the House of Welf, was duke of Brunswick-L?neburg from 1252 to 1269 and first duke of Brunswick-Wolfenb?ttel from 1269 until his death....
    , 1236 - 1279
  20. Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1268 - 1318
  21. Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

    Magnus , called the Pious , was duke of Brunswick-L?neburg.The son of Albert the Fat, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg, Magnus was still a minor when his father died in 1318; he and his brother Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg were put under the guardianship of their elder brother Otto the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg, who continued...
    , 1304 - 1369
  22. Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

    Magnus , called Magnus with the Necklace or Magnus II, was duke of Brunswick-L?neburg. Magnus was the son of Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg, who ruled over the Brunswick subdivision of the duchy....
    , 1328 - 1373
  23. Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

    Bernard , Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg, ruled over several principalities of Brunswick-L?neburg. In the genealogy of the House of Welf, he is considered the first member of the Second House of L?neburg....
    , 1362 - 1434
  24. Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1408 - 1478
  25. Otto IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1439 - 1471
  26. Heinrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1468 - 1532
  27. Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

    Duke Ernest of Brunswick-L?neburg 27 June 1497, Uelzen – 11 January 1546), also frequently called Ernest the Confessor, was duke of Brunswick-L?neburg and a champion of the protestant cause during the early years of the Protestant Reformation....
    , 1497 - 1546
  28. William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

    William , called William the Younger, was Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg in L?neburg-Celle from 1559 until his death. Until 1569 he ruled together with his brother Henry of Dannenberg....
    , 1535 - 1592
  29. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

    George was duke of Brunswick-L?neburg.He was son to William, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg and Dorothea of Denmark . His mother was daughter to Christian III of Denmark and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg....
    , 1582 - 1641
  30. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, 1629 - 1698
  31. George I of Great Britain
    George I of Great Britain

    George I was List of British Monarchs#House of Hanover and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of Electorate of Hanover in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698....
    , 1660 - 1727
  32. George II of Great Britain
    George II of Great Britain

    George II was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg and Prince-elector#High Offices and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death....
    , 1683 - 1760
  33. Frederick, Prince of Wales
    Frederick, Prince of Wales

    The Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales was a member of the Kingdom of Hanover and British Royal Family, the eldest son of George II of Great Britain and father of George III of Great Britain....
    , 1707 - 1751
  34. George III of the United Kingdom
    George III of the United Kingdom

    George III was Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death....
    , 1738 - 1820
  35. Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, 1771 - 1851
  36. George V of Hanover
    George V of Hanover

    George V was the last king of Kingdom of Hanover and a member of the German branch of the House of Hanover. In the peerage of Great Britain, he was Duke of Cumberland....
    , 1819 - 1878
  37. Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, 1845 - 1923
  38. Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, 1887 - 1953
  39. Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover, 1914 - 1987
  40. Ernest Augustus V, Prince of Hanover, b. 1954
  41. Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, b. 1983


Further reading

  • Fraser, Flora. Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III. Knopf, 2005.
  • Plumb, J. H. The First Four Georges. Revised ed. Hamlyn, 1974.
  • Redman, Alvin. The House of Hanover. Coward-McCann, 1960.
  • Van der Kiste, John. George III’s Children. Sutton Publishing, 1992.


See also

  • History of Hanover
  • List of British monarchs
    List of British monarchs

    This is a list of the monarchs of Kingdom of Great Britain and the United Kingdom. The Kingdom of Great Britain was formed on 1 May 1707 with the merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which had been in personal union under the House of Stuart since 24 March 1603....


External links

  • including the Houses of Hanover, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

    Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha served as the name of the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Germany, in the present-day states of Bavaria and Thuringia, which were in personal union between 1826 and 1918....
     and Windsor
    House of Windsor

    The House of Windsor is the current Royal House of the United Kingdom and each of the other Commonwealth realms. The royal house was created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha by George V by a royal proclamation in 1917....
    .
  • (de) official homepage of the House of Welf


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