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Horseradish

Horseradish is a perennial Perennial plant

A perennial plant or perennial is a plant [i] that lives for more than two year [i]s. ... 

 plant of the Brassicaceae Brassicaceae

The flowering plant [i] family [i] Brassicaceae, also called Cruciferae, is known as the ' ... 

 family, which includes mustard Mustard plant

The mustards are several plant species in the genus Brassica [i] whose proverbially [i] ... 

 and cabbage Cabbage

The cabbage is a plant of the Family Brassicaceae [i] . ... 

s. The plant is probably native to southeastern Europe Europe

Europe is one of the seven traditional continent [i]s of the Earth [i]. ... 

 and western Asia Asia

Asia is the largest and most populous continent [i] or region, depending on the definition.... 

, but is popular around the world today. It grows up to 1.5 metres tall and is mainly cultivated for its large white, tapering root, although the leaves are also edible. Its root is used as a vegetable Vegetable

Vegetable is a culinary [i] term. ... 

 or ground in a condiment Condiment

A condiment is a substance applied to food, usually in the form of a garnish, powder, or spread, to enha... 

 called prepared horseradish, and has at times been used as the bitter herb Herb

Herbs are plant [i]s grown for culinary, medicinal, or in some cases even spiritual value. ... 

s in the Passover Passover

Passover , also called ?? ????? is a Jewish holiday [i] which is celebrated in the spring [i]. ... 

 meal in some Jewish Jew

Jews are followers of Judaism [i] or, more generally, members of the Jewish people , an ethno [i] ... 

 communities. Horseradish, sometimes blended with cream Cream

Cream or creme is a dairy product [i] that is composed of the higher-butterfat [i] layer skimmed f ... 

 and called horseradish sauce, is often served with roast or boiled beef Beef

Beef is meat [i] obtained from bovine [i]s, especially domestic cattle [i]. ... 

 or sausage Sausage

A sausage consists of ground meat [i], animal fat, herbs [i] and spices [i], and possibly other ingredie ... 

s, as well as smoked fish.

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Encyclopedia

Horseradish is a perennial Perennial plant

A perennial plant or perennial is a plant [i] that lives for more than two year [i]s. ... 

 plant of the Brassicaceae Brassicaceae

The flowering plant [i] family [i] Brassicaceae, also called Cruciferae, is known as the ' ... 

 family, which includes mustard Mustard plant

The mustards are several plant species in the genus Brassica [i] whose proverbially [i] ... 

 and cabbage Cabbage

The cabbage is a plant of the Family Brassicaceae [i] . ... 

s. The plant is probably native to southeastern Europe Europe

Europe is one of the seven traditional continent [i]s of the Earth [i]. ... 

 and western Asia Asia

Asia is the largest and most populous continent [i] or region, depending on the definition.... 

, but is popular around the world today. It grows up to 1.5 metres tall and is mainly cultivated for its large white, tapering root, although the leaves are also edible.

Its root is used as a vegetable Vegetable

Vegetable is a culinary [i] term. ... 

 or ground in a condiment Condiment

A condiment is a substance applied to food, usually in the form of a garnish, powder, or spread, to enha... 

 called prepared horseradish, and has at times been used as the bitter herb Herb

Herbs are plant [i]s grown for culinary, medicinal, or in some cases even spiritual value. ... 

s in the Passover Passover

Passover , also called ?? ????? is a Jewish holiday [i] which is celebrated in the spring [i]. ... 

 meal in some Jewish Jew

Jews are followers of Judaism [i] or, more generally, members of the Jewish people , an ethno [i]... 

 communities. Horseradish, sometimes blended with cream Cream

Cream or creme is a dairy product [i] that is composed of the higher-butterfat [i] layer skimmed f... 

 and called horseradish sauce, is often served with roast or boiled beef Beef

Beef is meat [i] obtained from bovine [i]s, especially domestic cattle [i].... 

 or sausage Sausage

A sausage consists of ground meat [i], animal fat, herbs [i] and spices [i], and possibly other ingredie ... 

s, as well as smoked fish. Horseradish is also used in some prepared mustards. Also, much of what is styled wasabi Wasabi

Wasabi is a member of the cabbage [i] family. ... 

 is actually common horseradish dyed green.

The horseradish root itself has hardly any aroma. When cut or grated, however, enzyme Enzyme

Enzymes are protein [i]s that accelerate, or catalyze [i], chemical reaction [i]s. ... 

s from the damaged plant cells break down sinigrin  to produce allyl isothiocyanate Allyl isothiocyanate

Allyl isothiocyanate is the chemical compound responsible for the pungent taste of mustard [i] ... 

 , which irritates the sinuses and eyes. Once grated, if not used immediately or mixed in vinegar Vinegar

Vinegar is a sour-tasting liquid [i] made from the oxidation [i] of ethanol [i] in wine [i], cider [i], ... 

, the root darkens and loses its pungency and becomes unpleasantly bitter when exposed to air and heat.

Over one third of the United States production of horseradish is said to be grown in a small region around Collinsville, Illinois Collinsville, Illinois

Collinsville is a city in Madison County [i], Illinois [i] and partially in St. Clair [i] ... 

 in the US United States

The United States of America, also known as the United States, the U.S., the U.S.A., a... 

, the self-styled "Horseradish Capital of the World", whence it is even exported overseas as a gourmet version of the product to places more renowned for consumption of the root. The biggest US production for domestic supply comes from Eau Claire,Wisconsin Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a state [i] in the United States [i], located in the Midwest [i].... 

.

History

Horseradish was cultivated in antiquity. Cato Cato the Elder

Marcus Porcius Cato was a Roman [i] statesman, surnamed the Censor, Sapiens, Priscu ... 

 discusses the plant in his treatises on agriculture, and a mural in Pompeii Pompeii

Pompeii is a ruined Roman [i] city near modern Naples [i] in the Italian [i] region o ... 

 showing the plant has survived until today. It is probably the plant mentioned by Pliny the Elder Pliny the Elder

Gaius Plinius Secundus, better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient author [i] and natural philosopher [i] ... 

 in his Natural History Naturalis Historia

Naturalis Historia or "Natural History" is an encyclopedia [i] written by Pliny the Elder [i]. ... 

under the name of Amoracia, and recommended by him for its medicinal qualities, and possibly the Wild Radish, or raphanos agrios of the Greeks Greeks

The Greeks are an ethnic group [i] mostly found in the southern Balkan peninsula [i] of southeastern Europe [i] ... 

.

Both root and leaves were universally used as a medicine Medicine

Medicine is the branch of health science [i] and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or ... 

 during the Middle Ages Middle Ages

The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history [i] ... 

, and as a condiment in Denmark Denmark

The Kingdom of Denmark is the smallest and southernmost of the Nordic countries [i].... 

 and Germany. Before pepper Black pepper

Black pepper is a flowering [i] vine [i] in the family Piperaceae [i], cultivated for it... 

 and chiles Chili pepper

The chili pepper, chile pepper, or chilli pepper, or simply chilli, 'chili or ... 

 became widely available, horseradish and mustard were the only sharp spices known in Europe.

William Turner mentions horseradish as Red Cole in his "Herbal" , but not as a condiment. In "The Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes" , John Gerard John Gerard

John Gerard was an English [i] botanist [i] famous for his herbal garden [i]. ... 

 describes it under the name of raphanus rusticanus, stating that it occurs wild in several parts of England. After referring to its medicinal uses, he says: "the Horse Radish stamped with a little vinegar put thereto, is commonly used among the Germans for sauce to eate fish with and such like meates as we do mustarde."

It is still used this way in Jewish Jewish cuisine

Unlike most other cuisines, Jewish cuisine - because of sheer age of the worldwide Jewish diaspora [i] - ... 

 and Romanian cuisine, where a sweetened horseradish-vinegar sauce called chrain or hrean traditionally accompanies gefilte fish Gefilte fish

Gefilte fish, is a ground de-boned fish recipe using a variety of kosher [i] fish [i] meat that is then ... 

. There are two varieties of chrain— "red" chrain and "white" chrain, i.e. mixed with or without red beet Beet

The beet is a flowering plant [i] in the family Amaranthaceae [i], native to the coast [i]s of western a ... 

. It is also popular in Poland Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country located in Central Europe [i]. ... 

 where it is called chrzan. Having chrzan on the Easter table is a part of Polish Easter Easter

Easter, also known as Pascha , the Feast of the Resurrection, the Sunday of the Resurrect... 

 tradition. Variety with red beet also exists and it is called cwikla z chrzanem or simply cwikla.

Origin of name

It has been speculated that the word is a partial translation of its German German language

German is a West Germanic language [i]. ... 

 name Meerrettich. The element Meer is pronounced like the English English language

English is a widely distributed language that originated in England [i] but is now the primary language ... 

 word mare, which might have been reinterpreted as horseradish. On the other hand, many English plant names have "horse" as an element denoting strong or coarse, so the etymology of the English word is uncertain.

Modern uses

The American fast-food restaurant chain Arby's Arby's

Arby's is a fast food [i] restaurant [i] franchise [i] in the United States [i] and Canada [i]... 

 uses horseradish in its "Horsey Sauce", which is provided as a regular condiment, alongside ketchup Ketchup

Ketchup is a popular condiment [i], usually made with ripened tomato [i]es. ... 

, mustard Culinary mustard

Mustard [i] is used as a culinary term, referring to seeds or leaves of the mustard plant [i], or prepar ... 

, and mayonnaise. This is not a common practice at its major competitors. In addition, the US fast-food outlet Popeye's serves "quarter pounders with 'radish," in its stores on the East Coast. The reason it doesn't offer this meal in its stores elsewhere is something of a mystery.

Horseradish sauce made from grated horseradish root and cream is a popular condiment in the United Kingdom. It is often served with roast beef, but can be used in a number of other dishes also.

Additionally, since real wasabi Wasabi

Wasabi is a member of the cabbage [i] family. ... 

 is very expensive, even in Japan, most Japanese restaurants around the world actually serve a horseradish mixture that's been dyed green. Some imitation wasabi makers, such as S&B, give as the main ingredient of their product the Japanese name for horseradish: "western wasabi" .

The enzyme Enzyme

Enzymes are protein [i]s that accelerate, or catalyze [i], chemical reaction [i]s. ... 

 horseradish peroxidase Peroxidase

A peroxidase is an enzyme [i], which may contain heme [i], that catalyzes a reaction of the form:
... 

, found in the plant, is used extensively in molecular biology Molecular biology

Molecular biology is the study of biology [i] at a molecular [i] level. ... 

 in antibody Antibody

An antibody or immunoglobulin is a large Y-shaped protein [i] used by the immune system [i] to ide ... 

 amplification and detection, among other things. For example, "In recent years the technique of marking neurons with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase has become a major tool. In its brief history, this method has probably been used by more than have used the Golgi stain Golgi's method

Golgi's method is a nervous tissue [i] staining [i] technique discovered by Italian [i] physician [i] ... 

 since its discovery in 1870."

Nutritional value

Horseradish contains potassium Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element [i].... 

, calcium, magnesium Magnesium

Magnesium is the chemical element [i] in the periodic table [i] that has the symbol Mg and atomic number [i] ... 

 and phosphorus Phosphorus

|-
| Critical temperature [i] || 994 K [i]
... 

, as well as volatile oils, such as mustard oil, which is antibiotic. Fresh, the plant contains 177.9 mg/100 g of vitamin C Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a water [i]-soluble [i] nutrient [i] and vitamin [i] essential ... 

.

See also

  • list of vegetables List of vegetables

    This is a list of vegetable [i]s in the culinary sense, which means it includes some botanical fruit [i]s like ... 

  • scurvy-grass Scurvy-grass

    Scurvy-grass is a genus of about 30 species of annual [i] and perennial [i] herb [i]s in th ... 

  • wasabi Wasabi

    Wasabi is a member of the cabbage [i] family. ... 

  • Cocktail sauce
  • Albert sauce
  • Bloody Mary
  • Maror Maror

    Maror also spelled Marror refers to the bitter herb [i]s that are eaten at the Passover Seder [i]. ... 

  • Kummelweck
  • New England boiled dinner
  • German cuisine#Spices and condiments German cuisine

    German Cuisine varies greatly from region to region.... 

  • British cuisine#Dates of introduction of various foodstuffs and methods to Britain British cuisine

    British cuisine is shaped by the country's temperate climate [i], its island geography and its history.... 

  • Cuisine of Denmark#Sauces and condiments Cuisine of Denmark

    The cuisine of Denmark, like that in the other Scandinavia [i]n countries, as well as that of northern Germany [i] ... 

  • Cuisine of Canada#Canadian Food Cuisine of Canada

    Canadian cuisine varies widely from region to region.... 

  • Lithuanian cuisine#Details
  • Romanian cuisine#List of meals
  • Corned beef#In other countries Corned beef

    Corned beef is beef [i] that is first pickled in brine [i] and then cooked by simmering. ... 

  • Rubefacient
  • Glucosinolate Glucosinolate

    The glucosinolates are a class of organic compound [i]s that contain sulfur [i], nitrogen [i] and a grou... 



References


External links