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Hoogsteen base pair

 

 
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Hoogsteen base pair
 
 
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A Hoogsteen base pair is a minor variation of base-pairing in nucleic acid
Nucleic acid

A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric nucleotides. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within Cell ....
s such as the A•T pair. In this manner, two nucleobase
Nucleobase

Nucleobases are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing . The main ones are cytosine, guanine, adenine , thymine and uracil , abbreviated as C, G, A, T, and U, respectively....
s on each strand can be held together by hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between one electronegative atom and a hydrogen covalently bonded to another electronegative atom. It results from a dipole-dipole force with a hydrogen atom bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine ....
s in the major groove. A Hoogsteen base pair applies the N7 position of the purine
Purine

Purine is a heterocyclic compound aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely distributed kind of nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature....
 base (as a hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between one electronegative atom and a hydrogen covalently bonded to another electronegative atom. It results from a dipole-dipole force with a hydrogen atom bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine ....
 acceptor) and C6 amino group (as a donor), which bind the Watson-Crick (N3–N4) face of the pyrimidine
Pyrimidine

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring....
 base.

steen pairs have quite different properties from Watson-Crick base pairs
Base pair

In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementarity DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds are called a base pair ....
.






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A Hoogsteen base pair is a minor variation of base-pairing in nucleic acid
Nucleic acid

A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric nucleotides. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within Cell ....
s such as the A•T pair. In this manner, two nucleobase
Nucleobase

Nucleobases are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing . The main ones are cytosine, guanine, adenine , thymine and uracil , abbreviated as C, G, A, T, and U, respectively....
s on each strand can be held together by hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between one electronegative atom and a hydrogen covalently bonded to another electronegative atom. It results from a dipole-dipole force with a hydrogen atom bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine ....
s in the major groove. A Hoogsteen base pair applies the N7 position of the purine
Purine

Purine is a heterocyclic compound aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely distributed kind of nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature....
 base (as a hydrogen bond
Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is the attractive force between one electronegative atom and a hydrogen covalently bonded to another electronegative atom. It results from a dipole-dipole force with a hydrogen atom bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine ....
 acceptor) and C6 amino group (as a donor), which bind the Watson-Crick (N3–N4) face of the pyrimidine
Pyrimidine

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring....
 base.

Chemical properties

Hoogsteen pairs have quite different properties from Watson-Crick base pairs
Base pair

In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementarity DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds are called a base pair ....
. The angle between the two glycosylic bonds (ca. 80° in the A• T pair) is larger and the C1′–C1′ distance (ca. 860 pm or 8.6 Å) is smaller than in the regular geometry. In some cases, called reversed Hoogsteen base pairs, one base is rotated 180° with respect to the other.

Triplex structures