In
chemistryChemistry is the science concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions...
,
homolysis (from Greek ὅμοιος, homoios, "equal," and λύσις, lusis, "loosening") or
homolytic fission is
chemical bondA chemical bond is an interaction between atoms or molecules and allows the formation of polyatomic chemical compounds. A chemical bond is the attraction caused by the electromagnetic force between opposing charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction...
dissociation of a neutral
moleculeA molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in this strict sense...
generating two free radicals. That is, two
electronAn electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has no known substructure and is believed to be a point particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1836 times less than that of the proton. The intrinsic angular momentum of the electron is a half integer...
s that are involved in the bond are distributed one by one to the two species.
A−B → A• + B•
Such reactions can be induced by irradiation in the UV region,diffused sunlight or peroxide.
The energy involved in this process is called
bond dissociation energyIn chemistry, bond dissociation energy, D0 or BDE, is one measure of the bond strength in a chemical bond. It is defined as the standard enthalpy change when a bond is cleaved by homolysis, with reactants and products of the homolysis reaction at 0 K...
.
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In
chemistryChemistry is the science concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions...
,
homolysis (from Greek ὅμοιος, homoios, "equal," and λύσις, lusis, "loosening") or
homolytic fission is
chemical bondA chemical bond is an interaction between atoms or molecules and allows the formation of polyatomic chemical compounds. A chemical bond is the attraction caused by the electromagnetic force between opposing charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction...
dissociation of a neutral
moleculeA molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in this strict sense...
generating two free radicals. That is, two
electronAn electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has no known substructure and is believed to be a point particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1836 times less than that of the proton. The intrinsic angular momentum of the electron is a half integer...
s that are involved in the bond are distributed one by one to the two species.
A−B → A• + B•
Such reactions can be induced by irradiation in the UV region,diffused sunlight or peroxide.
The energy involved in this process is called
bond dissociation energyIn chemistry, bond dissociation energy, D0 or BDE, is one measure of the bond strength in a chemical bond. It is defined as the standard enthalpy change when a bond is cleaved by homolysis, with reactants and products of the homolysis reaction at 0 K...
. Bond cleavage is also possible by a process called
heterolysisIn chemistry, heterolysis or heterolytic fission is chemical bond cleavage of a neutral molecule generating a cation and an anion...
.
In
biologyBiology is the natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy...
homolysis means that dividing cell gives two equal-size daughter cells.
In general it means breakdown (
lysis) to equal pieces (
homo = same)