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Hispanic American wars of independence
 
 
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The Hispanic American wars of independence refer to the numerous wars against Spanish rule
Mid-nineteenth century Spain

Spain in the nineteenth century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon Bonaparte from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "Peninsular war" ensued, driven by an emergent Spanish nationalism....
 in Hispanic America
Hispanic America

Hispanic America is strictly the region comprising the Americas countries inhabited by Spanish language-speaking populations. It was historically known as Spanish America in English language, and "Hispanoam?rica" in Spanish....
 that took place during the early 19th century, from 1808 until 1829 and resulted in the creation of a chain of newly independent countries stretching from Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
 and Chile
Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
 in the south to Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
 in the north. The conflict started in 1808, with the junta
Junta (Peninsular War)

In the Napoleonic Era, junta was the name chosen by several local administrations forming in Spain during the Peninsular War as a patriotic alternative to the official administration toppled by the French invaders....
s of Mexico
Mexico City

Mexico City is the capital city of Mexico. It is the most important economic, industrial, and cultural center in the country; the most populous city with over 8,836,045 inhabitants in 2008....
 and Montevideo
Montevideo

Montevideo is the largest city, the capital and chief port of Uruguay. Montevideo is the only city in the country with a population over 1,000,000....
. Cuba
Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
 and Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is a Autonomy Territories of the United States of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands....
 remained under Spanish sovereignty
Spain under the Restoration

The Restoration was the name given to the period that began in December 29 1874 after the First Spanish Republic ended with the restoration of Alfonso XII to the throne after a coup d'?tat by Arsenio Martinez Campos, and ended on April 14 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic....
 up until the Spanish-American War
Spanish-American War

The Spanish?American War was an armed military conflict between Spain and the United States that took place between April and August 1898, over the issues of the liberation of Cuba....
 in 1898.

ng the occupation of Spain
Peninsular War

The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence was a contest between First French Empire and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Kingdom of Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars....
 by French forces
First French Empire

The Empire of the French , also known as the Greater French Empire or First French Empire, but more commonly known as the Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France in France....
 during the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts involving Napoleon I of France First French Empire and changing sets of European allies and opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815....
 in Europe, Spain found itself cut off from its empire
Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
 and without leadership.






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The Hispanic American wars of independence refer to the numerous wars against Spanish rule
Mid-nineteenth century Spain

Spain in the nineteenth century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon Bonaparte from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "Peninsular war" ensued, driven by an emergent Spanish nationalism....
 in Hispanic America
Hispanic America

Hispanic America is strictly the region comprising the Americas countries inhabited by Spanish language-speaking populations. It was historically known as Spanish America in English language, and "Hispanoam?rica" in Spanish....
 that took place during the early 19th century, from 1808 until 1829 and resulted in the creation of a chain of newly independent countries stretching from Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
 and Chile
Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
 in the south to Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
 in the north. The conflict started in 1808, with the junta
Junta (Peninsular War)

In the Napoleonic Era, junta was the name chosen by several local administrations forming in Spain during the Peninsular War as a patriotic alternative to the official administration toppled by the French invaders....
s of Mexico
Mexico City

Mexico City is the capital city of Mexico. It is the most important economic, industrial, and cultural center in the country; the most populous city with over 8,836,045 inhabitants in 2008....
 and Montevideo
Montevideo

Montevideo is the largest city, the capital and chief port of Uruguay. Montevideo is the only city in the country with a population over 1,000,000....
. Cuba
Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
 and Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is a Autonomy Territories of the United States of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands....
 remained under Spanish sovereignty
Spain under the Restoration

The Restoration was the name given to the period that began in December 29 1874 after the First Spanish Republic ended with the restoration of Alfonso XII to the throne after a coup d'?tat by Arsenio Martinez Campos, and ended on April 14 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic....
 up until the Spanish-American War
Spanish-American War

The Spanish?American War was an armed military conflict between Spain and the United States that took place between April and August 1898, over the issues of the liberation of Cuba....
 in 1898.

History

During the occupation of Spain
Peninsular War

The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence was a contest between First French Empire and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Kingdom of Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars....
 by French forces
First French Empire

The Empire of the French , also known as the Greater French Empire or First French Empire, but more commonly known as the Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France in France....
 during the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts involving Napoleon I of France First French Empire and changing sets of European allies and opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815....
 in Europe, Spain found itself cut off from its empire
Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
 and without leadership. The wars in Europe provided the Creole
Creole

The word Creole is an adaptation of the Spanish word criollo.Creole may refer to:...
s the oportunity to gain independence from the mother country
Motherland

Motherland is a term that may refer to a mother country, i.e. the place of one's birth, the place of origin of an ethnic group or immigrant, or a Metropole in contrast to its colony....
 and revolutions started to break out all over Spanish America
Hispanic America

Hispanic America is strictly the region comprising the Americas countries inhabited by Spanish language-speaking populations. It was historically known as Spanish America in English language, and "Hispanoam?rica" in Spanish....
.

New Spain and Guatemala


Mexican War of Independence
Mexican War of Independence

Mexican War of Independence , was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on 16 September 1810....


Federal Republic of Central America
Federal Republic of Central America

The Federal Republic of Central America, also known as the United Provinces of Central America, was a short-lived state in Central America, which consisted of the territories of the former Captaincy General of Guatemala....


New Granada, Venezuela, Quito

Federalists and centralists of New Granada
Patria Boba

The period between 1810 and 1816 in the New Kingdom of Granada was marked by intense conflicts over the nature of the new government or governments....


United Provinces of New Granada
United Provinces of New Granada

The United Provinces of New Granada was a country in South America from 1811 to 1816, a period known in Colombian history as the Patria Boba....


Bolívar in New Granada
Bolívar in New Granada

Bol?var's campaign in New Granada in 1819-1820 was part of Bol?var's War, struggle for Independence from Spanish Colonial rule of South America led by Sim?n Bol?var....


Venezuelan War of Independence
Venezuelan War of Independence

The Venezuelan War of Independence was the war fought for the emancipation of what is today Venezuela, between 1811 and 1823. It was part of a series of related Hispanic American wars of independence, resulting from Peninsular War....


First Republic of Venezuela
Venezuela (first republic)

The First Republic of Venezuela is the term used by historians to refer to the first period of the Venezuelan War of Independence from Spain from April 19, 1810 to July 25, 1812, even though it was not a term used at the time....


Second Republic of Venezuela
Venezuela (second republic)

The Second Republic of Venezuela is the term used by historians for the reestablished Venezuelan Republic declared by Sim?n Bol?var on August 7, 1813....
.

Independence of Ecuador
History of Ecuador

The History of Ecuador extends over a 12,000-year period. During this time a variety of cultures and territories influenced what has become the Republic of Ecuador....


Ecuadorian War of Independence
Ecuadorian War of Independence

The Ecuadorian War of Independence was fought from 1820 to 1822 between several South American armies and Spain over control of the lands of the Royal Audience of Quito, a Spanish colonial administrative jurisdiction from which would eventually emerge the modern Republic of Ecuador....


Río de la Plata and Upper Peru


Argentine War of Independence
Argentine War of Independence

The Argentine War of Independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine forces under Manuel Belgrano and Jos? de San Mart?n against royalist forces loyal to the Spain....


Independence of Uruguay
History of Uruguay

This is about the history of Uruguay. See also the History of South America....


Independence of Paraguay
History of Paraguay

Almost no archaeological research has been done in Paraguay, and the pre-Columbian history of the country is poorly documented. What is certain is that the eastern part of the country was occupied by Guaran? Indians for at least 1,000 years before the Spanish conquest....


Independence of Bolivia
History of Bolivia

This is the history of Bolivia.See also the history of Latin America, the history of the Americas, and the history of present-day nations and states....


Chile and Peru


Chilean War of Independence

Peruvian War of Independence

Evolution of the War


Campaigns of New Spain

1811 Battle of Calderón Bridge
Battle of Calderón Bridge

The Battle of Calder?n Bridge was a decisive battle in the Mexican War of Independence, fought on the banks of the Calder?n River east of Guadalajara, Jalisco in present day Zapotlanejo, Jalisco....


1816 Expedition of Mina
Francisco Javier Mina

Francisco Javier Mina was a Spain lawyer and army Officer and a Mexican revolutionary. He was born in Otano, Navarre, to Juan Mina, a wealthy farmer, and Maria Lerrea....


1821 Army of the Three Guarantees
Army of the Three Guarantees

At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agust?n de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain....


1829 Reconquest of New Spain
Isidro Barradas

Isidro Barradas was a Spanish general sent to Mexico in 1829, eight years after Mexican independence, to try to reconquer the country for the Spanish Crown....


Campaigns of New Granada, Venezuela, Quito

1819 Battle of Boyacá
Battle of Boyacá

The Battle of Boyac? in Colombia, then known as Viceroyalty of New Granada, was the battle in which Colombia acquired its definitive independence from Ferdinand VII of Spain, although fighting with royalist forces would continue for years....


1821 Battle of Carabobo
Battle of Carabobo

The Battle of Carabobo, 24 June 1821, was fought between independence fighters, led by Sim?n Bol?var, and the Royalist forces, led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre....


1822 Battle of Pichincha
Battle of Pichincha

The Battle of Pichincha took place on 24 May, 1822, on the slopes of the Pichincha volcano, 3,500 meters above sea-level, right next to the city of Quito, in modern Ecuador....


Campaigns of Río de la Plata and Upper Peru

1810 Army of the North
Army of the North

The Army of the North , called Army of Peru in the documents of the time, was one of the armies deployed by the United Provinces of the R?o de la Plata in the Hispanic American wars of independence....


1811 Campaign of Guaqui
Battle of Huaqui

The Battle of Huaqui...


1815 Battle of Sipe-Sipe
Battle of Sipe-Sipe

The Battle of Sipe-Sipe was an important battle in the South American wars of independence in which the United Provinces of R?o de la Plata were decisively defeated by Spanish royalist forces in Alto Per? ....


Campaigns of Chile and Peru

1814 Battle of Rancagua

1817 Battle of Chacabuco
Battle of Chacabuco

The Battle of Chacabuco, fought during the Chilean War of Independence, occurred on February 12, 1817. The rebel army led by Jos? de San Mart?n defeated the Spanish force led by Rafael Maroto....


1818 Battle of Maipú
Battle of Maipú

The Battle of Maip? was a battle fought near Santiago, Chile on April 5 1818 between South American rebels and Spanish royalists, during the South American wars of independence....


1820 Capture of Valdivia
Capture of Valdivia

The Capture of Valdivia was a battle in the Chilean War of Independence between Spanish Empire forces commanded by Colonel Manuel Montoya and the Chilean forces under the command of Lord Thomas Cochrane, held on 3 and 4 February of 1820....


1824 Battle of Ayacucho
Battle of Ayacucho

The Battle of Ayacucho was a decisive military encounter during the Peruvian War of Independence. It was the battle that sealed the independence of Peru, as well as the victory that ensured independence for the rest of South America....


Liberators




Royalists




See also

  • Libertadores
    Libertadores

    Libertadores refers to the leaders of the South American Wars of Independence from Spain and Portugal.They were largely bourgeois Spanish Criollo peopless influenced by liberalism and, in most cases, with military training in the metropolis....
  • British Legions
    British Legions

    The British Legion or British Legions were foreign volunteer units fighting under Simon Bolivar for the independence of Greater Colombia against Spain....
  • Royalist (Hispanic American Revolution)
  • Latin American wars of independence
  • Wars of national liberation
    Wars of national liberation

    Wars of national liberation are conflicts fought by Indigenous peoples military groups against an empire power in the name of self-determination, thus attempting to remove that power's influence, in particular during the decolonization period....
  • History of South America
    History of South America

    The history of South America is the study of the history, particularly the document, oral history, and oral tradition, passed down from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's southern hemisphere and western hemisphere....