Hindon River
Encyclopedia
Hindon River, a tributary of Yamuna river, is a river in India
that originates in the Saharanpur District
, from Upper Shivalik
in Lower Himalayan Range
. The river is entirely rainfed and has a catchment area
of 7, 083 sq.km.
It flows between Ganges and Yamuna rivers, for 400 km through Muzaffarnagar District
, Meerut District
, Baghpat District, Ghaziabad, Noida
, Greater Noida
before it joins Yamuna river just outside Delhi
. The Hindon Air Force Base of the Indian Air Force
also lies on its bank in the Ghaziabad district on the outskirts Delhi
.
, which originates in the Doon Valley
and travels about 150 km passing through Saharanpur
, Muzaffarnagar
, Meerut and Bagpat district
s, merges with Hindon River, before it merges with the Yamuna River. The Kali river
is also highly polluted and adds to the pollution of the Hindon, as it passes through populated and industrial belt of Uttar Pradesh
.
These days the Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam has taken serious steps to beautify the river banks.
lies the ancient Mahadev Temple that is believed to be dating from the Mahabharata
period, and where the Pandavas prayed before leaving for the Lakshagrah, the notorious palace made of lac
by Duryodhana
, at the confluence of the Hindon and Krishna rivers (Kali River, Kali Nadi) at Varnavrat, the present Barnava
, and where the prince resided with their mother Kunti.
(fl. 3300–1300 BCE) site, Alamgirpur
is located at the Hindon River, 28 km from Delhi
.
In 1857 to 1858, the Ghaziabad city was the scene of fighting during the Indian Mutiny, when Indian soldiers in the Bengal Army that was under the British East India Company
mutinied but soon turned into a widespread uprising against British rule in India. The Hindon River, in particular, was the site of several skirmishes between Indian troops and British soldiers in 1857 incluidng the Battle of Badli-ki-Serai
and today, the graves of the British soldiers and officers can still be seen. Ghaziabad’s place in Northern Indian history is assured by the birth of many freedom fighters who played a role in various revolutions all dedicated to the attainment of freedom for all who have lived – and are still living – there.
, often with no treatment, directly into the Hindon River
. This heavy loading of industrial effluent discharge directly into the Hindon River
places an intolerable burden on the river’s natural ability to assimilate pollutants. Use of the river for disposal of untreated human sewage is a primary cause of poor water quality within the river. The Hindon receives a high loading of degradable and non-degradable domesticly generated litter. The Hindon River waters has been evaluated for physical and chemical characteristics the presence of toxic contaminants and for biological diversity of river ecology. Dissolved Oxygen levels are zero throughout the length of this river. The Hindon Vahini, a river conservation wing of Paryawaran sachetak Samiti is organizing a mass movement to save and make pollution free Hindon under leadership of Environmentalist Vijaypal Baghel.
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
that originates in the Saharanpur District
Saharanpur District
Saharanpur district is the northernmost of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India. Bordering the states of Haryana and Uttarakhand, and close to the foothills of Shivalik range, it lies in the northern part of the Doab region...
, from Upper Shivalik
Shivalik
Shivalik may refer to:* Shivalik class frigate* Siwalik Hills, a series of ranges of outer foothills of Himalaya crossing Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan....
in Lower Himalayan Range
Lower Himalayan Range
The Lower Himalayan Range lies north of the Sub-Himalayan Range or Siwalik Range and south of the Great Himalayas. The height of the mountains varies between 1800 to 4600 meters. Millions of years of folding, faulting and overthrusting has led to the formation of these mountains...
. The river is entirely rainfed and has a catchment area
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
of 7, 083 sq.km.
It flows between Ganges and Yamuna rivers, for 400 km through Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is part of Saharanpur division. The town of Muzaffarnagar is the district headquarters.-Communication:...
, Meerut District
Meerut District
Meerut district , is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Meerut is the district headquarters. Meerut district is a part of Meerut division.-Demographics:...
, Baghpat District, Ghaziabad, Noida
Noida
Noida , short for the New Okhla Industrial Development Area, is an area in India under the management of the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority . Noida came into administrative existence on 17 April 1976 and celebrates 17 April as "Noida Day". It was set up as part of an urbanization...
, Greater Noida
Greater Noida
Greater Noida is located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It is under the purview of the National Capital Region of India...
before it joins Yamuna river just outside Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
. The Hindon Air Force Base of the Indian Air Force
Indian Air Force
The Indian Air Force is the air arm of the Indian armed forces. Its primary responsibility is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during a conflict...
also lies on its bank in the Ghaziabad district on the outskirts Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
.
Tributary
Kali riverKali River (Uttar Pradesh)
The Kali River originates in the Doon Valley and passes through Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Bagpat districts, before merging with Hindon River , which goes on to merge with the Yamuna River near Delhi. The total length of the river from its origin up to its confluence with the Hindon river is...
, which originates in the Doon Valley
Doon Valley
Doon Valley is a valley located in Sivalik Hills in Uttarakhand, India. It is the location of Dehradun, capital of Uttarakhand state.-Etmology:...
and travels about 150 km passing through Saharanpur
Saharanpur
Saharanpur is a city and a Municipal Corporation in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It is the administrative headquarters of Saharanpur District as well as Saharanpur Division...
, Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar is a major city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was established in Mughal period by a Sayyid Jagirdar, Munawar Lashkar Ali, and so named in honour of his father, Muzaffar Ali Khan. It is the headquarters of the Muzaffarnagar district. It is a...
, Meerut and Bagpat district
Bagpat District
Baghpat district is one of the 71 districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Baghpat town is the district headquarters. This district covers an area of 1321 km². The district has a population of 1,163,991.-Economy:...
s, merges with Hindon River, before it merges with the Yamuna River. The Kali river
Kali River (Uttar Pradesh)
The Kali River originates in the Doon Valley and passes through Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar and Bagpat districts, before merging with Hindon River , which goes on to merge with the Yamuna River near Delhi. The total length of the river from its origin up to its confluence with the Hindon river is...
is also highly polluted and adds to the pollution of the Hindon, as it passes through populated and industrial belt of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
.
These days the Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam has taken serious steps to beautify the river banks.
Mythology
Near SardhanaSardhana
Sardhana is a town and a municipal board in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located northeast of New Delhi, and 13 mi from Meerut...
lies the ancient Mahadev Temple that is believed to be dating from the Mahabharata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
period, and where the Pandavas prayed before leaving for the Lakshagrah, the notorious palace made of lac
Lac
Lac is the scarlet resinous secretion of a number of species of insects, namely some of the species of the genera Metatachardia, Laccifer, Tachordiella, Austrotacharidia, Afrotachardina, and Tachardina of the superfamily Coccoidea, of which the most commonly cultivated species is Kerria lacca.The...
by Duryodhana
Duryodhana
In the Hindu epic the Mahābhārata, Duryodhana is the eldest son of the blind king Dhritarashtra by Queen Gandhari, the eldest of the one hundred Kaurava brothers, Emperor of the world at that time which means Emperor of India or Bharatvarsha as it was known at that time, cousin and the chief...
, at the confluence of the Hindon and Krishna rivers (Kali River, Kali Nadi) at Varnavrat, the present Barnava
Barnava
Barnava is a village in Bagpat district in Uttar Pradesh, India.Barnava is between Sardhana and Binauli near Meerut.Baranava is the site of the Lakshagriha, it was called Varnavat at Mahabharata time. Barnava still have evidence of Lakshagriha....
, and where the prince resided with their mother Kunti.
History
An Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that was located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, consisting of what is now mainly modern-day Pakistan and northwest India...
(fl. 3300–1300 BCE) site, Alamgirpur
Alamgirpur
Alamgirpur is an archeological site of the Indus Valley Civilization that thrived along Indus River from the Harappan-Bara period, located in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the eastern most site of the civilization....
is located at the Hindon River, 28 km from Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
.
In 1857 to 1858, the Ghaziabad city was the scene of fighting during the Indian Mutiny, when Indian soldiers in the Bengal Army that was under the British East India Company
British East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies, but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China...
mutinied but soon turned into a widespread uprising against British rule in India. The Hindon River, in particular, was the site of several skirmishes between Indian troops and British soldiers in 1857 incluidng the Battle of Badli-ki-Serai
Battle of Badli-ki-Serai
The Battle of Badli-ki-Serai was fought early in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or First War of Indian Independence as it has since been termed in Indian histories of the events. A British and Gurkha force defeated a force of sepoys who had rebelled against the British East India Company...
and today, the graves of the British soldiers and officers can still be seen. Ghaziabad’s place in Northern Indian history is assured by the birth of many freedom fighters who played a role in various revolutions all dedicated to the attainment of freedom for all who have lived – and are still living – there.
Hindon Vahini
The industrial discharge their effluents of western Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
, often with no treatment, directly into the Hindon River
Hindon River
Hindon River, a tributary of Yamuna river, is a river in India that originates in the Saharanpur District, from Upper Shivalik in Lower Himalayan Range...
. This heavy loading of industrial effluent discharge directly into the Hindon River
Hindon River
Hindon River, a tributary of Yamuna river, is a river in India that originates in the Saharanpur District, from Upper Shivalik in Lower Himalayan Range...
places an intolerable burden on the river’s natural ability to assimilate pollutants. Use of the river for disposal of untreated human sewage is a primary cause of poor water quality within the river. The Hindon receives a high loading of degradable and non-degradable domesticly generated litter. The Hindon River waters has been evaluated for physical and chemical characteristics the presence of toxic contaminants and for biological diversity of river ecology. Dissolved Oxygen levels are zero throughout the length of this river. The Hindon Vahini, a river conservation wing of Paryawaran sachetak Samiti is organizing a mass movement to save and make pollution free Hindon under leadership of Environmentalist Vijaypal Baghel.
External links
- Article on pollution level in Hindon River
- Hindon river joining Yamuna river wikimapiaWikimapiaWikiMapia is a privately owned, online map and satellite imaging resource that combines Google Maps with a wiki system, allowing users to add information, in the form of a note, to any location on Earth. Users may currently use this information for free...