Hiiumaa

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Hiiumaa

Hiiumaa is the second largest island

Island

An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets....
(989 km²) belonging to Estonia

Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russia ....
. It is located in the Baltic Sea

Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53?N to 66?N latitude and from 20?E to 26?E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Denmark islands....
, north of the island of Saaremaa

Saaremaa

Saaremaa is the largest island belonging to Estonia, measuring 2,673 km?. The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago ....
, a part of the west Estonian archipelago

Archipelago

An archipelago is a chain or cluster of islands that are formed tectonically. The word archipelago literally means "chief sea", from Italian language arcipelago , derived ultimately from Greek language arkhon and pelagos ....
(Moonsund archipelago

Moonsund archipelago

Moonsund archipelago is a group of Estonian islands, located in the Baltic Sea.Islands:* Saaremaa* Hiiumaa* Muhu* Vormsiand about 500 smaller islands....
). Its largest town is Kärdla

Kärdla

K?rdla is the largest town on the Estonian island of Hiiumaa and the capital of Hiiu County....
.

Hiiumaa is the main island of Hiiu County

Hiiu County

Hiiu County , or Hiiumaa, is one of 15 Counties of Estonia of Estonia. It consists of Hiiumaa , the second largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it....
, called Hiiumaa or Hiiu maakond in Estonian

Estonian language

Estonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various ?migr? communities....
. The Swedish

Swedish language

Swedish is a North Germanic languages language, spoken by around 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the ?land islands....
and German

German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
name of the island is Dagö (day island), Dagø in Danish

Danish language

Danish is one of the North Germanic languages , a sub-group of the Germanic languages branch of the Indo-European languages. It is spoken by around 6 million people, mainly in Denmark; the language is also used by the 50,000 Danes in the northern parts of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany where it holds the status of minority language....
— a calque

Calque

In linguistics, a calque or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word or root-for-root translation....
of its old Finnish name Päivänsalo (day island); compare Ösel (Yösalo - night island) for Saaremaa

Saaremaa

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Encyclopedia

Hiiumaa is the second largest island

Island

An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets....
(989 km²) belonging to Estonia

Estonia

Baltic Sea

Saaremaa

Archipelago

Moonsund archipelago

Moonsund archipelago is a group of Estonian islands, located in the Baltic Sea.Islands:* Saaremaa* Hiiumaa* Muhu* Vormsiand about 500 smaller islands....
). Its largest town is Kärdla

Kärdla

K?rdla is the largest town on the Estonian island of Hiiumaa and the capital of Hiiu County....
.

Hiiumaa is the main island of Hiiu County

Hiiu County

Estonian language

Estonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various ?migr? communities....
. The Swedish

Swedish language

German language

Danish language

Calque

Saaremaa

Finnish language

Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by Finnish people outside of Finland. It is one of the official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden....
it is called Hiidenmaa, literally hiisi
Hiisi

Hiisi are a kind of tutelary spiritual beings in mythology of the Baltic Sea area, especially in Finland. Most often they are considered to be malicious or at least very horrifying....
's land. In Old Gutnish

Old Gutnish

Old Gutnish was the dialect of Old Norse language that was spoken on the island of Gotland. It shows sufficient differences from the Old East Norse dialects Old Swedish and Old Danish that it is considered to be a separate branch....
it was Dagaiþ (day isthmus), from which the local North Germanic name "Daë" is derived.

History

Archaeological evidence of the first human settlement in Hiiumaa dates to as early as the 4th century BC. The first documented record of the island of Dageida was made by contemporary chroniclers in 1228, at the time when Hiiumaa, along with the rest of Estonia, had been conquered by Germanic crusaders

Livonian Crusade

The Livonian Crusade refers to the Germany and Denmark conquest and colonization of medieval Livonia, the territory constituting modern Latvia and Estonia, during the Northern Crusades....
. In 1254, Hiiumaa was divided between the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek

Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek

The Bishopric of ?sel-Wiek was a semi-independent Roman Catholic Church prince-bishopric in what is now Saare County and L??ne County counties of Estonia....
and the Livonian branch

Livonian Order

The Livonian Order was an autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1435–1561....
of the Teutonic Order, who were also partly acting on behalf of the Hanseatic League

Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League was an Military alliance of Trade cities and their guilds that established and maintained trade monopoly along the coast of Northern Europe, from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea and inland, during the Late Middle Ages and Early modern period ....
.

The island was part of Swedish Estonia

Swedish Estonia

The Duchy of Estonia , also known as Swedish Estonia, was a Dominions of Sweden of Swedish Empire from 1561 until 1721, when it was ceded to Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad, following the outcome in the Great Northern War....
from 1563-1710, after which it passed to the Russian Empire

Russian Empire

File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
as part of the Governorate of Estonia. Most of the island's previously numerous Swedish-speaking population emigrated

Gammalsvenskby

Verbivka is a part of the village Zmiyivka in Kherson Oblast, Ukraine which has a Sweden Kinship and descent....
or were "Estonianised" during the period of Imperial Russian rule.

Hiiumaa was occupied during World War I

World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
by the Imperial German Army

German Army (German Empire)

The German Army was the name given the combined armed forces of the German Empire, also known as the Imperial Army or Imperial German Army. The term "Deutsches Heer" is also used for the modern German Army, the land component of the German Bundeswehr....
, in Operation Albion

Operation Albion

Operation Albion was the German land and naval operation in September and October 1917 to invade and occupy the Estonian islands of Saaremaa , Hiiumaa and Muhu , then part of the Russian Empire....
. After the war, it became a part of independent Estonia. It was annexed by the Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
in 1940, by Nazi Germany

Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany

After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, Army Group North reached Estonia in July 1941.Although initially the Germans were perceived by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its repressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realized that they were but another occupyi...
in 1941, and by the Soviets again in 1944. It was then a part of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic until the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991. Since then, it has been a part of independent Estonia.

Transport

Road transport from Estonian mainland to Hiiumaa involves a 90-minute (28km) ferry crossing from Rohuküla to Heltermaa, which is 25km by road from Kärdla. There are about 10 ferry departures a day. In the summer weekends, getting car space on the ferry usually requires advance booking. There are about 2 scheduled buses a day between Tallinn

Tallinn

Tallinn is the capital and largest city in the Republic of Estonia and of Harju County. It occupies a surface of 159.2 km? in which 397,617 inhabitants live....
(the capital of Estonia) and Kärdla.

Hiiumaa is served by Kärdla Airport

Kärdla Airport

K?rdla Airport is an airport in Estonia. The airport is situated 7 km east of the town of K?rdla on Hiiumaa island.The airport has an asphalt runway of 1520 meters length and 30 meters width....
, with regular flights to Tallinn.

Bicycle rental is available in Kärdla and there is a good bicycle path

Bicycle Path

Bicycle Path is a historic road in Central Suffolk County on Long Island, New York, built in the late 19th Century in order to capitalize on the Bicycle craze#1890s of that period....
built from Kärdla towards Kõrgessaare.

External links

Official site
Sites and resources for Hiiumaa
Pictures of Coastal batteries WWI and WWII in Hiiumaa

Hiiumaa

History

Transport

See also

External links