Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct
Encyclopedia
The Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct is a conveyance of Tuolumne River
Tuolumne River
The Tuolumne River is a California river that flows nearly from the central Sierra Nevada to the San Joaquin River in the Central Valley...

 water runoff from federal lands in Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park is a United States National Park spanning eastern portions of Tuolumne, Mariposa and Madera counties in east central California, United States. The park covers an area of and reaches across the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain chain...

 to San Francisco and its client municipalities in the greater San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Bay Area
The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, is a populated region that surrounds the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California. The region encompasses metropolitan areas of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose, along with smaller urban and rural areas...

. The system, completed in 1934, is a 167 mi (268.8 km) gravity-driven network of dams, reservoirs, tunnels, aqueducts and pipelines that delivers 239000000 USgal/d, from the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir
Hetch Hetchy Reservoir
Hetch Hetchy Reservoir is a reservoir in Yosemite National Park, about northeast from the city of Merced, California. The reservoir has a capacity of and is formed by the concrete gravity O'Shaughnessy Dam in Hetch Hetchy Valley on the Tuolumne River...

 behind O'Shaughnessy Dam
O'Shaughnessy Dam
The O'Shaughnessy Dam is a curved gravity dam on the Tuolumne River in the Hetch Hetchy Valley of California's Sierra Nevada. The dam is located in Yosemite National Park, and creates the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. It is named for former San Francisco chief engineer and the original chief engineer of...

.

The aqueduct
Aqueduct
An aqueduct is a water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water. In modern engineering, the term is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose....

 splits into four separate Bay Division pipelines at the point where it reaches the city of Fremont. These are called Bay Division Pipelines (BDPL) 1, 2, 3, and 4, with nominal pipeline diameters of 60, 66, 78, and 96 inches (2,438.4 mm), respectively. All four pipelines cross the Hayward fault
Hayward Fault Zone
The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating significantly destructive earthquakes. This strike-slip fault is about long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay...

. Pipelines 1 and 2 cross the San Francisco Bay to the south of the Dumbarton Bridge
Dumbarton Bridge (California)
The Dumbarton Bridge is the southernmost of the highway bridges that span the San Francisco Bay in California. Carrying over 81,000 vehicles daily, it is also the shortest bridge across San Francisco Bay at 1.63 miles...

. Pipelines 3 and 4 run to the south of the bay.

Infrastructure

Reservoirs
  • Calaveras Reservoir
    Calaveras Reservoir
    Calaveras Reservoir is a lake located primarily in Santa Clara County, California with a small portion and its dam in Alameda County, California. The reservoir has a capacity of . In Spanish, Calaveras means "skulls."...

     – Calaveras Dam
  • Cherry Lake
    Cherry Lake
    Cherry Lake is an artificial lake in the Stanislaus National Forest of Tuolumne County, California about east of the city of Sonora. It is at an elevation of on the western side of the Sierra Nevada, and lies just outside the western boundary of Yosemite National Park...

     – Cherry Valley Dam
  • Crystal Springs Reservoir
    Crystal Springs Reservoir
    Crystal Springs Reservoir is a pair of artificial lakes located in the northern Santa Cruz Mountains of San Mateo County, California situated in the rift valley created by the San Andreas Fault just to the west of the cities of San Mateo and Hillsborough, and I-280...

     – Crystal Springs Dam
    Crystal Springs Dam
    Crystal Springs Dam is a gravity dam constructed across the San Mateo Creek, impounding water to form the Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir in San Mateo County, California....

  • Hetch Hetchy Reservoir
    Hetch Hetchy Reservoir
    Hetch Hetchy Reservoir is a reservoir in Yosemite National Park, about northeast from the city of Merced, California. The reservoir has a capacity of and is formed by the concrete gravity O'Shaughnessy Dam in Hetch Hetchy Valley on the Tuolumne River...

     – O'Shaughnessy Dam
    O'Shaughnessy Dam
    The O'Shaughnessy Dam is a curved gravity dam on the Tuolumne River in the Hetch Hetchy Valley of California's Sierra Nevada. The dam is located in Yosemite National Park, and creates the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. It is named for former San Francisco chief engineer and the original chief engineer of...

  • Moccasin Reservoir
  • Pilarcitos Lake – Pilarcitos Dam
  • Priest Reservoir
  • San Andreas Lake
    San Andreas Lake
    San Andreas Lake is a reservoir adjacent to the San Francisco Peninsula cities of Millbrae and San Bruno in San Mateo County, California. It is situated directly on the San Andreas Fault, which is named after the lake.- History :...

  • San Antonio Reservoir
    San Antonio Reservoir (Alameda County)
    San Antonio Reservoir is located in Alameda County, California, about three miles east-southeast of Sunol. It was built in 1964 by the City and County of San Francisco. Formed by damming San Antonio Creek not far above where it flows into Alameda Creek, its purpose is to store water from the Hetch...

     – James H. Turner Dam


Power generation
  • Robert C. Kirkwood Powerhouse
  • Dion R. Holm Powerhouse

External links

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