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A hesperidium (plural hesperidia) is a modified berry
Berry

In everyday English, a berry is a broad term for any small edible fruit. Most berries are juicy, round or semi-oblong, brightly coloured, sweet or sour, and don't have a stone or pit....
 with a tough, leathery rind. The peel contains volatile oil glands in pits. The fleshy interior is composed of separate sections, called carpels, filled with fluid-filled vesicles that are actually specialized hair cells.

The outer ovary wall becomes the thick spongy layer, while the inner ovary wall becomes very juicy with several seeds.

Oranges and other citrus
Citrus

Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of the world....
 fruits are common examples.

Unlike most other berries, the rind of hesperidia is generally not eaten with the fruit because it is tough and bitter.






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A hesperidium (plural hesperidia) is a modified berry
Berry

In everyday English, a berry is a broad term for any small edible fruit. Most berries are juicy, round or semi-oblong, brightly coloured, sweet or sour, and don't have a stone or pit....
 with a tough, leathery rind. The peel contains volatile oil glands in pits. The fleshy interior is composed of separate sections, called carpels, filled with fluid-filled vesicles that are actually specialized hair cells.

The outer ovary wall becomes the thick spongy layer, while the inner ovary wall becomes very juicy with several seeds.

Oranges and other citrus
Citrus

Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of the world....
 fruits are common examples.

Unlike most other berries, the rind of hesperidia is generally not eaten with the fruit because it is tough and bitter. A common exception is the kumquat
Kumquat

The kumquats or cumquats are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, in the genus Fortunella which may better be included in Citrus as it is often done....
, which is consumed entirely.

The outermost, pigmented layer of rind contains essential oil
Essential oil

An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. They are also known as volatile or ethereal oils, or simply as the "oil of" the plant material from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove....
s and is known as the flavedo. When scraped off and used as a culinary ingredient it is called zest
Zest (ingredient)

Zest is the outer, colorful skin of citrus, known botanically as the exocarp. It is often used to add flavor to foods....
. The inner rind (known as pith
Pith

Pith is a light substance that is found in vascular plants. It consists of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, and is located in the center of the Plant stem....
 or albedo) of the citron
Citron

The citron is a fragrant fruit with the botanical name Citrus medica Carolus Linnaeus, which applies to both the Walter Tennyson Swingle and Nobuyuki Tanaka systems....
 or lemon
Lemon

The lemon is the common name for Citrus limon. The reproductive tissue surrounds the seed of the angiosperm lemon tree. The lemon is used for culinary and nonculinary purposes throughout the world....
 is candied in sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
 and called succade
Succade

Succade is the candied peel of any of the citrus species, especially from the Citron or Citrus medica which is distinct with its extra thick peel; in addition, the taste of the inner rind of the citron is less bitter than those of the other citrus....
.

See also


  • Fruit anatomy
    Fruit anatomy

    A fruit in botany refers to a mature ovary . In fleshy fruits, the outer, often edible, layer is the pericarp, which is the tissue that develops from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seeds....
  • Peel (fruit)
    Peel (fruit)

    Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which could be peeled off. The rind is usually the Botany exocarp, but the term exocarp does also include the hard cases of nut , which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because of their har...