Hertzian cone

Hertzian Cone

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Hertzian cone

A Hertzian cone is the cone of force that propagates through a brittle, amorphous or cryptocrystalline solid material from a point of impact, eventually removing a full or partial cone. An example often occurs when a plate-glass window is struck by a small object, such as an airgun projectile

Projectile

A projectile is any object propelled through space by the exertion of a force, which ceases after launch. In a general sense, even a Football or baseball may be considered a projectile....
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Projectile

A projectile is any object propelled through space by the exertion of a force, which ceases after launch. In a general sense, even a Football or baseball may be considered a projectile....
. This is the physical principle that explains the form and characteristics of the flakes

Lithic flake

In archaeology, a lithic flake is a "portion of rock removed from an objective piece by percussion or pressure," and may also be referred to as a chip or spall, or collectively as debitage....
removed from a core

Lithic core

In archaeology, a lithic core is a distinctive Artifact that results from the practice of lithic reduction. In this sense, a core is the scarred nucleus resulting from the detachment of one or more lithic flakes from a lump of source material or tool stone, usually by using a hard hammer percussor such as a hammerstone....
of tool stone

Tool stone

In archaeology, a tool stone is a type of stone that is used to manufacture stone tools. Generally speaking, tools that require a sharp edge are made using cryptocrystalline materials that fracture in an easily-controlled Conchoidal fractureal manner....
during the process of lithic reduction

Lithic reduction

Lithic reduction involves the use of a hard hammer precursor, such as a hammerstone, a soft hammer fabricator , or a wood or antler Punch to detach lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone called a lithic core ....
.

This phenomenon is named after the German

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was a German physicist who clarified and expanded the electromagnetic theory of light that had been put forth by James Clerk Maxwell....
, who first described this type of wave-front propagation through various media.

Hertzian cone

See also