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Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch
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Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5th Duke of Queensberry KG, KT (2 September 1746 – 11 January 1812), was a Scottish nobleman and long-time friend of the notable Sir Walter Scott. He is the paternal 3rd great-grandfather of HRH Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and the maternal 4th great-grandfather of HRH Prince William of Gloucester and HRH Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester. He is also the paternal 5th great-grandfather to Sarah, Duchess of York, and a maternal 6th great-grandfather to HRH Princess Beatrice of York and HRH Princess Eugenie of York.
It was during Henry's tenure as Duke of Buccleuch & Queensberry, that much of the family's lands and wealth were accumulated.
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Encyclopedia
Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5th Duke of Queensberry KG, KT (2 September 1746 – 11 January 1812), was a Scottish nobleman and long-time friend of the notable Sir Walter Scott. He is the paternal 3rd great-grandfather of HRH Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and the maternal 4th great-grandfather of HRH Prince William of Gloucester and HRH Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester. He is also the paternal 5th great-grandfather to Sarah, Duchess of York, and a maternal 6th great-grandfather to HRH Princess Beatrice of York and HRH Princess Eugenie of York.
It was during Henry's tenure as Duke of Buccleuch & Queensberry, that much of the family's lands and wealth were accumulated. It was he, as well, who integrated the surnames "Montagu" and "Douglas" with the Scott family name to form the unhyphenated compound surname "Montagu Douglas Scott".
Early Life
Henry Scott was the fourth child of five born to Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith and his wife, Caroline Townshend, and the third-born and only surviving male heir. He was baptised on September 29, 1746 at St. George's Church, St. George Street, Hanover Square, London, England. His father, Francis Scott died with smallpox at the age of 29, just one year before the death of Henry's grandfather, the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch. It was young Henry who succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Buccleuch on 22 April 1751, at the age of just four.
Educated at Eton College, through his stepfather Charles Townshend, Henry was given the opportunity to travel abroad with Adam Smith as his tutor from 1764 to 1766. The Duke remained life-long friends with Adam Smith and is credited with bringing him out of his shell.
Marriage and Family
On 2 May 1767, Henry married Lady Lady Elizabeth Montagu, the eldest daughter of Lady Mary Montagu (daughter of Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu and Lady Mary Churchill) and George (Brudenell) Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu. The couple were married in Montagu House, Whitehall, London. Elizabeth's grandparents were the infamous John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Lady Sarah Jenyns, and Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu (first creation) and Elizabeth Wriothesley (daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton).
Henry and Elizabeth bore seven children together:
- Lady Elizabeth Scott (died 29 Jun 1837), married Alexander Home, 10th Earl of Home and had issue.
- George Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (25 March 1768 – 29 May 1768)
- Lady Mary Scott (21 May 1769 – 21 April 1823), married James Stopford, 3rd Earl of Courtown and had issue.
- Sir Charles William Henry Montagu Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch & 6th Duke of Queensberry (24 May 1772 – 20 April 1819)
- Lady Caroline Scott (6 July 1774 – 29 April 1854), married Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry and had issue.
- Henry James Montagu-Scott, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton (16 December 1776 – 30 October 1845)
- Lady Harriet Scott (1 December 1780 – 18 April 1833), married William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian and had issue.
The Origin of the Montagu Douglas Scott Surname
The Montagu Line
When Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu died on 5 July 1749, his Estate had been entailed to his daughter, Lady Mary Montagu, who was married to Sir George Brudenell, the 4th Earl of Cardigan. In accordance with the laws of English Peerage, the Duke of Montagu’s title could not pass to the Earl of Cardigan through his wife; however, within ten days after Sir John’s death, Sir George chose to adopt the Montagu name and Coat of Arms for both himself and his two children, in order that the Montagu name should continue; seventeen years later, in 1766, King George III granted Sir George the style “1st Duke of Montagu and Marquess of Monthermer” (2nd creation in the peerage).
When Sir George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu died on 23 May 1790, his only surviving heir was his daughter, Elizabeth, now Duchess of Buccleuch. Once again the Duke of Montagu's peerage titles reverted back to the Crown. Through his wife, Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch could inherit only the unentailed Montagu assets, which included Boughton House, in Weekley, Northamptonshire. As with his father-in-law George, Henry had a desire to perpetuate the Montagu surname, and so he elected to add the surname to his own to form the unhyphenated surname "Montagu Scott".
The Douglas Line
William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry, born 16 December 1725, in Peebles, Scotland, was the son of William Douglas, 2nd Earl of March and Lady Anne Hamilton, 2nd Countess of Ruglen. He succeeded to the title of 4th Duke of Queensberry on 22 October 1778, which he inherited through his 1st cousin once removed, Charles Douglas, 3rd Duke of Queensberry, the latter of whose own sons had both predeceased him.
Queensberry married never and died with no legitimate heir apparent on 23 December 1810 at age 85. His title of Duke of Queensberry, and its subsidiary titles and entailments, passed to his 2nd cousin once removed, Sir Henry Montagu Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, through Sir Henry’s grandmother, Lady Jane Douglas, Queensberry’s 1st cousin once removed.
As Henry Scott had done with the Montagu surname, and out of the same desire to perpetuate the association between the Douglas clan and the Dukes of Queensberry, he elected to add the surname to his own to at last form the unhyphenated surname "Montagu Douglas Scott", which the family bears to this day.
Career
Sir Henry Scott was Governor of the Royal Bank of Scotland from 1777 to 1812. He was President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh from 1783 to 1812. He was Lord-Lieutenant of Haddington from 1794 to 1812, and Lord-Lieutenant of Midlothian from 1794 to 1812. In 1778, he raised successfully a regiment of Fencibles.
Death
His Grace, Sir Henry Scott, KG, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5th Duke of Queensberry, died at Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland, on 11 January 1812 in his 66th year. He was buried in the Buccleuch family crypt in St. Mary's Church, Dalkeith.
Titles, Honours, and Awards
31 January 1748 – 31 March 1750: Henry Scott, Lord Eskdaill
1 April 1750 – 21 April 1751: Henry Scott, Earl of Dalkeith
22 April 1751 – 22 December 1810: His Grace, Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch
1778 – 1812: Captain General of the Royal Company of Archers
1767: Appointed Knight of the Thistle (KT)
1794: Appointed Knight of the Garter (KG) (resigning as Knight of the Thistle)
23 December 1810 – 11 January 1812): His Grace, Sir Henry Montagu Douglas Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch & 5th Duke of Queensberry
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