Henriette Adelaide Marie of Savoy, Electress of Bavaria, (Turin, 6 November 1636 - Munich, 13 June 1676), was the wife of the Elector of Bavaria
Ferdinand MariaFerdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679.-Biography:He was born in Munich...
.
Born at the
Castello del ValentinoThe Castle of Valentino is an historic building in the north-west Italian city of Turin. It is located in Valentino Park, and is the seat of the Architecture Faculty of the Politecnico di Torino...
in
TurinTurin is a major city as well as a business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River surrounded by the Alpine arch...
, she lost her father
Victor Amadeus I, Duke of SavoyVictor Amadeus I was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. He was also known as the Lion of Susa. -Biography:...
when she was just one year old. Her mother was
Christine Marie of FranceChristine Marie of France , was Duchess consort of Savoy and later regent of the Duchy of Savoy between 1637 and 1663.-Biography:...
, daughter of
Henry IV of FranceHenry IV was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France. His parents were Queen Jeanne III and King Antoine of Navarre.As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the Wars of Religion before...
and
Marie de' MediciMarie de Médici , was queen consort of France. She was the second wife of King Henry IV of France, of the Bourbon branch of the kings of France...
. After the death of her father, her mother was the Regent of Savoy for two of Henriette Adelaide's brothers
Francis HyacinthFrancis Hyacinth was the Duke of Savoy from 1637 to 1638 under regency of his mother Marie Christine. He was also Marquess of Saluzzo, count of Aosta, Moriana and Nice, and claimant King of Jerusalem. He was also known as the Flower of Paradise...
(1632-1638) and
Charles Emmanuel IICharles Emmanuel II was the Duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675 and under regency of his mother Christine Marie of France until 1663. He was also Marquis of Saluzzo, Count of Aosta, Geneva, Moriana and Nice, as well as claimant king of Cyprus and Jerusalem.-Biography:He was born in Turin to Victor...
(1634-1675).
Henriette Adelaide Marie of Savoy, Electress of Bavaria, (Turin, 6 November 1636 - Munich, 13 June 1676), was the wife of the Elector of Bavaria
Ferdinand MariaFerdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679.-Biography:He was born in Munich...
.
Biography
Born at the
Castello del ValentinoThe Castle of Valentino is an historic building in the north-west Italian city of Turin. It is located in Valentino Park, and is the seat of the Architecture Faculty of the Politecnico di Torino...
in
TurinTurin is a major city as well as a business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River surrounded by the Alpine arch...
, she lost her father
Victor Amadeus I, Duke of SavoyVictor Amadeus I was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. He was also known as the Lion of Susa. -Biography:...
when she was just one year old. Her mother was
Christine Marie of FranceChristine Marie of France , was Duchess consort of Savoy and later regent of the Duchy of Savoy between 1637 and 1663.-Biography:...
, daughter of
Henry IV of FranceHenry IV was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France. His parents were Queen Jeanne III and King Antoine of Navarre.As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the Wars of Religion before...
and
Marie de' MediciMarie de Médici , was queen consort of France. She was the second wife of King Henry IV of France, of the Bourbon branch of the kings of France...
. After the death of her father, her mother was the Regent of Savoy for two of Henriette Adelaide's brothers
Francis HyacinthFrancis Hyacinth was the Duke of Savoy from 1637 to 1638 under regency of his mother Marie Christine. He was also Marquess of Saluzzo, count of Aosta, Moriana and Nice, and claimant King of Jerusalem. He was also known as the Flower of Paradise...
(1632-1638) and
Charles Emmanuel IICharles Emmanuel II was the Duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675 and under regency of his mother Christine Marie of France until 1663. He was also Marquis of Saluzzo, Count of Aosta, Geneva, Moriana and Nice, as well as claimant king of Cyprus and Jerusalem.-Biography:He was born in Turin to Victor...
(1634-1675). Her uncle's Maurice of Savoy and his younger brother Thomas disputed the power of their sister-in-law, and her French entourage.
When the first heir Francis Hyacinth died in 1638, both brothers started the
Piedmontese Civil WarThe Piedmontese Civil War was in practice part of the Franco-Spanish War of 1635-59, but was sufficiently distinct to warrant independent entry.Unless otherwise specified, the source is Saluzzo , vols. 3-4, for all military events in Piedmont . Useful information comes from Hanotaux vols...
, with Spanish support. The two parties were called "
principisti" (supporters of the Princes) and "
madamisti" (supporters of Madama Reale).
Her maternal uncles were
Louis XIII of FranceLouis XIII reigned as King of France and Navarre from 1610 to 1643.-Early life, 1601—1610:Born at the Château de Fontainebleau, Louis XIII was the eldest child of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici . As son of the king, he was a Fils de France, and as the eldest son, the Dauphin...
,
Nicholas Henri, Duke of OrléansNicolas Henri de France, Duke of Orléans, was the second son and fourth child of Henry IV of France and his Italian queen Marie de' Medici.-Life:...
and
Gaston, Duke of OrléansGaston Jean-Baptiste de France, duc d'Orléans, , was the third son of the king of France Henry IV and of his wife Marie de' Medici.As a son of the king, he was a Fils de France...
. Her maternal aunts were Elisabeth of Bourbon and
Henrietta Maria of FranceHenrietta Maria of France ; was the Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I....
. Her uncles-by-marriage included
Philip IV of SpainPhilip IV was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665, sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, and King of Portugal until 1640. On the eve of his death in 1665, the Spanish empire reached its territorial zenith spanning almost 3 billion acres...
through Elisabeth and
Charles I of EnglandCharles I, , the second son of James VI of Scotland and I of England, was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England...
through Henrietta Maria.
On 8 December 1650 she married
Ferdinand Maria, future Elector of BavariaFerdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679.-Biography:He was born in Munich...
. The next year Ferdinand Maria became Elector, when his father
MaximilianMaximilian I, Duke/Elector of Bavaria , called "the Great", was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. His reign was marked by the Thirty Years' War ....
died.
Henriette Adelaide had a strong influence on Bavarian politics, in favor of France. This led to an alliance between France and Bavaria against Austria. The marriage of her eldest daughter Maria Anna and her cousin
le Grand Dauphin in 1680 was the outcome of this alliance.
She also had a great part in the building of
Nymphenburg PalaceThe Nymphenburg Palace , i.e. "Nymph's Castle", is a Baroque palace in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. The palace was the main summer residence of the rulers of Bavaria.-History:...
and the Theatinerkirche. Many Italian artists were invited to Munich. She also introduced the
Italian operaItalian opera is both the art of opera in Italy and opera in the Italian language. Opera was born in Italy around the year 1600 and Italian opera has continued to play a dominant role in the history of the form until the present day. Many famous operas in Italian were written by foreign composers,...
in Bavaria.
She died in
MunichMunich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg...
and was buried in the Theatine Church, Munich - the church she and her husband built as a gesture of thanks for the birth of the long-awaited heir to the Bavarian crown, Prince Max Emanuel, in 1662.
Issue
- Maria Anna Christina Victoria, Duchess of Bavaria 28 November 1660 – 20 April 1690), married Louis, le Grand Dauphin and had issue; present King of Spain
Juan Carlos I of Spain is the reigning king of Spain. He is the son of the late Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and the late Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies...
descends from Victoria;
- Maximilian Maria Emanuel Cajetan, Duke of Bavaria
Maximilian II , also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the last Governor of the Spanish Netherlands and duke of Luxembourg...
(11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726), next Elector of Bavaria; married Maria Antonia of AustriaNo to be confused with Marie Antoinette of Austria, Queen of France.Maria Antonia of Austria was the eldest daughter and only surviving child of Emperor Leopold I and Margarita Teresa of Spain. She was a case of Habsburg inbreeding as her father was her mother's maternal uncle and paternal first...
and had issue; married Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska and had issue;
- Luise Margarete Antonie, Duchess of Bavaria
- Ludwig Amadeus Victor, Duke of Bavaria
- Kajetan Maria Franz, Duke of Bavaria
- Joseph Clemens Kajetan, Duke of Bavaria
Joseph Clemens von Wittelsbach was an archbishop of Cologne, Germany, from 1688 to 1723.The third son of Ferdinand Maria of Bavaria and his wife, Henrietta Adelaide of Savoy, Joseph Clemens was designated by his parents for a life in the church...
(5 December 1671 – 12 November 1723), Elector and Archbishop of Cologne
- Violante Beatrix, Duchess of Bavaria
Violante Beatrix of Bavaria , was Hereditary Princess of Tuscany and Governess of Sienna, till her death in 1731.-Birth and Marriage:...
(3 April 1673 – 3 June 1731) married Ferdinando de' Medici, Hereditary Prince of Tuscany
Ancestors
Titles and styles
- 6 November 1636 – 8 December 1650 Her Highness
Highness, often used with a personal possessive pronoun is an attribute referring to the rank of the dynasty in an address...
Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
- 8 December 1650 – 27 September 1651 Her Serene Highness
Serene Highness is a style used today by the reigning families of Monaco and Liechtenstein...
the Electoral Princess of Bavaria
- 27 September 1651 – 13 June 1676 Her Serene Highness
Serene Highness is a style used today by the reigning families of Monaco and Liechtenstein...
the Electress of Bavaria
Titles
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