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Hematoma

 
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Hematoma
 
 
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A hematoma, or haematoma, is a collection of blood
Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
 outside the blood vessels, generally the result of hemorrhage, or more specifically, internal bleeding
Internal bleeding

Internal bleeding is bleeding occurring inside the body. It can be a serious medical emergency depending on where it occurs , and can potentially cause death and cardiac arrest if proper medical treatment is not received quickly....
.

It is not to be confused with hemangioma
Hemangioma

A hemangioma is a congenital benign tumour or vascular malformation of endothelial cells .In infancy, it is the most common tumor....
 which is an abnormal build up of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs.

toma - from Greek a?ľa, haima, blood + t?ľa, t-oma, indicating an abnormality.

Hematomas exist as bruise
Bruise

A bruise, also called a contusion, is an injury to biological tissue in which the capillary are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue....
s (ecchymosis
Ecchymosis

An ecchymosis is a spot caused by loss of blood from a vessel.It implies a larger size than a petechiae.It has a more diffuse border than purpura....
), but can also develop in organs
Organ (anatomy)

In biology, an organ is a biological tissue that performs a specific function or group of functions. Usually there is a main tissue and sporadic tissues....
.There are two kinds, an intermuscular and intramuscular hematoma.






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Encyclopedia


A hematoma, or haematoma, is a collection of blood
Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
 outside the blood vessels, generally the result of hemorrhage, or more specifically, internal bleeding
Internal bleeding

Internal bleeding is bleeding occurring inside the body. It can be a serious medical emergency depending on where it occurs , and can potentially cause death and cardiac arrest if proper medical treatment is not received quickly....
.

It is not to be confused with hemangioma
Hemangioma

A hemangioma is a congenital benign tumour or vascular malformation of endothelial cells .In infancy, it is the most common tumor....
 which is an abnormal build up of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs.

Presentation

Hematoma - from Greek a?ľa, haima, blood + t?ľa, t-oma, indicating an abnormality.

Hematomas exist as bruise
Bruise

A bruise, also called a contusion, is an injury to biological tissue in which the capillary are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue....
s (ecchymosis
Ecchymosis

An ecchymosis is a spot caused by loss of blood from a vessel.It implies a larger size than a petechiae.It has a more diffuse border than purpura....
), but can also develop in organs
Organ (anatomy)

In biology, an organ is a biological tissue that performs a specific function or group of functions. Usually there is a main tissue and sporadic tissues....
.There are two kinds, an intermuscular and intramuscular hematoma. Some hematomas form into welt-like formations that are hard to the touch. Such a formation is a sac of blood that the body creates to keep internal bleeding to a minimum. In most cases the sac of blood eventually dissolves, however, in some cases they may continue to grow or show no change. If the sac of blood does not disappear, then it may need to be surgically removed.

Hematomas can gradually migrate, as the effused cells
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
 and pigment
Pigment

A pigment is a material that changes the color of light it Reflection as the result of selective color absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which the material itself emits light....
 move in the connective tissue. For example, a patient who injures the base of his thumb might cause a hematoma, which will slowly move all through the finger within a week. Gravity is the main determinant of this process.

Hematomas on articulations can reduce mobility of a member and present roughly the same symptoms as a fracture.

Types

  • Head/brain:
    • Subgaleal hematoma — between the galea aponeurosis and periosteum
      Periosteum

      Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bone, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones....
    • Cephalhematoma
      Cephalhematoma

      A cephalhematoma or cephalhaematoma is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn infant secondary to rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum....
       — between the periosteum
      Periosteum

      Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bone, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones....
       and skull
      Skull

      The skull is a bone structure found in the head of many animals. The skull supports the structures of the face and protects the head against injury....
    • Epidural hematoma
      Epidural hematoma

      Epidural or extradural hematoma is a type of traumatic brain injury in which a buildup of blood occurs between the dura mater and the skull....
       — between the skull
      Skull

      The skull is a bone structure found in the head of many animals. The skull supports the structures of the face and protects the head against injury....
       and dura mater
      Dura mater

      The dura mater , or pachymeninx, is the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord....
    • Subdural hematoma
      Subdural hematoma

      A subdural hematoma is a form of traumatic brain injury in which blood gathers within the inner meningeal layer of the dura mater . Unlike in epidural hematomas, which are usually caused by tears in artery, subdural bleeding usually results from tears in veins that cross the subdural space....
       — between the dura mater
      Dura mater

      The dura mater , or pachymeninx, is the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord....
       and arachnoid mater
      Arachnoid mater

      The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space....
    • Subarachnoid hematoma — between the arachnoid mater
      Arachnoid mater

      The arachnoid mater is one of the three meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is interposed between the two other meninges, the more superficial dura mater and the deeper pia mater, and is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space....
       and pia mater
      Pia mater

      The pia mater is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges?the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.The thin, mesh-like pia mater closely envelops the entire surface of the brain, running down into the fissures of the cortex....
       (the subarachnoid space
      Subarachnoid space

      In the central nervous system, the subarachnoid cavity is the interval between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater.It is occupied by a spongy tissue consisting of trabecul? and intercommunicating channels in which the cerebrospinal fluid is contained....
      )
    • Othematoma — between the skin and the layers of cartilage of the ear.


  • Perichondral hematoma
    Cauliflower ear

    Cauliflower ear is a condition most common among amateur wrestling, rugby football, Mixed martial arts, and grapplers. If the pinna suffers a blow, a Thrombus or other fluid may collect under the perichondrium....
     (ear
    Ear

    The ear is the sense organ that detects sounds. The vertebrate ear shows a common biology from fish to humans, with variations in structure according to order and species....
    )
  • Perianal hematoma
    Perianal hematoma

    A Perianal hematoma is a type of hematoma located in, or on the border of the anus. It can be misdiagnosed as a hemorrhoid, but is sometimes referred to as an external hemorrhoid....
     (anus
    Anus

    The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as coprolite ; food material after all the nutrients have b...
    )
  • Subungual hematoma
    Subungual hematoma

    A subungual hematoma is a collection of blood underneath a Nail or fingernail....
     (nail)


Degrees of hematoma

  • Petechiae - small pinpoint hematomas less than 3 mm in diameter
  • Purpura
    Purpura

    Purpura is the appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. They are caused by bleeding underneath the skin....
     - (purple) a bruise about 1 cm in diameter, generally round in shape
  • Ecchymosis
    Ecchymosis

    An ecchymosis is a spot caused by loss of blood from a vessel.It implies a larger size than a petechiae.It has a more diffuse border than purpura....
     - hematoma greater than 3 mm
  • Hematoma - bruise


Sport injuries

A common sport-related hematoma of the muscle is known as a 'cork', most commonly a "cork thigh" (quadriceps), but also calf and arm, in which the muscle is compressed against the underlying bone. Rupture of the muscle causes hematoma, resulting in swelling.

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