Heads of state of Chad
Encyclopedia

List of Heads of State of Chad

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Tenure Portrait Incumbent Affiliation Notes
Republic of Chad
Chad
Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...

Independence from France
(République du Tchad
Chad
Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...

)
11 August 1960 to 23 April 1962 François Tombalbaye
François Tombalbaye
François Tombalbaye, also called Ngarta Tombalbaye , was a teacher and a trade union activist who served as the first president of Chad. He was born in the southern region of the country in the Moyen-Chari Prefecture near the city of Koumara and was of the Sara ethnic group, the prominent ethnicity...

, Head of State
PPT  
23 April 1962 to 30 August 1973 François Tombalbaye
François Tombalbaye
François Tombalbaye, also called Ngarta Tombalbaye , was a teacher and a trade union activist who served as the first president of Chad. He was born in the southern region of the country in the Moyen-Chari Prefecture near the city of Koumara and was of the Sara ethnic group, the prominent ethnicity...

, President
Changed name to N’Garta Tombalbaye
30 August 1973 to 13 April 1975 N’Garta Tombalbaye
François Tombalbaye
François Tombalbaye, also called Ngarta Tombalbaye , was a teacher and a trade union activist who served as the first president of Chad. He was born in the southern region of the country in the Moyen-Chari Prefecture near the city of Koumara and was of the Sara ethnic group, the prominent ethnicity...

, President
MNRCS Previously named François Tombalbaye;
Killed in the 1975 coup d'etat
Chadian coup of 1975
The Chadian coup of 1975 was in considerable part generated by the growing distrust of the President of Chad, François Tombalbaye, for the army. This distrust came in part from the Chadian Armed Forces incapacity to deal with the rebellion that was inflaming the Muslim north from when the rebel...

13 April 1975 to 15 April 1975 Noël Milarew Odingar
Noël Milarew Odingar
Noël Milarew Odingar was a Chadian officer who briefly served as head of state and was later one of the nine members of the Supreme Military Council, the military junta that ruled Chad between 1975 and 1978....

, interim Head of State
Mil  
15 April 1975 to 12 May 1975 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou
Félix Malloum
General Félix Malloum or Félix Malloum Ngakoutou Bey-Ndi was a Chadian politician from the south. He served as an officer in the Chadian Military and as a member of the ruling Chadian Progressive Party . He later became the Chief of Staff with the rank of colonel...

, Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
Mil  
12 May 1975 to 29 August 1978 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou
Félix Malloum
General Félix Malloum or Félix Malloum Ngakoutou Bey-Ndi was a Chadian politician from the south. He served as an officer in the Chadian Military and as a member of the ruling Chadian Progressive Party . He later became the Chief of Staff with the rank of colonel...

, Head of State
 
29 August 1978 to 23 March 1979 Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou
Félix Malloum
General Félix Malloum or Félix Malloum Ngakoutou Bey-Ndi was a Chadian politician from the south. He served as an officer in the Chadian Military and as a member of the ruling Chadian Progressive Party . He later became the Chief of Staff with the rank of colonel...

, President
Resigned
23 March 1979 to 29 April 1979 Goukouni Oueddei
Goukouni Oueddei
Goukouni Oueddei is a Chadian political figure. He was Head of State of Chad from 1979 to 1982. He is currently in exile.-Biography:...

, Chairman of the Provisional Council of State
FROLINAT-FAP 1st Term
29 April 1979 to 3 September 1979 Lol Mahamat Choua, President of the Transitional Government of National Unity MPLT
3 September 1979 to 10 November 1979 Goukouni Oueddei
Goukouni Oueddei
Goukouni Oueddei is a Chadian political figure. He was Head of State of Chad from 1979 to 1982. He is currently in exile.-Biography:...

, Chairman of the Provisional Administrative Committee
FROLINAT-FAP 2nd Term; Deposed
10 November 1979 to 7 June 1982 Goukouni Oueddei
Goukouni Oueddei
Goukouni Oueddei is a Chadian political figure. He was Head of State of Chad from 1979 to 1982. He is currently in exile.-Biography:...

, President of the Transitional Government of National Unity
7 June 1982 to 19 June 1982 Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:...

, Chairman of the Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North
Armed Forces of the North
The Armed Forces of the North was a Chadian rebel army active during the Chadian Civil War. Composed of FROLINAT units that remained loyal to Hissène Habré following his break from Goukouni Oueddei and the CCFAN in 1976...

FAN  
19 June 1982 to 21 October 1982 Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:...

, Chairman of the Council of State
 
21 October 1982 to 1984 Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré
Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:...

, President
 
1984 to 2 December 1990 UNIR Deposed
2 December 1990 to 4 December 1990 Idriss Déby
Idriss Déby
General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...

, President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement
MPS  
4 December 1990 to 4 March 1991 Idriss Déby
Idriss Déby
General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...

, Head of State
 
4 March 1991 to Present Idriss Déby
Idriss Déby
General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...

, President
 

Affiliations

ACTUS Action Tchadienne pour l'Unité et le Socialisme (Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism
Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism
Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism is a communist political party in Chad, led by Fidèle Moungar. The party was founded in 1981.Moungar was chosen as Prime Minister in April 1993 by the Sovereign National Conference, but subsequently lost an October 1993 vote of no-confidence and resigned...

)
ANDR Alliance Nationale pour la Démocratie et le Renouveau (National Union for Democracy and Renewal
National Union for Democracy and Renewal
The National Union for Democracy and Renewal is a political party in Chad, led by Saleh Kebzabo.In the 1997 parliamentary election, the UNDR won 15 out of 125 seats. In the parliamentary election held on 21 April 2002, the party won five out of 155 seats....

)
MPS Mouvement Patriotique du Salut
Patriotic Salvation Movement
The Patriotic Salvation Movement is the ruling political party in Chad.After Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the April 1 Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing...

(Patriotic Salvation Movement
Patriotic Salvation Movement
The Patriotic Salvation Movement is the ruling political party in Chad.After Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the April 1 Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing...

)
MPLT Mouvement Populaire pour la Libération du Tchad (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad
The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad was a small rebel group active in Chad during the civil war....

)
UDR Union pour la Démocratie et la République (Union for Democracy and Republic
Union for Democracy and Republic (Chad)
The Union for Democracy and Republic is a Chadian political party founded in 1992. In March the party elected as its president Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, who had just left the position of Prime Minister. In the parliamentary election of 1997 the party took 4 seats and initially supported the president...

)
UNIR Union Nationale pour l’Indépendance et Révolution (National Union for Independence and Revolution
National Union for Independence and Revolution
The National Union for Independence and Revolution was the ruling party in Chad between 1984 and 1990. It was founded in June 1984 by President Hissène Habré as a successor of his Armed Forces of the North, the insurgent group through which Habré had conquered power in 1982...

) until 1984: FAN
VIVA Rassemblement national pour le développement et le progrès
National Rally for Development and Progress
The National Rally for Development and Progress is a political party in Chad, led by Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye. It was founded in early 1992, with Koumakoye as its President....

(National Rally for Development and Progress
National Rally for Development and Progress
The National Rally for Development and Progress is a political party in Chad, led by Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye. It was founded in early 1992, with Koumakoye as its President....

)
ANLC Avant National de Libération du Chad (Front for the National Liberation of the Chad)
FAN Forces Armées du Nord (Armed Forces of the North
Armed Forces of the North
The Armed Forces of the North was a Chadian rebel army active during the Chadian Civil War. Composed of FROLINAT units that remained loyal to Hissène Habré following his break from Goukouni Oueddei and the CCFAN in 1976...

) from 1984: UNIR
FAP Forces Armées Populaires (People's Armed Forces
People's Armed Forces
The People's Armed Forces was a Chadian insurgent group composed of followers of Goukouni Oueddei after the schism with Hissène Habré in 1976...

)
FROLINAT Front de Libération Nationale du Tchad (National Liberation Front of Chad) pro-Libyan, to 1987
GIRT Groupement des Indépendants et Ruraux Tchadiens (Rally of Chadian Independents and Peasants) split from Union Démocratique Tchadienne
MNRCS Mouvement National pour la Révolution Culturelle et Sociale (National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution
National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution
The National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution was a political party in Chad. It was the successor to the Chadian Progressive Party and existed from 1973 to 1975 as the country's sole legal party, under the strict control of the President Ngarta Tombalbaye...

) only legal party Jun 1973-13 April 1975, from PPT
PPT Parti Progressiste Tchadienne |(Chadian Progressive Party
Chadian Progressive Party
The Chadian Progressive Party was the first African political party created in Chad, active from 1947 to 1973...

) leftist, only legal party Jan 1962-Jun 1973, from 1973: MNRCS
RUDT Rassemlement pour l’Unité et la Démocratie au Tchad (Rally for Unity and Democracy in Chad)
Mil Military
n-p non-partisan

External links

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