Harwood, Greater Manchester
Encyclopedia
Harwood is a suburb to the north-northeast of Bolton
, Greater Manchester
, bordering Bury
in North West
England.
, was part of the Manchester fee
held by the Grelleys in the Middle Ages
. In 1212 it was divided, the parts held by Roger de Samlesbury
and Alexander de Harwood. The Samlesbury portion descended in the same way as Breightmet
and the Harwood portion to the Traffords of Trafford
who sold it in 1589 and afterwards much divided. The Radcliffes and Bartons of Smithills Hall
held land in Harwood for many generations and Adam Mort of Astley
held a messuage
and a fulling mill in 1630.
In the Hearth tax returns of 1666, forty-two hearths were liable to tax but only one house had three hearths. The common lands were enclosed in 1801. Christ Church was built in 1840 and Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels were also built.
in the Hundred of Salford
. In 1837 it became part of the Bolton Poor Law Union
which took responsibility for funding the Poor Law
in that area and in 1898 it became part of Turton Urban District.
to the north of the road to Bury
. The Bradshaw Brook separates it from Tonge
. The township covered about 1240 acres (5 km²) of hilly land, the highest point is 825 feet (251.5 m) at Bowstone Hill and the lowest 300 feet (91.4 m). Stone was quarried and the streams used by bleachworks. The underlying rocks are coal measures
, sandstone
s and shale
s.
. Harwood is mostly residential, with the few businesses concentrated around a Morrisons
supermarket at its centre. Neighbouring districts include Affetside
, Bradshaw
and Breightmet.
Harwood has several public houses; (The House Without A Name, the Seven Stars, The Grey Mare, The Old School House and the White Horse) two restaurants, a doctor's surgery and a park (Longsight Park, though there is a small recreational ground for children off Recreation Street).
.
Bolton
Bolton is a town in Greater Manchester, in the North West of England. Close to the West Pennine Moors, it is north west of the city of Manchester. Bolton is surrounded by several smaller towns and villages which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, of which Bolton is the...
, Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the...
, bordering Bury
Bury
Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, east of Bolton, west-southwest of Rochdale, and north-northwest of the city of Manchester...
in North West
North West England
North West England, informally known as The North West, is one of the nine official regions of England.North West England had a 2006 estimated population of 6,853,201 the third most populated region after London and the South East...
England.
History
The township was recorded as Harewode in 1212 and 1302. The manor which included BradshawBradshaw, Greater Manchester
Bradshaw is suburb of the unparished area of South Turton, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, it lies on the southern edge of the West Pennine Moors.-History:...
, was part of the Manchester fee
Fee
A fee is the price one pays as remuneration for services. Fees usually allow for overhead, wages, costs, and markup.Traditionally, professionals in Great Britain received a fee in contradistinction to a payment, salary, or wage, and would often use guineas rather than pounds as units of account...
held by the Grelleys in the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. In 1212 it was divided, the parts held by Roger de Samlesbury
Samlesbury
Samlesbury is a small village and civil parish in the South Ribble borough of Lancashire, England. Samlesbury Hall, a historic house, is located in the village as well as Samlesbury Aerodrome...
and Alexander de Harwood. The Samlesbury portion descended in the same way as Breightmet
Breightmet
Breightmet is a neighbourhood of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically a township of the civil and ecclesiastical parish of Bolton le Moors in the Salford hundred of Lancashire, it lies 2 miles north east of Bolton and 4 miles north-west of Bury...
and the Harwood portion to the Traffords of Trafford
Trafford
The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It has a population of 211,800, covers , and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Sale, Stretford, and Urmston...
who sold it in 1589 and afterwards much divided. The Radcliffes and Bartons of Smithills Hall
Smithills Hall
Smithills Hall is a Grade I listed manor house, and a Scheduled Monument in the township of Halliwell, now in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. it stands on the slopes of the moors above Bolton at a height of 500 feet, two miles north west of the town centre. It occupies a defensive site near...
held land in Harwood for many generations and Adam Mort of Astley
Astley, Greater Manchester
Astley is a settlement within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England, variously described as a suburb or a village. Astley lies on flat land to the northwest of the city of Manchester, and is crossed by the Bridgewater Canal and the A580 "East Lancashire Road"...
held a messuage
Messuage
In law, the term messuage equates to a dwelling-house and includes outbuildings, orchard, curtilage or court-yard and garden. At one time messuage supposedly had a more extensive meaning than that conveyed by the words house or site, but such distinction no longer survives.A capital messuage is the...
and a fulling mill in 1630.
In the Hearth tax returns of 1666, forty-two hearths were liable to tax but only one house had three hearths. The common lands were enclosed in 1801. Christ Church was built in 1840 and Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels were also built.
Governance
Lying within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Harwood was a township in the ecclesiastical parish of Bolton le MoorsBolton le Moors
Bolton le Moors was a civil parish and ecclesiastical parish of the hundred of Salford in the historic county of Lancashire, England...
in the Hundred of Salford
Salford (hundred)
The hundred of Salford was an ancient division of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England. It was sometimes known as Salfordshire, the name alluding to its judicial centre being the township of Salford...
. In 1837 it became part of the Bolton Poor Law Union
Poor Law Union
A Poor Law Union was a unit used for local government in the United Kingdom from the 19th century. The administration of the Poor Law was the responsibility of parishes, which varied wildly in their size, populations, financial resources, rateable values and requirements...
which took responsibility for funding the Poor Law
Poor Law
The English Poor Laws were a system of poor relief which existed in England and Wales that developed out of late-medieval and Tudor-era laws before being codified in 1587–98...
in that area and in 1898 it became part of Turton Urban District.
Geography
Harwood is 2½ miles north east of Bolton in the West Pennine MoorsWest Pennine Moors
The West Pennine Moors cover an area of approximately of moorland and reservoirs in Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England.The West Pennine Moors are separated from the main Pennine range by the Irwell Valley. The moorland includes Withnell, Anglezarke and Rivington Moors in the extreme west,...
to the north of the road to Bury
Bury
Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, east of Bolton, west-southwest of Rochdale, and north-northwest of the city of Manchester...
. The Bradshaw Brook separates it from Tonge
Tonge with Haulgh
Tonge with Haulgh was a township of the civil and ecclesiastical parish of Bolton le Moors in the Salford hundred of Lancashire, England.-Toponymy:...
. The township covered about 1240 acres (5 km²) of hilly land, the highest point is 825 feet (251.5 m) at Bowstone Hill and the lowest 300 feet (91.4 m). Stone was quarried and the streams used by bleachworks. The underlying rocks are coal measures
Coal Measures
The Coal Measures is a lithostratigraphical term for the coal-bearing part of the Upper Carboniferous System. It represents the remains of fluvio-deltaic sediment, and consists mainly of clastic rocks interstratified with the beds of coal...
, sandstone
Sandstone
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any colour, but the most common colours are tan, brown, yellow,...
s and shale
Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. The ratio of clay to other minerals is variable. Shale is characterized by breaks along thin laminae or parallel layering...
s.
Economy
Originally a small village within the former Turton Urban District, but now a small part of the Metropolitan Borough of BoltonMetropolitan Borough of Bolton
The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Bolton, but covers a far larger area which includes Blackrod, Farnworth, Horwich, Kearsley and Westhoughton, and a suburban and rural element from the West Pennine...
. Harwood is mostly residential, with the few businesses concentrated around a Morrisons
Morrisons
Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc is the fourth largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom, headquartered in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The company is usually referred to and is branded as Morrisons formerly Morrison's, and it is part of the FTSE 100 Index of companies...
supermarket at its centre. Neighbouring districts include Affetside
Affetside
Affetside is an upland village located in the West Pennine Moors area, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, bordering Bolton in North West England. Historically, it was part of Lancashire. It is also in the Local Council Ward of Tottington, and is situated in the Bury North...
, Bradshaw
Bradshaw, Greater Manchester
Bradshaw is suburb of the unparished area of South Turton, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, it lies on the southern edge of the West Pennine Moors.-History:...
and Breightmet.
Harwood has several public houses; (The House Without A Name, the Seven Stars, The Grey Mare, The Old School House and the White Horse) two restaurants, a doctor's surgery and a park (Longsight Park, though there is a small recreational ground for children off Recreation Street).
Transport
Harwood is served by the 507 bus from Bolton. On schooldays, the 480 runs in the morning and the afternoon between Canon Slade HS and Bury. The nearest railway station is located at Bromley CrossBromley Cross railway station
Bromley Cross railway station, situated in Bromley Cross, a suburb to the north of Bolton, is served by the Northern Rail 'Ribble Valley' line 4 km north of Bolton....
.