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Haraam (often
haram) is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden", or "sacred". In
IslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
it is used to refer to anything that is prohibited by the word of
AllahAllah is a word for God used in the context of Islam. In Arabic, the word means simply "God". It is used primarily by Muslims and Bahá'ís, and often, albeit not exclusively, used by Arabic-speaking Eastern Catholic Christians, Maltese Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, Mizrahi Jews and...
(God) in the Qur'an or the Hadith Qudsi. Haraam is the highest status of prohibition given to anything that would result in sin when a Muslim commits it. Its
antonymIn lexical semantics, opposites are words that lie in an inherently incompatible binary relationship as in the opposite pairs male : female, long : short, up : down, and precede : follow. The notion of incompatibility here refers to the fact that one word in an opposite pair entails that it is not...
is
{{For|the Islamic term for "sanctuary"|Haram}}
{{Cleanup|date=July 2007}}
{{Usul al-fiqh}}
Haraam ({{lang-ar|حَرَام}} {{transl|ar|DIN|ḥarām}}) (often haram) is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden", or "sacred". In IslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
it is used to refer to anything that is prohibited by the word of AllahAllah is a word for God used in the context of Islam. In Arabic, the word means simply "God". It is used primarily by Muslims and Bahá'ís, and often, albeit not exclusively, used by Arabic-speaking Eastern Catholic Christians, Maltese Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, Mizrahi Jews and...
(God) in the Qur'an or the Hadith Qudsi. Haraam is the highest status of prohibition given to anything that would result in sin when a Muslim commits it. Its antonymIn lexical semantics, opposites are words that lie in an inherently incompatible binary relationship as in the opposite pairs male : female, long : short, up : down, and precede : follow. The notion of incompatibility here refers to the fact that one word in an opposite pair entails that it is not...
is
{{For|the Islamic term for "sanctuary"|Haram}}
{{Cleanup|date=July 2007}}
{{Usul al-fiqh}}
Haraam ({{lang-ar|حَرَام}} {{transl|ar|DIN|ḥarām}}) (often haram) is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden", or "sacred". In IslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
it is used to refer to anything that is prohibited by the word of AllahAllah is a word for God used in the context of Islam. In Arabic, the word means simply "God". It is used primarily by Muslims and Bahá'ís, and often, albeit not exclusively, used by Arabic-speaking Eastern Catholic Christians, Maltese Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, Mizrahi Jews and...
(God) in the Qur'an or the Hadith Qudsi. Haraam is the highest status of prohibition given to anything that would result in sin when a Muslim commits it. Its antonymIn lexical semantics, opposites are words that lie in an inherently incompatible binary relationship as in the opposite pairs male : female, long : short, up : down, and precede : follow. The notion of incompatibility here refers to the fact that one word in an opposite pair entails that it is not...
is {{translHalal is a term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. The term is used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
(allowed).
The religious term haraam, based on the Quran, is applied to:
- Actions, such as adultery, murder or homosexuality.
- Objects, such as Masjid al-Haram
Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām is the largest mosque in the world. Located in the city of Mecca, it surrounds the Kaaba, the place which Muslims worldwide turn towards while performing daily prayers and is Islam's holiest place...
and Masjid al-Nabawi in context as two haram (stricted) mosque.
- Food and drinks, such as pork and alcohol
- Some halal objects, foods or actions that are normally halal but under some conditions become haram. For example halal food and drinks at noon-time during Ramadan
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, which lasts 29 or 30 days. It is the Islamic month of fasting, in which participating Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, smoking and sex during daylight hours and is intended to teach Muslims about patience, spirituality, humility and...
, a cow or another halal animal that is not slaughtered under the way and the name of God.
Haraam has, over the years, accumulated additional non-traditional uses to it. In Arabic-speaking countries, saying "haraam" can mean, "what a shame" or "what a pity" (this meaning has been adopted by Modern HebrewModern Hebrew , also known as Israeli Hebrew or Modern Israeli Hebrew, is the language spoken in Israel and in some Jewish communities worldwide, from the early 20th century to the present....
slangSlang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered more acceptable when used socially. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to things considered taboo...
as well). This can be used formally or between friends. Children are commonly told not to mistreat other children or animals because it is 'haraam'.
Haraam also applies to ill-gotten wealth obtained through sin. Examples include money earned through cheating, stealing, corruption, murder and Interest or any means that involves harm to another human being. It is prohibited in Islam for a true Muslim to profit from such Haraam actions. Any believer who benefits from or lives off wealth obtained through Haraam is a sinnerIn religion, sin is the violation or deviation of an eternal divine law or standard. The term sin may also refer to the state of having committed such a violation. Christians believe the moral code of conduct is decreed by God In religion, sin (also called peccancy) is the violation or deviation...
.
The word also appears in Amharic, the official language of EthiopiaEthiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
. It connotes the same idea of prohibition on religious grounds, however it is used by Christians in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo ChurchThe Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is the predominant Oriental Orthodox Christian church in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Church was administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church until 1959, when it was granted its own Patriarch by Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All...
, including bans on porkPork is the culinary name for meat from the domestic pig , which is eaten in many countries. It is one of the most commonly consumed meats worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BC....
(more out of Jewish dietary laws, not Islamic).
Haraam is best known to non-Arabs by means of the related word haremHarem refers to the sphere of women in what is usually a polygynous household and their enclosed quarters which are forbidden to men...
, referring to the forbidden area of the palace where the women were quartered.
The Hebrew cognate cheremCherem , is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning, and is similar to excommunication in the Catholic Church...
refers to the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community.
Well known verses that are commonly referenced in regard to unlawful food or drinks
{{quote|He hath forbidden you only carrion, and blood, and swineflesh, and that which hath been immolated to (the name of) any other than God. But he who is driven by necessity, neither craving nor transgressing, it is no sin for him. Lo! God is Forgiving, Merciful.|{{cite quran|2|173}}}}
{{quote|How should ye not eat of that over which the name of God hath been mentioned, when He hath explained unto you that which is forbidden unto you unless ye are compelled thereto. But lo! many are led astray by their own lusts through ignorance. Lo! thy Lord, He is Best Aware of the transgressors.|{{cite quran|6|119}}}}
Fornication
{{quote|And come not near unto adultery. Lo! it is an abomination and an evil way.|{{cite quran|17|32}}}}
{{quote|Those who invoke not, with God, any other god, nor slay such life as God has made sacred except for just cause, nor commit fornication; - and any that does this (not only) meets punishment.|{{cite quran|25|68}}}}
Shirk (Idolatry)
{{quote|Say: I am forbidden to worship those on whom ye call instead of God. Say: I will not follow your desires, for then should I go astray and I should not be of the rightly guided.|{{cite quran|6|56}}}}
Hadith
{{POV|section|date=December 2007}}
The HadithThe term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
is a compilation of the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} and there are a several sayings of the Prophet that relate to unlawful acts or food in the Islam religion. Below are some sayings from the Hadith collections:
Food and prohibition of alcohol
In an incident narrated by Rafi’ bin Khadij, the Prophet told Muslims who wanted to slaughter some animals using reeds,
{{quote|Use whatever causes blood to flow, and eat the animals if the Name of Allah has been mentioned on slaughtering them... .|Bukhari}}
{{quote|Allah’s Messenger forbade the eating of the meat of beasts having fangs.|Narrated by Bukhari|Narrated Abu Thalaba}}
{{quote|The Prophet said: "Allah has forbidden alcoholic drinks. Whoever this verse reaches while they still possess any of it, they are not to drink nor to sell.".|Narrated Abi Said|Muslim}}
Fornication
Prophet Muhammad explained: "If one of you were to be stabbed in the head with a piece of iron it would be better for him than if he were to touch a woman whom it is not permissible for him to touch."
Shirk (Idolatry)
{{quote|It is reported on the authority of Ibn Mas'ood that Muhammad said: "Whoever died while supplicating another deity besides Allah, will enter the Fire."|Narrated by Bukhari}}
See also
- Glossary of Islamic terms in Arabic
- {{transl
Halal is a term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. The term is used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
- {{transl
In Islamic terminology, something which is makruh is a disliked or offensive act . Though it is not haram and therefore not a sin, a person who abstains from this action will be rewarded. Muslims are encouraged to avoid such actions when possible...
- {{transl
Sharia law, is the moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia is derived from two primary sources of Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Quran, and the example set by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Sunnah. Fiqh jurisprudence interprets and extends the application of sharia to...
- {{transl
Ahkam is a reference to the Islamic commandments, derived and understood from religious jurisprudence resources . A law, value, ordinance or ruling of Shari'ah . In order to arrive at any new legal doctrine, or hukm, one must employ a systematic methodology by which to extract meaning from the...
- Treif, the Jewish equivalent of haraam
- Kashrut
Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food in accord with halakha is termed kosher in English, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér , meaning "fit" Kashrut (also kashruth or kashrus) is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food in accord with halakha (Jewish law) is termed...
- Word of Wisdom
The "Word of Wisdom" is the common name of a section of the Doctrine and Covenants, a book considered by many churches within the Latter Day Saint movement to consist of revelations from God...
- Cherem
Cherem , is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning, and is similar to excommunication in the Catholic Church...
(linguistically related Hebrew word for "shunning")
- {{transl
The Arabic term has a meaning of "sanctuary" or "holy site" in Islam.-Etymology:The Arabic language has two separate words, and , both derived from the same triliteral Semitic root . Both of these words can mean "forbidden" and/or "sacred" in a general way, but each has also developed some...
(linguistically related Arabic word for "protected place")
- Ḥ-R-M (triconsonantal root of these words in Arabic)
- Taboo
A taboo is a strong social prohibition relating to any area of human activity or social custom that is sacred and or forbidden based on moral judgment, religious beliefs and or scientific consensus. Breaking the taboo is usually considered objectionable or abhorrent by society...
- Al-Jamia
Al-Jamia is a sacred and secret Shia text, the words of which were dictated by Muhammad to Ali, who then wrote down these words...
, Shia text which contains all the details of haraam things.
External links