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Haparanda
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Haparanda (meaning aspen + river bank) is a town in Norrbotten, northern Sweden, and the seat of Haparanda Municipality, Norrbotten County. It is adjacent to Tornio, Finland. Haparanda has a population of approximately 4,800 (and an area 3,94 km²) of out of a municipal total of 10,200 inhabitants.
Haparanda is, despite its small population, for historical reasons often still referred to as a city. Statistics Sweden, however, only counts localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as cities.
The municipality itself, on the other hand, uses the term (City of Haparanda) not only for the town itself, but for its whole territory (927 km2).
Sweden lost Finland in 1809, the border was drawn along the Rivers Tornio and Muonio.
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Encyclopedia
Haparanda (meaning aspen + river bank) is a town in Norrbotten, northern Sweden, and the seat of Haparanda Municipality, Norrbotten County. It is adjacent to Tornio, Finland. Haparanda has a population of approximately 4,800 (and an area 3,94 km²) of out of a municipal total of 10,200 inhabitants.
Haparanda is, despite its small population, for historical reasons often still referred to as a city. Statistics Sweden, however, only counts localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as cities.
The municipality itself, on the other hand, uses the term (City of Haparanda) not only for the town itself, but for its whole territory (927 km2).
History
When Sweden lost Finland in 1809, the border was drawn along the Rivers Tornio and Muonio. The town of Tornio was on the Finnish side, thus becoming part of the Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. (Finland declared independence in 1917).
The Swedes started to develop a new town and Haparanda was made a market town (köping) in 1821 and received its city charter in 1842.
The impact of the Border
The relationships between the neighbouring towns have however always been friendly. A large portion of Haparanda's population speak both Swedish and Finnish. Today the two towns are closely interconnected economically and socially; they constitute a transborder conurbation marketed as "EuroCity". As Sweden and Finland are on different time zones, the time in Haparanda is one hour behind Tornio. Since 2005, however, the cities have changed their marketing name to "Haparanda-Tornio" in Sweden, and "Tornio-Haparanda" in Finland.
Haparanda has a railway station, but it is no longer open for passenger trains. The station buildings were built to incoporate customs clearance facilities. During World War I the only open route between Russia and Germany went here. During World War II approximately 80,000 Finnish children were evacuated to Sweden. Many arrived in Sweden by rail at Haparanda. The railway building now serves as a youth center.
Gauge
The railway bridge between Haparanda and Tornio is the only direct crossing point between the Swedish and Finnish railways. The two networks have different track gauges, requiring all freight wagons crossing the border to have their bogies manually changed, or the cargo reloaded. There is dual gauge track between Haparanda and Tornio. A automatic and quicker SUW 2000 variable gauge axle track gauge changing facility is proposed.
Buildings
An IKEA department store has been opened in the town on 15 November 2006 being the northernmost IKEA store in the world. Signage in the store is in both Swedish and Finnish, but prices are labelled in Swedish kronor. Purportedly, This one IKEA store alone brings in two million visitors to this tiny town and has provided a sort of economic revival to the city. Shops in Haparanda accept euros.
Haparanda has a few interesting buildings. A fine example is the quite famous needle-shaped watertower, which was built in 1920. The tower is no longer the towns provider of water, but it is still active as a heatingcenter, providing heat for Haparandas residents. The Haparanda church, built in 1967, was made to replace the previous church in Haparanda, which was destroyed in a fire in 1964.
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