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Hantaro Nagaoka
 
 
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was a Japanese physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
 and a pioneer of Japanese physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
 in the early Meiji period
Meiji period

The , or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running, in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July 1912. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status....
.

Nagaoka was born in Omura
Omura, Nagasaki

is a cities of Japan located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of January 1, 2009, the city had an estimated population of 89,891. The total area is 126.33 km?, and includes Nagasaki Airport....
, Nagasaki Prefecture
Nagasaki Prefecture

is a Prefectures of Japan of Japan located on the island of Kyushu. The capital is the city of Nagasaki, Nagasaki....
. After receiving his Bachelors degree in physics from the University of Tokyo
University of Tokyo

The , abbreviated as , is a major research university located in Tokyo, Japan. The University has 10 faculty with a total of around 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are foreign....
 in 1887, Nagaoka pursued graduate studies in Japan, working on magnetostriction
Magnetostriction

Magnetostriction is a property of ferromagnetic materials that causes them to change their shape when subjected to a magnetic field. The effect was first identified in 1842 by James Joule when observing a sample of nickel....
 with visiting British physicist C. G. Knott
Cargill Gilston Knott

Cargill Gilston Knott was a Scotland physics and mathmatics, who was a pioneer in seismology research. He spent his early career in Japan. He later became a Fellow of the Royal Society, and Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh....
, later delivering an address on the subject before the first International Congress of Physics held by the Curies in Paris in 1900.

Between 1892 and 1896, Nagaoka studied abroad in Vienna, Berlin, and Munich, where he was particularly fascinated by Ludwig Boltzmann's course in the Kinetic Theory of Gases and Maxwell's work on the stability of Saturn's rings, two influences that would later lead to the development of his atomic model.

From 1901 to 1925, Nagaoka was a professor of physics at the University of Tokyo, where his pupils include Kotaro Honda
Kotaro Honda

Kotaro Honda was a Japanese scientist and inventor. He invented KS steel , which is a type of magnetic resistant steel that is three times more resistant than tungsten steel....
 and 1949 Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine....
 winner Hideki Yukawa
Hideki Yukawa

n? , was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese Nobel prize....
.

In 1904 he developed an early, incorrect "planetary model" of the atom
Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
 (the Saturnian model).






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was a Japanese physicist
Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many Physics#Major fields of physics spanning all length scales: from atom particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole ....
 and a pioneer of Japanese physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
 in the early Meiji period
Meiji period

The , or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running, in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July 1912. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status....
.

Nagaoka was born in Omura
Omura, Nagasaki

is a cities of Japan located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of January 1, 2009, the city had an estimated population of 89,891. The total area is 126.33 km?, and includes Nagasaki Airport....
, Nagasaki Prefecture
Nagasaki Prefecture

is a Prefectures of Japan of Japan located on the island of Kyushu. The capital is the city of Nagasaki, Nagasaki....
. After receiving his Bachelors degree in physics from the University of Tokyo
University of Tokyo

The , abbreviated as , is a major research university located in Tokyo, Japan. The University has 10 faculty with a total of around 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are foreign....
 in 1887, Nagaoka pursued graduate studies in Japan, working on magnetostriction
Magnetostriction

Magnetostriction is a property of ferromagnetic materials that causes them to change their shape when subjected to a magnetic field. The effect was first identified in 1842 by James Joule when observing a sample of nickel....
 with visiting British physicist C. G. Knott
Cargill Gilston Knott

Cargill Gilston Knott was a Scotland physics and mathmatics, who was a pioneer in seismology research. He spent his early career in Japan. He later became a Fellow of the Royal Society, and Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh....
, later delivering an address on the subject before the first International Congress of Physics held by the Curies in Paris in 1900.

Between 1892 and 1896, Nagaoka studied abroad in Vienna, Berlin, and Munich, where he was particularly fascinated by Ludwig Boltzmann's course in the Kinetic Theory of Gases and Maxwell's work on the stability of Saturn's rings, two influences that would later lead to the development of his atomic model.

From 1901 to 1925, Nagaoka was a professor of physics at the University of Tokyo, where his pupils include Kotaro Honda
Kotaro Honda

Kotaro Honda was a Japanese scientist and inventor. He invented KS steel , which is a type of magnetic resistant steel that is three times more resistant than tungsten steel....
 and 1949 Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine....
 winner Hideki Yukawa
Hideki Yukawa

n? , was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese Nobel prize....
.

In 1904 he developed an early, incorrect "planetary model" of the atom
Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
 (the Saturnian model). The model was based around an analogy to the explanation of the stability of the Saturn
Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Saturn, along with Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune, is classified as a gas giant....
 rings (the rings are stable because the planet they orbit is very, very massive). So, the model made two predictions:
  • a very massive nucleus (in analogy to a very massive planet)
  • electrons revolving around the nucleus, bound by electrostatic forces (in analogy to the rings revolving around Saturn, bound by gravitational forces).
Both predictions were successfully confirmed by Rutherford and others. However, other details of the model were incorrect and Nagaoka himself abandoned it in 1908.

He later did research in spectroscopy
Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between radiation and matter as a function of wavelength . In fact, historically, spectroscopy referred to the use of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, e.g....
 and other fields. In March 1924 he described studies in which he claimed to have successfully formed a milligram of gold and some platinum from mercury. He was president of Osaka University
Osaka University

, or , is a major national university in Osaka, Japan. It is the sixth oldest university in Japan, as the Prefectural Osaka Medical College, and formerly one of the Imperial university of Japan....
 from May 1931 to June 1934. For his lifetime of scientific work, Nagaoka was granted the Order of Culture
Order of Culture

The Order of Culture is a Japanese Order , established on February 11, 1937. The order has one class only, and may be awarded to men and women for contributions to Japanese Art, Japanese Literature or Japanese Culture; recipients of the order also receive an Annuity for life....
 by the Japanese government in 1937.

The crater Nagaoka
Nagaoka (crater)

Nagaoka is a Moon Impact crater that lies to the southeast ot the Mare Moscoviense, on the Far side of the Moon. To the east of Nagaoka is the somewhat larger Konstantinov ....
 on the Moon
Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and the List of natural satellites by diameter satellite in the Solar System. The average centre-to-centre distance from the Earth to the Moon is km, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth....
 is named after him.