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Halide

 

 
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Halide
 
 
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A halide is a binary compound
Binary compound

A binary compound is a chemical compound that contains exactly two different chemical element. Examples are NaCl , NaF , and MgO ....
, of which one part is a halogen
Halogen

|}The halogens or halogen elements are a chemical series of nonmetal chemical element from Periodic table group International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry of the periodic table, comprising fluorine, F; chlorine, Cl; bromine, Br; iodine, I; and astatine, At....
 atom
Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
  and the other part is an element
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
 or radical
Radical (chemistry)

In chemistry, radicals are atoms, molecules or ions with unpaired electrons on an otherwise open shell configuration. These unpaired electrons are usually highly chemical reaction, so radicals are likely to take part in chemical reactions....
 that is less electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride
Fluoride

Fluoride is the Redox form of fluorine. Both organic compounds and inorganic compounds containing the chemical element fluorine are considered fluorides....
, chloride
Chloride

The chloride ion is formed when the chemical element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion Cl−....
, bromide
Bromide

A bromide ion is a bromine atom with electric charge of -1.Compounds with bromine in formal oxidation state -1 are called bromides, and each individual chemical in this class can be called a bromide, as well....
, iodide
Iodide

An iodide ion is an iodine with a −1 electric charge. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. This can include ionic compounds such as caesium iodide or covalent compounds such as phosphorus triiodide....
, or astatide compound. Many salts are halides. All Group 1 metals form halides with the halogens and they are white solids.

A halide ion is a halogen atom bearing a negative charge. The halide anions are fluoride
Fluoride

Fluoride is the Redox form of fluorine. Both organic compounds and inorganic compounds containing the chemical element fluorine are considered fluorides....
 (F-), chloride
Chloride

The chloride ion is formed when the chemical element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion Cl−....
 (Cl-), bromide
Bromide

A bromide ion is a bromine atom with electric charge of -1.Compounds with bromine in formal oxidation state -1 are called bromides, and each individual chemical in this class can be called a bromide, as well....
 (Br-), iodide
Iodide

An iodide ion is an iodine with a −1 electric charge. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. This can include ionic compounds such as caesium iodide or covalent compounds such as phosphorus triiodide....
 (I-) and astatide (At-).






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A halide is a binary compound
Binary compound

A binary compound is a chemical compound that contains exactly two different chemical element. Examples are NaCl , NaF , and MgO ....
, of which one part is a halogen
Halogen

|}The halogens or halogen elements are a chemical series of nonmetal chemical element from Periodic table group International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry of the periodic table, comprising fluorine, F; chlorine, Cl; bromine, Br; iodine, I; and astatine, At....
 atom
Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
  and the other part is an element
Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
 or radical
Radical (chemistry)

In chemistry, radicals are atoms, molecules or ions with unpaired electrons on an otherwise open shell configuration. These unpaired electrons are usually highly chemical reaction, so radicals are likely to take part in chemical reactions....
 that is less electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride
Fluoride

Fluoride is the Redox form of fluorine. Both organic compounds and inorganic compounds containing the chemical element fluorine are considered fluorides....
, chloride
Chloride

The chloride ion is formed when the chemical element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion Cl−....
, bromide
Bromide

A bromide ion is a bromine atom with electric charge of -1.Compounds with bromine in formal oxidation state -1 are called bromides, and each individual chemical in this class can be called a bromide, as well....
, iodide
Iodide

An iodide ion is an iodine with a −1 electric charge. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. This can include ionic compounds such as caesium iodide or covalent compounds such as phosphorus triiodide....
, or astatide compound. Many salts are halides. All Group 1 metals form halides with the halogens and they are white solids.

A halide ion is a halogen atom bearing a negative charge. The halide anions are fluoride
Fluoride

Fluoride is the Redox form of fluorine. Both organic compounds and inorganic compounds containing the chemical element fluorine are considered fluorides....
 (F-), chloride
Chloride

The chloride ion is formed when the chemical element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion Cl−....
 (Cl-), bromide
Bromide

A bromide ion is a bromine atom with electric charge of -1.Compounds with bromine in formal oxidation state -1 are called bromides, and each individual chemical in this class can be called a bromide, as well....
 (Br-), iodide
Iodide

An iodide ion is an iodine with a −1 electric charge. Compounds with iodine in formal oxidation state −1 are called iodides. This can include ionic compounds such as caesium iodide or covalent compounds such as phosphorus triiodide....
 (I-) and astatide (At-). Such ions are present in all ionic halide salts.

Halides in organic chemistry

In organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
 halides represent a functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
. Any organic compound that contains a halogen atom can be considered a halide. Alkyl halides are organic compounds of the type R-X, containing an alkyl
Alkyl

An alkyl is a univalent Radical consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, arranged in a chain. The Alkyls form homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+1....
 group R covalently bonded to a halogen X.

Pseudohalides resemble halides in their charge and reactivity; common examples are azide
Azide

Azide is the anion with the formula N3-. It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid. N3- is a linear anion that is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide....
s NNN-, isocyanate
Isocyanate

Isocyanate is the functional group of atoms ?N=C=O , not to be confused with the cyanate functional group which is arranged as ?O?C=N....
 -NCO, Isocyanide
Isocyanide

An isocyanide is an organic compound with the functional group R-N=C. The CN functionality is connected to the organic fragment via the nitrogen atom, not via carbon as is found in the isomeric nitriles, which have the connectivity R-C=N....
, CN-, etc. (See also: pseudohalogen
Pseudohalogen

Pseudohalogens are binary inorganic Chemical compound of the general form XY, where X is a cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate etc. group and Y is any of X, or a true halogen....
.)

A chemical test
Chemical test

In chemistry, a chemical test is a qualitative or quantitative procedure designed to prove the existence of, or to quantify, a chemical compound or substituent with the aid of a specific reagent....
 for the detection of halogen in chemical substances is the Carius halogen method
Carius halogen method

The Carius halogen method in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of halogens in chemical substances .In this technique a chemical substance is oxidation with fuming nitric acid under pressure in the presence of silver nitrate at a maximum operating temperature of 230 ?C....
.

Dihalides are commonly used in the synthesis of cyclic alkanes.

Test for Halide ions


Halide compounds such as KCl, KBr and KI can be tested with silver nitrate solution, AgNO3. The halogen will react with Ag+ and form a precipitate, with colour as follow:
AgF
AGF

AGF may stand for:* AGF , a French insurance company* AGF Management Limited, a Canadian investment management company* Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista - A Fascist student organization of the National Fascist Party of Italy from the 1920s to 1945...
 - Yellowish Brown
AgCl - White
AgBr - Creamy (Pale Yellow)
AgI
AGI

AGI is a three-letter acronym that may refer to:* Antwerpse Gemologische Instelling* Aeronautical & General Instruments Limited* Advanced Graphic Imaging...
 - Yellow

Halides in lighting