Hakata-ku, Fukuoka
Encyclopedia
is one of the seven wards
Wards of Japan
A is a subdivision of one of the cities of Japan that is large enough to have been designated by government ordinance. Wards are used to subdivide each city designated by government ordinance...

 of Fukuoka
Fukuoka
Fukuoka most often refers to the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture.It can also refer to:-Locations:* Fukuoka, Gifu, a town in Gifu Prefecture, Japan* Fukuoka, Toyama, a town in Toyama Prefecture, Japan...

 City, Fukuoka Prefecture
Fukuoka Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located on Kyūshū Island. The capital is the city of Fukuoka.- History :Fukuoka Prefecture includes the former provinces of Chikugo, Chikuzen, and Buzen....

, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

. It is best known as the location of Fukuoka's main train station, Hakata Station
Hakata Station
Hakata Station , located in Hakata-ku, is the main railway terminal of the city of Fukuoka, Japan. It is the largest and busiest station on Kyūshū, and is a gateway to other cities in Kyūshū for travellers from Honshū. The Sanyō Shinkansen from Osaka ends at this station...

.

Geography

Hakata-ku is a ward of Fukuoka City located on its eastern edge. It is 31.47 km2 with a population of 206,629 (current January 1, 2009). Most of the ward is plains where the flows. The northwestern end of the ward faces Hakata Bay
Hakata Bay
Hakata Bay is a bay in the northwestern part of Fukuoka city, on the Japanese island of Kyūshū. It faces the Tsushima Strait, and features beaches and a port, though parts of the bay have been reclaimed in the expansion of the city of Fukuoka...

, which includes the ferry
Ferry
A ferry is a form of transportation, usually a boat, but sometimes a ship, used to carry primarily passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water. Most ferries operate on regular, frequent, return services...

 terminal . The northeast end of the ward is slightly elevated, and is named , with nearby Fukuoka Airport
Fukuoka Airport
, formerly known as Itazuke Air Base, is an international and domestic airport located east of Hakata Station in Fukuoka, Japan. It is officially designated a second class airport. It is operating at full capacity, and cannot be further expanded. Flights stop at 10 p.m...

. Around Hakata Station
Hakata Station
Hakata Station , located in Hakata-ku, is the main railway terminal of the city of Fukuoka, Japan. It is the largest and busiest station on Kyūshū, and is a gateway to other cities in Kyūshū for travellers from Honshū. The Sanyō Shinkansen from Osaka ends at this station...

 is downtown
Downtown
Downtown is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city's core or central business district ....

; is the red-light district
Red-light district
A red-light district is a part of an urban area where there is a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, adult theaters, etc...

 in the ward along the . Hakata-ku also houses the Fukuoka Prefectural office.

History

Formerly, Hakata was an independent city. Hakata, which was closer to the sea, housed the city's merchants. From Heian period
Heian period
The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...

 to Azuchi-Momoyama period
Azuchi-Momoyama period
The came at the end of the Warring States Period in Japan, when the political unification that preceded the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate took place. It spans the years from approximately 1573 to 1603, during which time Oda Nobunaga and his successor, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, imposed order...

, Hakata's merchants traded with Chinese, Korean, and other overseas merchants. Taira no Kiyomori
Taira no Kiyomori
was a general of the late Heian period of Japan. He established the first samurai-dominated administrative government in the history of Japan.After the death of his father Taira no Tadamori in 1153, Kiyomori assumed control of the Taira clan and ambitiously entered the political realm in which he...

 is said to have built the artificial harbor Sode-no-minato (袖の湊) to gain an increase in commerce. But Hakata city was burnt down by many wars, and Mongol invasions
Mongol invasions of Japan
The ' of 1274 and 1281 were major military efforts undertaken by Kublai Khan to conquer the Japanese islands after the submission of Goryeo to vassaldom. Despite their ultimate failure, the invasion attempts are of macrohistorical importance, because they set a limit on Mongol expansion, and rank...

.

In primary Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....

, Kuroda Nagamasa
Kuroda Nagamasa
was a daimyo of Japan. He was the son of Kuroda Kanbei.In 1577, When Nagamasa was a small child, his father was condemned as a spy by Oda Nobunaga. Nagamasa was kidnapped and nearly killed as a hostage. Takenaka Hanbei ended up rescuing him....

, appointed the lord of Chikuzen Province
Chikuzen Province
was an old province of Japan in the area that is today part of Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyūshū. It was sometimes called , with Chikugo Province. Chikuzen bordered Buzen, Bungo, Chikugo, and Hizen Provinces....

, and his samurai
Samurai
is the term for the military nobility of pre-industrial Japan. According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning to wait upon or accompany a person in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau...

 vassals dwelt on the opposite shore of Hakata on Naka River. He directed Fukuoka Castle
Fukuoka Castle
Fukuoka Castle is a Japanese castle located in Chūō-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. The castle is also known as Maizuru Castle or Seki Castle . Completed in the early Edo period for tozama daimyo Kuroda Nagamasa, it has been decreed a historic site by the Japanese government.-History:The castle lies in the...

 to be built and the castle town Fukuoka. During the Meiji period
Meiji period
The , also known as the Meiji era, is a Japanese era which extended from September 1868 through July 1912. This period represents the first half of the Empire of Japan.- Meiji Restoration and the emperor :...

, in 1889, Hakata and Fukuoka cities marged. The Fukuoka Prefectural government decided to name the combined city Fukuoka, though the population of Hakata was 25,677 and Fukuoka was 20,410. At that time, the name of Hakata vanished from the administration. At the same time a new train station was built, and it was named Hakata Station. In 1972, when Fukuoka City was granted designation status by government ordinance, a ward including the Old Hakata Area was given the name of Hakata-ku.

Economy

Many Japanese companies have established branch offices in Fukuoka City, particularly in Hakata-ku cause of its easy access to Hakata Station and Fukuoka Airport. Therefore, people on business trips often visit and stay in Hakata-ku. The headquarters of JR Kyūshū
Kyushu Railway Company
The , also referred to as , is one of the constituent companies of Japan Railways Group . It operates intercity rail services in Kyushu, Japan and the JR Kyushu Jet Ferry Beetle hydrofoil service across the Tsushima Strait between Fukuoka and Busan, South Korea.When Japan Railways was divided in...

, Best Denki
Best Denki
is a Japanese electronics retailer with outlets across Japan, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Kuwait. Best Denki headquarters is located in Fukuoka. Previously, in Singapore, it was known as "Yaohan Best", when it started operations there in 1985. After Yaohan's bankruptcy,...

, and many other companies are in the ward.

Air Next
Air Next
was a low-cost airline based on the grounds of Fukuoka Airport in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan and a wholly owned subsidiary of All Nippon Airways . It operated domestic services from its main base at Fukuoka Airport...

, a subsidiary of All Nippon Airways
All Nippon Airways
, also known as or ANA, is one of the largest airlines in Japan. It is headquartered at the Shiodome City Center in the Shiodome area in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It operates services to 49 destinations in Japan and 35 international routes and employed over 14,000 employees as of May 2009...

, is headquartered on the grounds of Fukuoka Airport
Fukuoka Airport
, formerly known as Itazuke Air Base, is an international and domestic airport located east of Hakata Station in Fukuoka, Japan. It is officially designated a second class airport. It is operating at full capacity, and cannot be further expanded. Flights stop at 10 p.m...

 in Hakata-ku. Prior to its dissolution, Harlequin Air
Harlequin Air
was an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of Fukuoka Airport in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was owned by Japan Airlines Domestic and operated domestic passenger services...

 was headquartered on the grounds of the airport in Hakata-ku.

Culture

Hakata was the traditional center for the manufacture of Hakata ningyō
Hakata ningyo
are traditional Japanese clay dolls, originally from the city of Fukuoka, part of which was previously named Hakata before the city merger in 1889.- History :...

, which are traditional Japanese dolls
Japanese traditional dolls
Japanese traditional dolls are known by the name in Japan, which literally means human shape.There are various types of Japanese dolls, some representing children and babies, some the imperial court, warriors and heroes, fairy-tale characters, gods and demons, and also people of the daily life of...

 that are famous throughout Japan. Today, almost all Hakata ningyō makers (Hakata ningyō shi) have their factories out of the Old Hakata Area, a part of modern Hakata-ku.

Hakata ori is a textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...

 used for obi
Obi (sash)
is a sash for traditional Japanese dress, keikogi worn for Japanese martial arts, and a part of kimono outfits.The obi for men's kimono is rather narrow, wide at most, but a woman's formal obi can be wide and more than long. Nowadays, a woman's wide and decorative obi does not keep the kimono...

s of kimono
Kimono
The is a Japanese traditional garment worn by men, women and children. The word "kimono", which literally means a "thing to wear" , has come to denote these full-length robes...

s. Recently Hakata ori textile is used for bags and dresses as HAKATA JAPAN brand
Brand
The American Marketing Association defines a brand as a "Name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or service as distinct from those of other sellers."...

.

It is also the home of Mentai Rock
Mentai Rock
Mentai Rock is the name given to the collection of Japanese artists who gained national popularity during the late 1970s. Continuing through the early 1980s, the collective had little in common other than their origin - the Hakata ward of Fukuoka City. The phrase, Mentai Rock, was derived from the...

, named after the popular mentaiko
Mentaiko
is the marinated roe of pollock, and is a common ingredient in Japanese cuisine. Mentaiko originated from myeongran jeot of Korean cuisine and was introduced to Japan after the Russo-Japanese War. , a Busan-born Japanese, adapted Korean mentaiko to Japanese tastes in Fukuoka in the 1950s. The name...

 dish served in the region, that spawned numerous J-pop idols during the early 1980s. Neo Mentai Rock is the name given to a recent renewal in activity from local musicians.

Hakata-ben is the local Japanese
Japanese language
is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...

 dialect
Dialect
The term dialect is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors,...

 spoken in Old Hakata Area.

Famous foods

  • Mentaiko
    Mentaiko
    is the marinated roe of pollock, and is a common ingredient in Japanese cuisine. Mentaiko originated from myeongran jeot of Korean cuisine and was introduced to Japan after the Russo-Japanese War. , a Busan-born Japanese, adapted Korean mentaiko to Japanese tastes in Fukuoka in the 1950s. The name...

  • Tonkotsu (pork bone) Ramen
    Ramen
    is a Japanese noodle dish. It consists of Chinese-style wheat noodles served in a meat- or fish-based broth, often flavored with soy sauce or miso, and uses toppings such as , , kamaboko, green onions, and occasionally corn...

    , also called simply Hakata Ramen
  • Motsunabe
    Motsunabe
    is a type of nabemono in Japanese cuisine, which is made from beef or pork offal. A hot pot is filled with soup, prepared beef or pork offal and boiled for a while; cabbage and garlic chives are added. The base soup is usually soy sauce with garlic and chili pepper, or miso...

  • Mizutaki - Nabemono
    Nabemono
    Nabemono or simply called nabe, is a term referring to all varieties of Japanese steamboat dishes, also known as one pot dishes....

     of chicken
    Chicken
    The chicken is a domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the Red Junglefowl. As one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, and with a population of more than 24 billion in 2003, there are more chickens in the world than any other species of bird...

  • Hakata Tourimon - a type of cake
  • Hakata no Hito - a type of cake

Festivals

  • Hakata Dontaku Minato Matsuri - on May 3 and 4
  • Hakata Gion Yamakasa - from July 1 to 15

Rail

  • JR West
    West Japan Railway Company
    , also referred to as , is one of the Japan Railways Group companies and operates in western Honshū. It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka.-History:...

    • Sanyō Shinkansen
      Sanyō Shinkansen
      The is a line of the Japanese Shinkansen high-speed rail network, connecting Shin-Ōsaka in Osaka with Hakata Station in Fukuoka, the two largest cities in western Japan...

      • Hakata Station
        Hakata Station
        Hakata Station , located in Hakata-ku, is the main railway terminal of the city of Fukuoka, Japan. It is the largest and busiest station on Kyūshū, and is a gateway to other cities in Kyūshū for travellers from Honshū. The Sanyō Shinkansen from Osaka ends at this station...

  • JR Kyūshū
    • Kyūshū Shinkansen
      Kyushu Shinkansen
      The ' is a Japanese high-speed railway line between the Japanese cities of Fukuoka and Kagoshima in Kyushu, running parallel to the existing Kagoshima Main Line and operated by the Kyushu Railway Company . The southern 127 km opened on 13 March 2004...

      • Hakata Station
    • Kagoshima Main Line
      Kagoshima Main Line
      The is a major railway line operated by the Kyushu Railway Company between Mojikō in Kitakyūshū, and Kagoshima Station in Kagoshima City, at the southern end of Kyushu...

      • Yoshizuka Station
        Yoshizuka Station
        is a railway station on the Kagoshima Main Line and the Sasaguri Line operated by JR Kyushu in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. is nearby....

         - Hakata Station - Takeshita Station
        Takeshita Station
        is a railway station on the Kagoshima Main Line, operated by JR Kyushu in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. The station is 80.9 km from Mojiko Station, origin of the Kagoshima Main Line. The station opened on September 21, 1913...

         - Minami-Fukuoka Station
        Minami-Fukuoka Station
        is a train station operated by Kyushu Railway Company on the Kagoshima Main Line in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka in Japan.-Platforms:- Adjacent stations :- Vicinity :*Lawson Convenience Store*Motomachi Shopping Street...

    • Sasaguri Line
      Sasaguri Line
      is a rail line in Japan. Part of the JR Kyushu, it runs from Keisen Station in Keisen, Fukuoka Prefecture to Yoshizuka Station in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture.-Track data:*Company: JR Kyushu*Distance: 25.1 km*Gauge: 1067 mm*Stations: 11*Tracks: Single...

      • Yoshizuka Station
  • Nishi-Nippon Railroad
    Nishi-Nippon Railroad
    The , also called or NNR, is one of Japan's "Big 16" private railroad companies. With headquarters in Fukuoka, it operates local and highway buses, supermarkets, real-estate and travel agencies, as well as railways in Fukuoka Prefecture. In addition, from 1950 to 1972, the company owned the Lions...

    • Tenjin Ōmuta Line
      Tenjin Omuta Line
      The is a heavy rail line in Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyūshū, Japan, being the main line of a Japanese private railway company Nishi-Nippon Railroad . The line is from Nishitetsu Fukuoka Station in Chūō-ku, Fukuoka, stretching south to Ōmuta Station in Ōmuta...

  • Fukuoka City Subway
    Fukuoka City Subway
    The serves Fukuoka, Japan. It consists of three subway lines, the Kūkō, or Airport Line, the Hakozaki Line and the Nanakuma Line).The lines are operated by the . Unlike most other public operators in Japan, the company only operates subways without any bus lines....

    • Kūkō Line
      • Nakasu-Kawabata Station
        Nakasu-Kawabata Station
        is a subway station on the Hakozaki Line and Kūkō Line located in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka in Japan.- Lines :*Fukuoka City Subway**Kūkō Line**Hakozaki Line- Platforms :- Adjacent stations :...

         - Gion Station
        Gion Station (Fukuoka)
        is a train station located in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a person in traditional clothes, representing the famous Gion Yamakasa Festival, held in July each year.-Tracks:- Adjacent stations :-Vicinity:*Canal City Hakata...

         - Hakata Station - Higashi-Hie Station
        Higashi-Hie Station
        is a train station located in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka in Japan.-Tracks:- Adjacent stations :-References:...

         - Fukuokakūkō Station
        Fukuokakuko Station
        is a Fukuoka City Subway station serving Fukuoka Airport in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The station symbol is a blue airplane and a cloud.-Lines:The station is served by the Fukuoka City Subway Kūkō Line.-Station layout:...

        (Fukuoka Airport)
    • Hakozaki Line
      • Nakasu-Kawabata Station - Gofukumachi Station
        Gofukumachi Station (Fukuoka)
        is a Fukuoka City Subway station located in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is a green trading ship from the Heian period.- Platforms :- Adjacent stations :-References:...

         - Chiyo-Kenchōguchi Station
        Chiyo-Kenchoguchi Station
        is a subway station on the Fukuoka City Subway Hakozaki Line in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka in Japan. Its station symbol is the face of Ebisu in violet.- Platforms :- Adjacent stations :-Vicinity:*Fukuoka Prefectural Government...


Harbor

  • Bayside place Hakata Futoh (Hakata Pier)
  • Chūō Wharf (Central Wharf) - international ferry Beetle
    Beetle (JR Kyushu)
    is a hydrofoil ferry service operated by JR Kyushu Jet Ferry, a division of Kyushu Railway Company.The ferry travels between Fukuoka, Japan and Busan, South Korea.-External links:* *...

     and Kobee
    Kobee
    Kobee is a South Korean jet hydrofoil ferry line that operates services between Busan, South Korea and Fukuoka, Japan. Miraejet operates the ferry line.-See also:...

     and New Camellia

Commerce

  • Canal City Hakata
    Canal City Hakata
    Canal City Hakata is a large shopping and entertainment complex in Fukuoka, Japan. Called the "city within the city," it boasts numerous attractions including shops; cafes; restaurants; a theater; game center; cinemas; two hotels; and a canal, which runs through the complex.Located adjacent to...

    • Grand Hyatt
      Hyatt
      Hyatt Hotels Corporation , is an international operator of hotels.Hyatt Center is the headquarters for Hyatt corporation...

       Fukuoka
  • Hakata Riverain
    • Hakata-za
      Hakata-za
      The is a kabuki theatre in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was originally constructed in 1996....

    • Hotel Ōkura Fukuoka
      Okura Hotels
      is a chain of hotels mainly located in Japan. The original Hotel Okura opened in Tokyo in 1962. The Okura Hotels & Resorts worldwide chain now includes Okura Hotels in Amsterdam, Guam, and Japan, and the Halekulani and Waikiki Parc hotels in Hawaii...


Culture

  • Level-5 stadium
    Level-5 Stadium
    Level-5 Stadium , located in the Hakata ward of Fukuoka city is the home ground of Avispa Fukuoka football club....

     (Hakata no mori Stadium)
  • Fukuoka Convention Center - Marine Messe Fukuoka, Fukuoka International Congress Center, Fukuoka Kokusai Center
  • Hakata Civic Center, Hakata Library
  • Hakata South Library
  • Nakasu
    Nakasu
    is the red-light district which exists between the sandbank of the and the in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is named after a popular, but very short-lived, entertainment quarter of Edo, which existed in the late 18th century...

  • Rakusui-en
    Rakusui-en
    is a garden in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It was originally built in 1906 for Shimozawa Zenemon Chikamasa, a Hakata merchant. In 1995, Fukuoka City overhauled the structure and reopened it as a Japanese garden where visitors can experience a tea ceremony; with four tea rooms it is often used for...


Religion

  • Shinto
    Shinto
    or Shintoism, also kami-no-michi, is the indigenous spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. It is a set of practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present day Japan and its ancient past. Shinto practices were first recorded and codified in the written...

    • Kushida Shrine
      Kushida-jinja (Fukuoka)
      is a Shinto shrine located in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. Dedicated to Amaterasu and Susanoo, it is said to have been founded in 757. The Hakata Gion Yamakasa festival is centred on the shrine.-See also:*List of Shinto shrines*Hakata Gion Yamakasa*Matsuri...

    • Sumiyoshi Shrine
    • Tōka Ebisu Shrine
  • Buddhism
    Buddhism
    Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...

    • Shōfuku Temple
      Shofuku-ji (Fukuoka)
      is a Rinzai temple in Hakata, Fukuoka, Japan. Its honorary sangō prefix is . It was founded by Eisai with support from Minamoto no Yoritomo, and construction was completed in 1195, making it the oldest Zen temple in Japan.- References :...

    • Tōchō Temple
      Tōchō-ji
      is a Shingon temple in Hakata, Fukuoka, Japan. Its honorary sangō prefix is . It was founded by Kūkai with support from Tadayuki Kuroda, the secound lord of Fukuoka province, and construction was completed in 806, making it the oldest Shingon temple in Kyushu....

    • Jōten Temple
    • Sōfuku Temple
      Sōfuku-ji (Fukuoka)
      is a Rinzai temple in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. Its honorary sangō prefix is . The temple originated in Dazaifu in 1241, but was moved to its present location in 1600 after it became the Kuroda family temple.-External links:*...

  • Christianity
    Christianity
    Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...

    • Fukuoka Korean Christian Church, Chiyo
    • Hakata New Life Church,
    • Hikarigaoka (Hill of light) Catholic
      Catholic
      The word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"...

       Church http://www.omijapankorea.net/en/history/history2.html
    • Japan Evangelical Lutheran church, Sasaki machi
    • Japan Baptist
      Baptist
      Baptists comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers , and that it must be done by immersion...

      Church, Aoki

External links

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