Hadley Richardson
Encyclopedia
Elizabeth Hadley Richardson (November 9, 1891 – January 22, 1979) married writer Ernest Hemingway
in 1921. She was born the youngest daughter to a St. Louis family. After Hadley fell out of a window as a child, her mother became overprotective and curtailed her activities from then on. As a young adult, Hadley nursed her mother during an illness that led to her death; a few months later she met Ernest Hemingway. They were married after a courtship of less than a year.
The couple moved to Paris
within months of being married. In Paris, Hemingway pursued a writing career, and with him Hadley met other expatriate
British and American writers. The two traveled throughout Europe. Their son, John Nicanor Hemingway
, was born in Toronto in 1923.
In 1925 Hadley learned Hemingway was involved with another woman, Pauline Pfeiffer
, and she divorced him the following year. In 1933 Hadley married a second time, to journalist Paul Mowrer, whom she met in Paris.
, the youngest of four children. Hadley's mother, Florence (née Wyman), was an accomplished musician and singer, and her father, James Richardson, Jr., worked for a family pharmaceutical company. While a child, Hadley fell out of a second-story window and consequently was bed-ridden for a year. After the accident, her mother became overly protective, not allowing Hadley to learn how to swim or engage in other physical activities. Hadley's father was less protective, but in 1903 he committed suicide
in response to financial difficulties. As a teenager Hadley became painfully shy and reclusive. She attended Mary Institute in St. Louis and then attended college at Bryn Mawr. However, when her mother decided Hadley was "too delicate, both physically and emotionally," she left college. The death of her sister Dorothea (who sustained burns from a housefire) earlier that year may have also contributed to Hadley's decision to leave college. Hemingway scholar Jamie Barlowe believes Hadley represented a "True Woman" as opposed to a "New Woman" of the early 19th century. The "True Woman" was "emotional, dependent, gentle—a true follower."
After her return from college, Hadley lived a restricted life—her sister and her mother continued to worry about her health—with little opportunity for physical activity or much of a social life. Her mother did allow Hadley to visit her former Bryn Mawr roommate Katy Smith in Vermont
one summer. While visiting her friend, she enjoyed playing tennis and she met Maxfield Parrish
but when her mother became worried over her well-being, she was forced to return home. While her mother became reclusive and immersed herself in spiritualism
, Hadley spent some years attempting to attain a career as a pianist
until she abandoned music, believing she lacked talent. When her mother developed Bright's Disease
, Hadley nursed her until her death.
) in Chicago and through her met Hemingway, who was living with Smith's brother and employed as an associate editor of the monthly journal Cooperative Commonwealth.Meyers pp 56-59. When Hadley returned to St. Louis, Hemingway, who became infatuated with her, wrote "I knew she was the girl I was going to marry". Hadley was red-haired, with a "nurturing instinct", and eight years older than Hemingway. Bernice Kert, author of The Hemingway Women claims Hadley was "evocative" of the woman with whom Hemingway met and fell in love with during his recuperation from injuries during World War I, Agnes von Kurowsky
, but in Hadley Hemingway saw a childishness Agnes lacked.
During the winter of 1921 Hadley took up her music again and indulged in outdoor activities. She and Hemingway corresponded during the winter. When she expressed misgivings about their age difference he "protested that it made no difference at all." Hemingway visited her in St. Louis in March and two weeks later she visited him in Chicago. They did not see each other for two months until he returned to St. Louis in May. In their correspondence she promised to buy him a Corona typewriter
for his birthday. In June she announced her engagement, despite objections to the marriage from his friends and her sister. Hadley believed she knew what she was doing and, more importantly, she had an inheritance with which to support herself and a husband. She believed in Hemingway's talent and believed "she was right for him."
They were married on September 3, 1921, in Horton Bay
, Michigan and spent their honeymoon at the Hemingway family summer cottage on Walloon Lake
; however, the weather was miserable and both Hadley and Hemingway came down with fever, sore throat, and cough. After the honeymoon the couple returned to Chicago where they lived in a small apartment on North Dearborn Street.
Initially they intended to visit Rome
, but Sherwood Anderson
convinced them to visit Paris instead. The recent death of an uncle gave Hadley another inheritance and additional financial independence for the couple. Anderson's advice to live in Paris interested her and, when two months later Hemingway was hired as foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star
, the couple left for Paris. Of Hemingway's marriage to Hadley, Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers claims: "With Hadley, Hemingway achieved everything he had hoped for with Agnes: the love of a beautiful woman, a comfortable income, a life in Europe."
at 74 Rue du Cardinal Lemoine in the Latin Quarter and he worked in a rented room in a nearby building. That winter he discovered a bookshop (Shakespeare and Company
) run by American expatriate
Sylvia Beach that also functioned as a lending library; Hadley asked whether the bookshop carried any of James Joyce
's works, which she liked. Beach published Joyce's Ulysses
and the Hemingways met Joyce there in March 1922.
Hemingway decided to use Anderson's letters of introduction and that spring Ezra Pound
invited him and Hadley for tea. They were also invited to Gertrude Stein
's salon and she in turn visited the young couple in their apartment. That spring Hadley and Hemingway travelled to Italy
and in the summer to Germany
. Hadley travelled alone to Geneva
in December 1922 to meet Hemingway who was covering a Peace Conference
. It was during this trip that Hadley lost a suitcase filled with Hemingway's manuscripts at the Gare de Lyon
. He was devastated at the loss and blamed her.
A few months later, when they learned Hadley was pregnant, the couple decided to soon move to Toronto
. That spring the couple went for the first time to watch the bullfighting and the running of the bulls at the Festival of San Fermín
in Pamplona
, after which they returned to Canada. Their son John Hadley Nicanor Hemingway
was born on October 10, 1923. He was named for his mother, Hadley, and for the young Spanish matador
Nicanor Villalta. The baby was healthy and the birth quick; Hemingway missed it, as he had been sent to New York on assignment. Hadley nicknamed the infant "Bumby".
In Toronto the family lived in a small apartment on Bathurst Street with "wall space enough to hang their collection of paintings". Hadley called the assignments given to her husband at the Toronto Star
"absurd". Hemingway missed the life in Paris, considered Toronto boring, and wanted to return to Paris to the life of a writer rather than live the life of a Toronto journalist.
The three returned to Paris in January 1924 and moved into a new apartment on Rue Notre Dame des Champs. Hadley hired a woman to help with housework and with Bumby and borrowed a pram
to take the baby on walks in the Luxembourg Gardens
. Bumby's christening was held at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in March with "Chink" Dorman-Smith
and Gertrude Stein as godparents. A few months later, mismanagement of her funds left Hadley with a financial loss and Hemingway started work as an editor for the Transatlantic Review. In June they left Bumby in Paris to attend the fiesta in Pamplona, and that winter they went for the first time to Austria
to vacation in Schruns
.
Sometime after their return to Paris, Hemingway met the Pfeiffer sisters and in June of 1925 Hemingway and Hadley left Paris for their annual visit to Pamplona—the third year they had done so—accompanied by a group of American and British expatriates. The trip inspired Hemingway's first novel, The Sun Also Rises
, which he began to write immediately after the fiesta, finishing it in September. In November, as a birthday present to her, Hemingway bought Joan Miró
's painting The Farm.
. Hemingway returned with Pfeiffer to Paris, leaving Hadley with Bumby in Austria
. While Hadley was in Austria, Hemingway sailed to New York then returned to Paris in March, at which time he may have begun his affair with Pauline. In the spring of 1926, Hadley became aware of the affair although she endured Pauline's presence in Pamplona that July. On their return to Paris, Hadley and Hemingway decided to separate and Hadley formally requested a divorce in the fall. By November they had split their possessions and Hadley accepted Hemingway's offer of the royalties
from The Sun Also Rises. The couple divorced in January 1927 and Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer in May.
. Hadley met him in the spring of 1927 shortly after her divorce from Hemingway. A journalist and political writer, Mowrer received a Pulitzer Prize
for his work as a foreign correspondent in 1929. On July 3, 1933, after a five-year courtship, Hadley and Paul Mowrer were married in London
. Hadley was especially grateful to Paul's warm relationship with Bumby. Soon after the marriage, they moved to a suburb of Chicago
, where they were living during World War II
and she continued to receive royalties from The Sun Also Rises. When a film was made of The Sun Also Rises
in 1957, the profits went to her.
captures the years Hadley and Hemingway lived in Paris during the early to mid-1920s. The memoir was not published until 1964, three years after Hemingway's death. In the memoir, Hemingway writes about his marriage to Hadley and their life together in Paris in the early to mid 1920s.
In 2011 a book entitled The Paris Wife: A Novel by Paula McLain was published, telling the entire story of Hadley Richardson's relationship with Hemingway in "her voice." Although declared as a work of fiction, the narrative was faithful to the facts as known.
Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. His economic and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the...
in 1921. She was born the youngest daughter to a St. Louis family. After Hadley fell out of a window as a child, her mother became overprotective and curtailed her activities from then on. As a young adult, Hadley nursed her mother during an illness that led to her death; a few months later she met Ernest Hemingway. They were married after a courtship of less than a year.
The couple moved to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
within months of being married. In Paris, Hemingway pursued a writing career, and with him Hadley met other expatriate
Expatriate
An expatriate is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing...
British and American writers. The two traveled throughout Europe. Their son, John Nicanor Hemingway
Jack Hemingway
John "Jack" Hadley Nicanor Hemingway was an American writer and conservationist. He was born in Toronto, Canada, the only child of American writer Ernest Hemingway's marriage to his first wife Hadley Richardson. He would later gain two half-brothers from Hemingway's second marriage to Pauline...
, was born in Toronto in 1923.
In 1925 Hadley learned Hemingway was involved with another woman, Pauline Pfeiffer
Pauline Pfeiffer
Pauline Marie Pfeiffer was the second wife of the writer Ernest Hemingway. She was born in Parkersburg, Iowa, on July 22, 1895, moving to St. Louis in 1901 where she went to school at Visitation Academy of St. Louis...
, and she divorced him the following year. In 1933 Hadley married a second time, to journalist Paul Mowrer, whom she met in Paris.
Early life
Elizabeth "Hadley" Richardson was born on November 9, 1891, in St. Louis, MissouriMissouri
Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...
, the youngest of four children. Hadley's mother, Florence (née Wyman), was an accomplished musician and singer, and her father, James Richardson, Jr., worked for a family pharmaceutical company. While a child, Hadley fell out of a second-story window and consequently was bed-ridden for a year. After the accident, her mother became overly protective, not allowing Hadley to learn how to swim or engage in other physical activities. Hadley's father was less protective, but in 1903 he committed suicide
Suicide
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Suicide is often committed out of despair or attributed to some underlying mental disorder, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcoholism, or drug abuse...
in response to financial difficulties. As a teenager Hadley became painfully shy and reclusive. She attended Mary Institute in St. Louis and then attended college at Bryn Mawr. However, when her mother decided Hadley was "too delicate, both physically and emotionally," she left college. The death of her sister Dorothea (who sustained burns from a housefire) earlier that year may have also contributed to Hadley's decision to leave college. Hemingway scholar Jamie Barlowe believes Hadley represented a "True Woman" as opposed to a "New Woman" of the early 19th century. The "True Woman" was "emotional, dependent, gentle—a true follower."
After her return from college, Hadley lived a restricted life—her sister and her mother continued to worry about her health—with little opportunity for physical activity or much of a social life. Her mother did allow Hadley to visit her former Bryn Mawr roommate Katy Smith in Vermont
Vermont
Vermont is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state ranks 43rd in land area, , and 45th in total area. Its population according to the 2010 census, 630,337, is the second smallest in the country, larger only than Wyoming. It is the only New England...
one summer. While visiting her friend, she enjoyed playing tennis and she met Maxfield Parrish
Maxfield Parrish
Maxfield Parrish was an American painter and illustrator active in the first half of the twentieth century. He is known for his distinctive saturated hues and idealized neo-classical imagery.-Life:...
but when her mother became worried over her well-being, she was forced to return home. While her mother became reclusive and immersed herself in spiritualism
Spiritualism
Spiritualism is a belief system or religion, postulating the belief that spirits of the dead residing in the spirit world have both the ability and the inclination to communicate with the living...
, Hadley spent some years attempting to attain a career as a pianist
Pianist
A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...
until she abandoned music, believing she lacked talent. When her mother developed Bright's Disease
Bright's disease
Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. The term is no longer used, as diseases are now classified according to their more fully understood causes....
, Hadley nursed her until her death.
Ernest Hemingway
Shortly after her mother's death, in December 1920, Hadley visited her old roommate Katie Smith (who would later marry John Dos PassosJohn Dos Passos
John Roderigo Dos Passos was an American novelist and artist.-Early life:Born in Chicago, Illinois, Dos Passos was the illegitimate son of John Randolph Dos Passos , a distinguished lawyer of Madeiran Portuguese descent, and Lucy Addison Sprigg Madison of Petersburg, Virginia. The elder Dos Passos...
) in Chicago and through her met Hemingway, who was living with Smith's brother and employed as an associate editor of the monthly journal Cooperative Commonwealth.Meyers pp 56-59. When Hadley returned to St. Louis, Hemingway, who became infatuated with her, wrote "I knew she was the girl I was going to marry". Hadley was red-haired, with a "nurturing instinct", and eight years older than Hemingway. Bernice Kert, author of The Hemingway Women claims Hadley was "evocative" of the woman with whom Hemingway met and fell in love with during his recuperation from injuries during World War I, Agnes von Kurowsky
Agnes von Kurowsky
Agnes von Kurowsky Stanfield , an American nurse, was reportedly the basis for the character of "Catherine Barkley" in Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms....
, but in Hadley Hemingway saw a childishness Agnes lacked.
During the winter of 1921 Hadley took up her music again and indulged in outdoor activities. She and Hemingway corresponded during the winter. When she expressed misgivings about their age difference he "protested that it made no difference at all." Hemingway visited her in St. Louis in March and two weeks later she visited him in Chicago. They did not see each other for two months until he returned to St. Louis in May. In their correspondence she promised to buy him a Corona typewriter
Typewriter
A typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical device with keys that, when pressed, cause characters to be printed on a medium, usually paper. Typically one character is printed per keypress, and the machine prints the characters by making ink impressions of type elements similar to the pieces...
for his birthday. In June she announced her engagement, despite objections to the marriage from his friends and her sister. Hadley believed she knew what she was doing and, more importantly, she had an inheritance with which to support herself and a husband. She believed in Hemingway's talent and believed "she was right for him."
They were married on September 3, 1921, in Horton Bay
Bay Township, Michigan
Bay Township is a civil township of Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the township population was 1,068. Bay Township's central village, Horton Bay, was featured in several of Hemingway's Nick Adams stories including "The End of Something".-Geography:According...
, Michigan and spent their honeymoon at the Hemingway family summer cottage on Walloon Lake
Walloon Lake
Walloon Lake is a glacier-formed lake and the headwater for the Bear River located in Charlevoix and Emmet counties in Northern Michigan. It is now home to many vacation homes and cottages.-History:...
; however, the weather was miserable and both Hadley and Hemingway came down with fever, sore throat, and cough. After the honeymoon the couple returned to Chicago where they lived in a small apartment on North Dearborn Street.
Initially they intended to visit Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, but Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson
Sherwood Anderson was an American novelist and short story writer. His most enduring work is the short story sequence Winesburg, Ohio. Writers he has influenced include Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, J. D. Salinger, and Amos Oz.-Early life:Anderson was born in Clyde, Ohio,...
convinced them to visit Paris instead. The recent death of an uncle gave Hadley another inheritance and additional financial independence for the couple. Anderson's advice to live in Paris interested her and, when two months later Hemingway was hired as foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star
Toronto Star
The Toronto Star is Canada's highest-circulation newspaper, based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario...
, the couple left for Paris. Of Hemingway's marriage to Hadley, Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers claims: "With Hadley, Hemingway achieved everything he had hoped for with Agnes: the love of a beautiful woman, a comfortable income, a life in Europe."
Paris
Hadley and Hemingway lived in a small walk-upApartment
An apartment or flat is a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building...
at 74 Rue du Cardinal Lemoine in the Latin Quarter and he worked in a rented room in a nearby building. That winter he discovered a bookshop (Shakespeare and Company
Shakespeare and Company
Shakespeare and Company or Shakespeare & Company may refer to:*Shakespeare and Company , an English-language bookshop in Paris, France; hosts the annual Shakespeare & Company Literary Festival in June....
) run by American expatriate
Expatriate
An expatriate is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing...
Sylvia Beach that also functioned as a lending library; Hadley asked whether the bookshop carried any of James Joyce
James Joyce
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century...
's works, which she liked. Beach published Joyce's Ulysses
Ulysses (novel)
Ulysses is a novel by the Irish author James Joyce. It was first serialised in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on 2 February 1922, in Paris. One of the most important works of Modernist literature,...
and the Hemingways met Joyce there in March 1922.
Hemingway decided to use Anderson's letters of introduction and that spring Ezra Pound
Ezra Pound
Ezra Weston Loomis Pound was an American expatriate poet and critic and a major figure in the early modernist movement in poetry...
invited him and Hadley for tea. They were also invited to Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein was an American writer, poet and art collector who spent most of her life in France.-Early life:...
's salon and she in turn visited the young couple in their apartment. That spring Hadley and Hemingway travelled to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
and in the summer to Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. Hadley travelled alone to Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
in December 1922 to meet Hemingway who was covering a Peace Conference
Peace conference
A peace conference is a diplomatic meeting where representatives of certain states, armies, or other warring parties converge to end hostilities and sign a peace treaty....
. It was during this trip that Hadley lost a suitcase filled with Hemingway's manuscripts at the Gare de Lyon
Paris-Gare de Lyon
Paris Lyon is one of the six large railway termini in Paris, France. It is the northern terminus of the Paris–Marseille railway. It is named after the city of Lyon, a stop for many long-distance trains departing here, most en route to the south of France. In general the station's SNCF services run...
. He was devastated at the loss and blamed her.
A few months later, when they learned Hadley was pregnant, the couple decided to soon move to Toronto
Toronto
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...
. That spring the couple went for the first time to watch the bullfighting and the running of the bulls at the Festival of San Fermín
San Fermín
The festival of San Fermín in the city of Pamplona , is a deeply rooted celebration held annually from 12:00, 6 July, when the opening of the fiesta is marked by setting off the pyrotechnic chupinazo, to midnight 14 July, with the singing of the Pobre de Mí...
in Pamplona
Pamplona
Pamplona is the historial capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former kingdom of Navarre.The city is famous worldwide for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls is one of the main attractions...
, after which they returned to Canada. Their son John Hadley Nicanor Hemingway
Jack Hemingway
John "Jack" Hadley Nicanor Hemingway was an American writer and conservationist. He was born in Toronto, Canada, the only child of American writer Ernest Hemingway's marriage to his first wife Hadley Richardson. He would later gain two half-brothers from Hemingway's second marriage to Pauline...
was born on October 10, 1923. He was named for his mother, Hadley, and for the young Spanish matador
Matador
A torero or toureiro is a bullfighter and the main performer in bullfighting, practised in Spain, Colombia, Portugal, Mexico, France and various other countries influenced by Spanish culture. In Spanish, the word torero describes any of the performers who actively participate in the bullfight...
Nicanor Villalta. The baby was healthy and the birth quick; Hemingway missed it, as he had been sent to New York on assignment. Hadley nicknamed the infant "Bumby".
In Toronto the family lived in a small apartment on Bathurst Street with "wall space enough to hang their collection of paintings". Hadley called the assignments given to her husband at the Toronto Star
Toronto Star
The Toronto Star is Canada's highest-circulation newspaper, based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario...
"absurd". Hemingway missed the life in Paris, considered Toronto boring, and wanted to return to Paris to the life of a writer rather than live the life of a Toronto journalist.
The three returned to Paris in January 1924 and moved into a new apartment on Rue Notre Dame des Champs. Hadley hired a woman to help with housework and with Bumby and borrowed a pram
Baby transport
Baby transport consists of devices for transporting and carrying infants. A "child carrier" or "baby carrier" is a device used to carry an infant or small child on the body of an adult...
to take the baby on walks in the Luxembourg Gardens
Jardin du Luxembourg
The Jardin du Luxembourg, or the Luxembourg Gardens, is the second largest public park in Paris The Jardin du Luxembourg, or the Luxembourg Gardens, is the second largest public park in Paris The Jardin du Luxembourg, or the Luxembourg Gardens, is the second largest public park in Paris (224,500 m²...
. Bumby's christening was held at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in March with "Chink" Dorman-Smith
Eric Dorman-Smith
Eric Edward Dorman-Smith , later de-Anglicised to Eric Edward Dorman O'Gowan, was a British Army soldier who served with distinction in World War I, and then seems to have become something of a bête noire to the British military establishment because of his lively mind, and unorthodox...
and Gertrude Stein as godparents. A few months later, mismanagement of her funds left Hadley with a financial loss and Hemingway started work as an editor for the Transatlantic Review. In June they left Bumby in Paris to attend the fiesta in Pamplona, and that winter they went for the first time to Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
to vacation in Schruns
Schruns
Schruns is the main village of the Montafon valley in Vorarlberg, Austria, in the Bludenz district.In the west, one can see one of the most popular hiking and climbing mountains in Vorarlberg, the Zimba, which is called the "Vorarlberger Matterhorn"....
.
Sometime after their return to Paris, Hemingway met the Pfeiffer sisters and in June of 1925 Hemingway and Hadley left Paris for their annual visit to Pamplona—the third year they had done so—accompanied by a group of American and British expatriates. The trip inspired Hemingway's first novel, The Sun Also Rises
The Sun Also Rises
The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel written by American author Ernest Hemingway about a group of American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights. An early and enduring modernist novel, it received...
, which he began to write immediately after the fiesta, finishing it in September. In November, as a birthday present to her, Hemingway bought Joan Miró
Joan Miró
Joan Miró i Ferrà was a Spanish Catalan painter, sculptor, and ceramicist born in Barcelona.Earning international acclaim, his work has been interpreted as Surrealism, a sandbox for the subconscious mind, a re-creation of the childlike, and a manifestation of Catalan pride...
's painting The Farm.
Divorce
Hadley's marriage disintegrated as Hemingway was writing and revising The Sun Also Rises, although he dedicated the novel to "Hadley and ... John Hadley Nicanor". For the second year, they went to Schruns for Christmas, but that year they were joined by Pauline PfeifferPauline Pfeiffer
Pauline Marie Pfeiffer was the second wife of the writer Ernest Hemingway. She was born in Parkersburg, Iowa, on July 22, 1895, moving to St. Louis in 1901 where she went to school at Visitation Academy of St. Louis...
. Hemingway returned with Pfeiffer to Paris, leaving Hadley with Bumby in Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
. While Hadley was in Austria, Hemingway sailed to New York then returned to Paris in March, at which time he may have begun his affair with Pauline. In the spring of 1926, Hadley became aware of the affair although she endured Pauline's presence in Pamplona that July. On their return to Paris, Hadley and Hemingway decided to separate and Hadley formally requested a divorce in the fall. By November they had split their possessions and Hadley accepted Hemingway's offer of the royalties
Royalties
Royalties are usage-based payments made by one party to another for the right to ongoing use of an asset, sometimes an intellectual property...
from The Sun Also Rises. The couple divorced in January 1927 and Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer in May.
Paul Mowrer
After the divorce, Hadley stayed in France until 1934. Among her many friends in Paris was Paul Mowrer, foreign journalist for the Chicago Daily NewsChicago Daily News
The Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois.-History:The Daily News was founded by Melville E. Stone, Percy Meggy, and William Dougherty in 1875 and began publishing early the next year...
. Hadley met him in the spring of 1927 shortly after her divorce from Hemingway. A journalist and political writer, Mowrer received a Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prize is a U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature and musical composition. It was established by American publisher Joseph Pulitzer and is administered by Columbia University in New York City...
for his work as a foreign correspondent in 1929. On July 3, 1933, after a five-year courtship, Hadley and Paul Mowrer were married in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. Hadley was especially grateful to Paul's warm relationship with Bumby. Soon after the marriage, they moved to a suburb of Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
, where they were living during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
and she continued to receive royalties from The Sun Also Rises. When a film was made of The Sun Also Rises
The Sun Also Rises (1957 film)
The Sun Also Rises is a 1957 film adaptation of the Ernest Hemingway novel of the same name, with the screenplay written by Peter Viertel. It starred Tyrone Power, Ava Gardner, Mel Ferrer and Errol Flynn. Much of it was filmed on location in France and Spain in Cinemascope and color by Deluxe...
in 1957, the profits went to her.
A Moveable Feast
Hemingway's memoir A Moveable FeastA Moveable Feast
A Moveable Feast is a set of memoirs by American author Ernest Hemingway about his years in Paris as part of the American expatriate circle of writers in the 1920s. The book describes Hemingway's apprenticeship as a young writer in Europe during the 1920s with his first wife, Hadley...
captures the years Hadley and Hemingway lived in Paris during the early to mid-1920s. The memoir was not published until 1964, three years after Hemingway's death. In the memoir, Hemingway writes about his marriage to Hadley and their life together in Paris in the early to mid 1920s.
Later years
After they separated and divorced in Paris, Hadley only saw her first husband once again—she and Mowrer ran into him while vacationing in Wyoming. She lived to be 87, and a 1992 book is devoted to her life. However, when she left her marriage to Hemingway, she left behind the publicity. She died on January 22, 1979 in Lakeland, Florida.In 2011 a book entitled The Paris Wife: A Novel by Paula McLain was published, telling the entire story of Hadley Richardson's relationship with Hemingway in "her voice." Although declared as a work of fiction, the narrative was faithful to the facts as known.