Hadiya Zone
Encyclopedia
Hadiya is a Zone in the Ethiopia
n Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). This zone is named after the Hadiya of the Hadiya
kingdom, whose homeland covers part of the administrative division. Hadiya is bordered on the south by Kembata Tembaro (KT), on the west by the Omo River
which separates it from Oromia Region
and the Yem Special Woreda
, on the north by Gurage
, on the northeast by Silte, and on the east by the Alaba special woreda; the woreda
of Badawacho
is an exclave separated from the rest of the zone by KT. The administrative center of Hadiya is Hosaena
.
Hadiya has 294 kilometers of all-weather roads and 350 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 169 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. According to the Central Statistical Agency
(CSA) 8,364.00 tons of coffee were produced in Gurage, Hadiya and KT combined in the year ending in 2005, representing 8.33% of the SNNPR's output and 3.36% of Ethiopia's total output.
, 666 of their members in the Hadiya Zone were arrested prior to the 2000 general elections
, all of whom were charged with the same four counts: incitement against the government; incitement not to pay taxes and fertilizer loans; cutting government-owned forest; and illegal use of grazing lands. At year's end, 104 members remained in zonal prisons in Hosana and Durame
; government officials reported a lower number.
Due to widespread protests over the handling of the election in Hadiya, elections in seven constituencies were re-run on 25 June of that year, which involved several teams of diplomatic observers, and polling stations were staffed by National Election Board of Ethiopia
coordinators from the capital (due to mistrust of local officials), which resulted with the opposition party (Hadiya National Democratic Organization, HNDO) winning six of seven of the races. However, in a press conference held by Dr. Beyene Petros
in the following month, he accused local cadres of the ruling party of avenging their electorial losses, telling drought victims in Hadiya, who asked for assistance, to go "ask Beyene". Hadiya informants reported intimidation and harassment of HNDO members by cadres of the ruling party in the aftermath of the election, to show that they were still in control of the kebele and woreda structures.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this Zone of 1,050,151, of whom 521,807 were men and 528,344 women; 67,705 or 6.45% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Hadiya were the Hadiya (78.16%), the Silte (10.13%), the Kambaata
(2.22%), the Soddo
Gurage (1.8%), and the Amhara
(1.63%); all other ethnic groups made up 6.06% of the population. Hadiya
is spoken as a first language by 79.6%, 10.13% Silte, 3.2% spoke Kambaata
, 2.65% spoke Amharic
, and 1% spoke Soddo Gurage
; the remaining 3.42% spoke all other primary languages reported. 46.81% of the population said they were Protestants
, 22.23% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 22.14% were Muslim
, 5.38% Catholic
, and 1.46% observed traditional religions.
According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank
memorandum, 6% of the inhabitants of Hadiya have access to electricity, this zone has a road density of 104.1 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers (compared to the national average of 30 kilometers), the average rural household has 0.6 hectare of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectare of land and an average of 0.89 for the SNNPR) the equivalent of 0.6 heads of livestock. 22.8% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and a Regional average of 32%. 74% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 21% in secondary schools. 43% of the zone is exposed to malaria
, and 59 % to Tsetse fly
. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 318.
Ethiopia
Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
n Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR). This zone is named after the Hadiya of the Hadiya
Hadiya
The Hadiya Kingdom was an ancient kingdom in located in southwestern Ethiopia, south of the Abbay River and west of Shewa. It was ruled by the Hadiya people, who spoke the Cushitic Hadiyya language. The historical Hadiya area was situated between Kembata, Gamo, and Waj, southwest of Shewa...
kingdom, whose homeland covers part of the administrative division. Hadiya is bordered on the south by Kembata Tembaro (KT), on the west by the Omo River
Omo River
The Omo River is an important river of southern Ethiopia. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia, and empties into Lake Turkana on the border with Kenya...
which separates it from Oromia Region
Oromia Region
Oromia is one of the nine ethnic divisions of Ethiopia...
and the Yem Special Woreda
Yem special woreda
Yem is one of the 79 woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region of Ethiopia. Because Yem is not part of any Zone in the SNNPR, it is considered a Special woreda, an administrative subdivision which is similar to an autonomous area. Yem is named for the Yem, or Janjero,...
, on the north by Gurage
Gurage Zone
Gurage is a Zone in the Ethiopian Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region . This zone is named for the Gurage people, whose homeland lies in this zone. Gurage is bordered on the south by Hadiya on the west north and east by the Oromia Region, and on the southeast by Silte. Its highest...
, on the northeast by Silte, and on the east by the Alaba special woreda; the woreda
Woreda
Woreda is an administrative division of Ethiopia , equivalent to a district . Woredas are composed of a number of Kebele, or neighborhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia...
of Badawacho
Badawacho
Badawacho is one of the 77 woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. A triangle-shaped exclave of the Hadiya Zone, Badawacho is bordered on the south by the Wolayita Zone, on the west and north by the Kembata Tembaro Zone, and on the east by the Bilate River...
is an exclave separated from the rest of the zone by KT. The administrative center of Hadiya is Hosaena
Hosaena
Hosaena is a town in southern Ethiopia, and the administrative center of the Hadiya Zone...
.
Hadiya has 294 kilometers of all-weather roads and 350 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 169 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers. According to the Central Statistical Agency
Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)
The Central Statistical Agency is an agency of the government of Ethiopia designated to provide all surveys and censuses for that country used to monitor economic and social growth, as well as to act as an official training center in that field. It is part of the Ethiopian Ministry of Finance and...
(CSA) 8,364.00 tons of coffee were produced in Gurage, Hadiya and KT combined in the year ending in 2005, representing 8.33% of the SNNPR's output and 3.36% of Ethiopia's total output.
2000 general elections
According to the leadership of the Southern Ethiopia Peoples' Democratic CoalitionSouthern Ethiopia Peoples' Democratic Coalition
The Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition is a political party in Ethiopia. At the last legislative elections held on 15 May 2005, the Coalition was part of the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces that won 52 out of 527 seats in the Council of People's Representatives .It was founded in...
, 666 of their members in the Hadiya Zone were arrested prior to the 2000 general elections
Ethiopian general election, 2000
Ethiopia held general elections on 14 May and 31 August 2000, for seats in both its national and in several Regional government councils. although several opposition parties boycotted the election, 17 parties including the All-Amhara People's Organization, the Southern Ethiopia Peoples' Democratic...
, all of whom were charged with the same four counts: incitement against the government; incitement not to pay taxes and fertilizer loans; cutting government-owned forest; and illegal use of grazing lands. At year's end, 104 members remained in zonal prisons in Hosana and Durame
Durame
Durame is a town in southeastern Ethiopia. The administrative center of the Kembata Tembaro Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region , this town has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 2101 meters above sea level...
; government officials reported a lower number.
Due to widespread protests over the handling of the election in Hadiya, elections in seven constituencies were re-run on 25 June of that year, which involved several teams of diplomatic observers, and polling stations were staffed by National Election Board of Ethiopia
National Election Board of Ethiopia
The National Election Board of Ethiopia is an autonomous government agency which supervises the national elections of Ethiopia. The NEBE was established by Proclamation number 64/1992, and answers to the House of Peoples' Representatives....
coordinators from the capital (due to mistrust of local officials), which resulted with the opposition party (Hadiya National Democratic Organization, HNDO) winning six of seven of the races. However, in a press conference held by Dr. Beyene Petros
Beyene Petros
Professor Beyene Petros Lodamo is a professor at Addis Ababa University and a member of the Ethiopian House of People's Representatives, representing an electoral district in Badawacho of Hadiya Zone....
in the following month, he accused local cadres of the ruling party of avenging their electorial losses, telling drought victims in Hadiya, who asked for assistance, to go "ask Beyene". Hadiya informants reported intimidation and harassment of HNDO members by cadres of the ruling party in the aftermath of the election, to show that they were still in control of the kebele and woreda structures.
Demographics
Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the CSA, this Zone has a total population of 1,231,196, of whom 612,026 are men and 619,170 women; with an area of 3,593.31 square kilometers, Hadiya has a population density of 342.64. While 134,041 or 10.89% are urban inhabitants, a further 157 individuals are pastoralists. A total of 231,846 households were counted in this Zone, which results in an average of 5.31 persons to a household, and 223,403 housing units.The 1994 national census reported a total population for this Zone of 1,050,151, of whom 521,807 were men and 528,344 women; 67,705 or 6.45% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Hadiya were the Hadiya (78.16%), the Silte (10.13%), the Kambaata
Kambaata
Kambaata is the name of the people who speak the Kambaata language. It was a province of Ethiopia beginning in the early 15th century and ending in the mid-17th century before Ethiopian rule was once again established under Emperor Menelek II...
(2.22%), the Soddo
Soddo language
Soddo is a Gurage language spoken by about 300,000 people in southeastern Ethiopia...
Gurage (1.8%), and the Amhara
Amhara people
Amhara are a highland people inhabiting the Northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Numbering about 19.8 million people, they comprise 26% of the country's population, according to the 2007 national census...
(1.63%); all other ethnic groups made up 6.06% of the population. Hadiya
Hadiya language
Hadiyya is the Afro-Asiatic language of the Hadiya people of Ethiopia. Most speakers live in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region in the Hadiya Zone around the town Hosaena....
is spoken as a first language by 79.6%, 10.13% Silte, 3.2% spoke Kambaata
Kambaata language
Kambaata is a Highland East Cushitic language, part of the larger Afro-Asiatic family and spoken by the Kambaata. Dialects are Donga, Kambaata and Tambaro. It is one of the official languages of Ethiopia. The language has a large number of verbal affixes. When these are affixed to verbal roots,...
, 2.65% spoke Amharic
Amharic language
Amharic is a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia. It is the second most-spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic, and the official working language of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Thus, it has official status and is used nationwide. Amharic is also the official or working...
, and 1% spoke Soddo Gurage
Soddo language
Soddo is a Gurage language spoken by about 300,000 people in southeastern Ethiopia...
; the remaining 3.42% spoke all other primary languages reported. 46.81% of the population said they were Protestants
P'ent'ay
P'ent'ay or Pentay is a slang term widely used in modern Ethiopia, and among Ethiopians living abroad, to describe Ethiopian Christians who are not members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo, Ethiopian Orthodox Tehadeso, Roman Catholic or Ethiopian Catholic churches...
, 22.23% practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, 22.14% were Muslim
Islam in Ethiopia
According to the latest 2007 national census, Islam is the second most widely practised religion in Ethiopia after Christianity, with over 25 million of Ethiopians adhering to Islam according to the 2007 national census, having arrived in Ethiopia in 615...
, 5.38% Catholic
Roman Catholicism in Ethiopia
The Catholic Church in Ethiopia is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.The Ethiopian Catholic Church, the primary organization of Catholicism in the country, is especially close to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, whose doctrine and...
, and 1.46% observed traditional religions.
According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes.The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty...
memorandum, 6% of the inhabitants of Hadiya have access to electricity, this zone has a road density of 104.1 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers (compared to the national average of 30 kilometers), the average rural household has 0.6 hectare of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectare of land and an average of 0.89 for the SNNPR) the equivalent of 0.6 heads of livestock. 22.8% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and a Regional average of 32%. 74% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 21% in secondary schools. 43% of the zone is exposed to malaria
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by eukaryotic protists of the genus Plasmodium. The disease results from the multiplication of Plasmodium parasites within red blood cells, causing symptoms that typically include fever and headache, in severe cases...
, and 59 % to Tsetse fly
Tsetse fly
Tsetse , sometimes spelled tzetze and also known as tik-tik flies, are large biting flies that inhabit much of mid-continental Africa between the Sahara and the Kalahari deserts. They live by feeding on the blood of vertebrate animals and are the primary biological vectors of trypanosomes, which...
. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 318.