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Hán T?
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Hán t? (; ??, meaning "Chinese character") or ch? Nho (; ??, literally "script of Confucian scholars") is the Vietnamese term for Chinese characters, which was used to write classical Chinese, in contrast to ch? Nôm, which was used to write the Vietnamese language.
In imperial Vietnam, formal writings were, in most cases, done in classical Chinese, while Vietnamese was only used for recording literature. These writings are indistinguishable from those classical Chinese works produced in China, Korea, or Japan.
The readings of Hán t?, like Kanji and Hanja, reflect that of Middle Chinese, and provide valuable data for the study of historical Chinese phonology.
The use of classical Chinese, and its written form, Hán t?, died out in Vietnam during the 20th century, after the French colonization and Vietnamese independence.
A system of modified and invented characters modeled loosely on Chinese characters called ch? Nôm, which, unlike the system of Hán t?, allowed for the expression of purely Vietnamese words, was created in Vietnam at least as early as the 13th century.
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Encyclopedia
Hán t? (; ??, meaning "Chinese character") or ch? Nho (; ??, literally "script of Confucian scholars") is the Vietnamese term for Chinese characters, which was used to write classical Chinese, in contrast to ch? Nôm, which was used to write the Vietnamese language.
In imperial Vietnam, formal writings were, in most cases, done in classical Chinese, while Vietnamese was only used for recording literature. These writings are indistinguishable from those classical Chinese works produced in China, Korea, or Japan.
The readings of Hán t?, like Kanji and Hanja, reflect that of Middle Chinese, and provide valuable data for the study of historical Chinese phonology.
The use of classical Chinese, and its written form, Hán t?, died out in Vietnam during the 20th century, after the French colonization and Vietnamese independence.
A system of modified and invented characters modeled loosely on Chinese characters called ch? Nôm, which, unlike the system of Hán t?, allowed for the expression of purely Vietnamese words, was created in Vietnam at least as early as the 13th century. While designed for native Vietnamese speakers, it required the user to already know Chinese characters, and thus ch? Nôm was used primarily for literary writings by cultural elites (such as the poetry of Nguy?n Du and H? Xuân Huong), while all other official writings and documents continued to be written in Hán t? until the 20th century.
External links
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- , Chinese-to-Vietnamese transliteration
See also
- Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary
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