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Guanosine diphosphate

 

 
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Guanosine diphosphate
 
 
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Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleotide
Nucleotide

Nucleotides are molecules that comprise the structural units of RNA and DNA. Additionally, nucleotides play central roles in metabolism. In that capacity, they serve as sources of chemical energy , participate in cell signaling , and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions ....
. It is an ester
Ester

An ester is an often Aroma compound organic chemistry or partially organic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol or aromatic alcohol with the elimination of water....
 of pyrophosphoric acid
Pyrophosphoric acid

Pyrophosphoric acid, also known under the name diphosphoric acid, is a syrupy liquid or a viscous off-white solid. Pyrophosphoric acid is colorless, odorless, hygroscopic and is soluble in water , diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol....
 with the nucleoside
Nucleoside

Nucleosides are glycosylamines consisting of a nucleobase bound to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Examples of these include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine....
 guanosine
Guanosine

Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose ring via a ?-N9-glycosidic bond.Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP , cGMP , GDP and GTP ....
. GDP consists of the pyrophosphate
Pyrophosphate

In chemistry, the anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. Pyrophosphates were originally prepared by heating phosphates: the prefix pyro- derived from Greek, means "fire" in this context....
 group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
, the pentose
Pentose

A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms.They either have an aldehyde functional group in position 1 , or a ketone functional group in position 2 ....
 sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
 ribose
Ribose

Ribose, primarily occurring as D-ribose, is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature. It is an aldopentose, that is a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms that, in its acyclic form, has an aldehyde functional group at one end....
, and the nucleobase
Nucleobase

Nucleobases are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing . The main ones are cytosine, guanine, adenine , thymine and uracil , abbreviated as C, G, A, T, and U, respectively....
 guanine
Guanine

Guanine is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil. In DNA, guanine is paired with cytosine....
.

GDP is the product of GTP
Guanosine triphosphate

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate is a purine nucleotide. One role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription . Its structure is similar to that of the guanine nucleoside, the only difference being that there are three phosphate groups attached to the 5' carbon....
 dephosphorylation
Dephosphorylation

Dephosphorylation is the essential process of removing phosphate groups from an organic compound by hydrolysis. Its opposite is phosphorylation....
 by GTPase
GTPase

GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolysis Guanosine triphosphate. The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly Conservation G domain common to all GTPases....
s, e.g. the G-proteins that are involved in signal transduction
Signal transduction

In biology, 'signal transduction' refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. Most processes of signal transduction involve ordered sequences of biochemistry chemical reaction inside the cell, which are carried out by enzymes, activated by Second messenger systems, resulting in a signal tran...
.

Biologically GDP is converted into GTP with the help of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate








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Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleotide
Nucleotide

Nucleotides are molecules that comprise the structural units of RNA and DNA. Additionally, nucleotides play central roles in metabolism. In that capacity, they serve as sources of chemical energy , participate in cell signaling , and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions ....
. It is an ester
Ester

An ester is an often Aroma compound organic chemistry or partially organic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol or aromatic alcohol with the elimination of water....
 of pyrophosphoric acid
Pyrophosphoric acid

Pyrophosphoric acid, also known under the name diphosphoric acid, is a syrupy liquid or a viscous off-white solid. Pyrophosphoric acid is colorless, odorless, hygroscopic and is soluble in water , diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol....
 with the nucleoside
Nucleoside

Nucleosides are glycosylamines consisting of a nucleobase bound to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Examples of these include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine....
 guanosine
Guanosine

Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose ring via a ?-N9-glycosidic bond.Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP , cGMP , GDP and GTP ....
. GDP consists of the pyrophosphate
Pyrophosphate

In chemistry, the anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. Pyrophosphates were originally prepared by heating phosphates: the prefix pyro- derived from Greek, means "fire" in this context....
 group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
, the pentose
Pentose

A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms.They either have an aldehyde functional group in position 1 , or a ketone functional group in position 2 ....
 sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
 ribose
Ribose

Ribose, primarily occurring as D-ribose, is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature. It is an aldopentose, that is a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms that, in its acyclic form, has an aldehyde functional group at one end....
, and the nucleobase
Nucleobase

Nucleobases are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing . The main ones are cytosine, guanine, adenine , thymine and uracil , abbreviated as C, G, A, T, and U, respectively....
 guanine
Guanine

Guanine is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil. In DNA, guanine is paired with cytosine....
.

GDP is the product of GTP
Guanosine triphosphate

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate is a purine nucleotide. One role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription . Its structure is similar to that of the guanine nucleoside, the only difference being that there are three phosphate groups attached to the 5' carbon....
 dephosphorylation
Dephosphorylation

Dephosphorylation is the essential process of removing phosphate groups from an organic compound by hydrolysis. Its opposite is phosphorylation....
 by GTPase
GTPase

GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolysis Guanosine triphosphate. The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly Conservation G domain common to all GTPases....
s, e.g. the G-proteins that are involved in signal transduction
Signal transduction

In biology, 'signal transduction' refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. Most processes of signal transduction involve ordered sequences of biochemistry chemical reaction inside the cell, which are carried out by enzymes, activated by Second messenger systems, resulting in a signal tran...
.

Biologically GDP is converted into GTP with the help of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate

See also


  • Nucleoside
    Nucleoside

    Nucleosides are glycosylamines consisting of a nucleobase bound to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar. Examples of these include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine and inosine....
  • Nucleotide
    Nucleotide

    Nucleotides are molecules that comprise the structural units of RNA and DNA. Additionally, nucleotides play central roles in metabolism. In that capacity, they serve as sources of chemical energy , participate in cell signaling , and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions ....
  • DNA
    DNA

    Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetics instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses....
  • RNA
    RNA

    Ribonucleic acid is a type of molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a nucleobase, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate....
  • Oligonucleotide
    Oligonucleotide

    An oligonucleotide is a short nucleic acid polymer, typically with twenty or fewer nucleotide. Although they can be formed by bond cleavage of longer segments, they are now more commonly synthesized by polymerizing individual nucleotide precursors....
  • Guanosine triphosphate
    Guanosine triphosphate

    Guanosine-5'-triphosphate is a purine nucleotide. One role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription . Its structure is similar to that of the guanine nucleoside, the only difference being that there are three phosphate groups attached to the 5' carbon....


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