Growth hormone receptor
Encyclopedia
Growth hormone receptor is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the GHR gene
. GHR orthologs have been identified in most mammals.
with SGTA
, PTPN11
, Janus kinase 2
, Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
and CISH
.
phylogenetic marker. The exon 10 has first been experienced to explore the phylogeny of the major groups of Rodentia.
GHR has also proven useful at lower taxonomic levels, e.g., in octodontoid, arvicoline, muroid, murine, and peromyscine rodents, in arctoid and felid carnivores, and in dermopterans.
Note that the GHR intron 9 has also been used to investigate the mustelid and hyaenid carnivores phylogenetics.
(trade name Somavert) are used in the treatment of acromegaly
. They are used if the tumor of the pituitary gland
causing the acromegaly cannot be controlled with surgery or radiation, and the use of somatostatin
analogues is unsuccessful. Pegvisomant is delivered as a powder that is mixed with water and injected under the skin
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the GHR gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
. GHR orthologs have been identified in most mammals.
Interactions
Growth hormone receptor has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with SGTA
SGTA
Small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SGTA gene. SGTA orthologs have also been identified in several mammals for which complete genome data are available....
, PTPN11
PTPN11
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPN11 gene. PTPN11 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2.PTPN11 is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase ...
, Janus kinase 2
Janus kinase 2
Janus kinase 2 is a human protein that has been implicated in signaling by members of the type II cytokine receptor family , the GM-CSF receptor family , the gp130 receptor family , and the single chain receptors...
, Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS1 gene. SOCS1 orthologs have been identified in several mammals for which complete genome data are available.-Interactions:...
and CISH
CISH
Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CISH gene. CISH orthologs have been identified in most mammals with sequenced genomes...
.
Evolution
The GHR gene is used in animals as a nuclear DNANuclear DNA
Nuclear DNA, nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid , is DNA contained within a nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. In mammals and vertebrates, nuclear DNA encodes more of the genome than the mitochondrial DNA and is composed of information inherited from two parents, one male, and one female, rather than...
phylogenetic marker. The exon 10 has first been experienced to explore the phylogeny of the major groups of Rodentia.
GHR has also proven useful at lower taxonomic levels, e.g., in octodontoid, arvicoline, muroid, murine, and peromyscine rodents, in arctoid and felid carnivores, and in dermopterans.
Note that the GHR intron 9 has also been used to investigate the mustelid and hyaenid carnivores phylogenetics.
Antagonists
Growth hormone receptor antagonists such as pegvisomantPegvisomant
Pegvisomant is a growth hormone receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acromegaly. It is used if the tumor of the pituitary gland causing the acromegaly cannot be controlled with surgery or radiation, and the use of somatostatin analogues is unsuccessful...
(trade name Somavert) are used in the treatment of acromegaly
Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty...
. They are used if the tumor of the pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g , in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity covered by a dural fold...
causing the acromegaly cannot be controlled with surgery or radiation, and the use of somatostatin
Somatostatin
Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones.Somatostatin...
analogues is unsuccessful. Pegvisomant is delivered as a powder that is mixed with water and injected under the skin
Subcutaneous injection
A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the...
.