All Topics  
Grand Duchy of Baden

 

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Grand Duchy of Baden
 
 
  Topics Grand Duchy of Baden Topic Home

The Grand Duchy of Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
, on the right bank of the Rhine
Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
. It existed between 1806 and 1918.

lass="link1" onMouseover='showByLink("m7953493",this)' onMouseout='hide("m7953493")'href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Baden">Baden
Baden

Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine River in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-W?rttemberg of Germany....
 came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently split into different lines, which were unified in 1771.

In 1803 Baden was raised to Electoral dignity within the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
.

Baden became the much-enlarged Grand Duchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
 in 1806.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Grand Duchy of Baden'
Start a new discussion about 'Grand Duchy of Baden'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


The Grand Duchy of Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
, on the right bank of the Rhine
Rhine

File:Swiss Grand Canyon.jpgThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at , with an average discharge of more than ....
. It existed between 1806 and 1918.

History

Baden
Baden

Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine River in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-W?rttemberg of Germany....
 came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently split into different lines, which were unified in 1771.

In 1803 Baden was raised to Electoral dignity within the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
.

Baden became the much-enlarged Grand Duchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
 in 1806. In 1815 it joined the German Confederation
German Confederation

The German Confederation was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to the Holy Roman Empire, which had been abolished in 1806....
.

During the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
Revolutions of 1848 in the German states

"Germany" at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 states loosely bound together in the German Confederation. As nationalist sentiment crystallized into resistance to the traditional political structure, repeated calls for freedom, democracy and national unity came to threaten the status quo....
, Baden was a center of revolutionist activities. In 1849 it was the only German state that became a republic for a short while. Finally the revolution in Baden was suppressed mainly by Prussian troops.

The Grand Duchy of Baden remained a sovereign country until it joined the German Empire
German Empire

The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
 in 1871.

After the revolution of 1918 Baden became part of the Weimar Republic
Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic was the democracy and republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Following World War I, the republic emerged from the German Revolution in November 1918....
 as the Republic of Baden
Republic of Baden

The Republic of Baden was a state of Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic, formed after the abolition of the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1918....
.

Constitution and Government


The Grand Duchy of Baden was a hereditary monarchy
Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which supreme power is absolutely or nominally lodged in an individual, who is the head of state, often for Life tenure or until abdication, and "is wholly set apart from all other members of the state." The person who heads a monarchy is called a monarch....
 with executive power vested in the Grand Duke while the legislative authority was shared by him with a representative assembly
Representative assembly

A representative assembly is a political institution in which a number of persons representing the population or privileged orders within the population of a state come together to debate, negotiate with the executive and legislate....
 (Landtag
Landtag

A Landtag is a representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority.The German word "Landtag" is composed of the words Land which names a political entity comparable to a federal state and the word Tag....
) consisting of two chambers.

The upper chamber included all the princes of the ruling family of full age, the heads of all the mediatized families, the Archbishop of Freiburg, the president of the Protestant Evangelical Church, a deputy from each of the universities and the technical high school, eight members elected by the territorial nobility for four years, three representatives elected by the chamber of commerce
Chamber of commerce

A chamber of commerce is a form of business network. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of the business community....
, two by that of agriculture, one by the trades, two mayors of municipalities, and eight members (two of them legal functionaries) nominated by the Grand Duke.

The lower chamber consisted of 73 popular representatives, of whom 24 were elected by the burgesses of certain communities, and 49 by rural communities. Every citizen of 25 years of age, who had not been convicted and was not a pauper, had a vote. The elections were, however, indirect. The citizens selected the Wahlmδnner (deputy elector
Indirect election

Indirect election is a process in which voters in an election don't actually choose between candidates for an office but rather elect persons who will then make the choice....
s), the latter selecting the representatives. The chambers met at least every two years. The lower chambers were elected for four years, half the members retiring every two years.

The executive consisted of four departments: The interior, foreign and grand-ducal affairs, finance, and justice, and ecclesiastical affairs and education.

The chief sources of revenue were direct and indirect taxes
Tax

To tax is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon an individual or Legal person by a state or the functional equivalent of a state.Taxes are also imposed by many subnational entity....
, the railways and domains. The railways were operated by the state, and formed the only source of major public debt, about 22 million pounds sterling.

The supreme courts lay in Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe is a city in the south west of Germany, in the States of Germany Baden-W?rttemberg, located near the France-German border.Founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, the surrounding town became the seat of two of the highest courts in Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany whose decisions have the force of a law, and the...
, Freiburg
Freiburg

Freiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany, in the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest. It straddles the Dreisam river, on the foothills of the Schlossberg....
, Offenburg
Offenburg

Offenburg is a city located in the state of Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany. With over 50,000 inhabitants, it is the largest city, and also the capital of the Ortenaukreis....
, Heidelberg
Heidelberg

Heidelberg is a city in Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany. As of 2006, over 140,000 people live within the city's area. The town of Heidelberg is an administrative district of its own....
, Mosbach
Mosbach

Mosbach is the capital of the Neckar-Odenwald district in the north of Baden-W?rttemberg, Germany, about 58 km east of Heidelberg. Its geographical position is 49.21'N 9.9'E....
, Waldshut
Waldshut-Tiengen

Waldshut-Tiengen is a city in southwestern Baden-W?rttemberg right at the Switzerland border. It is the district seat and at the same time the biggest city in Waldshut district and a "middle centre" in the area of the "high centre" L?rrach/Weil am Rhein to whose middle area most towns and communities in Waldshut district belong ....
, Konstanz
Konstanz

Konstanz is a University of Konstanz town of around 80,000 inhabitants at the western end of Lake Constance in the south-west corner of Germany, bordering Switzerland....
, and Mannheim
Mannheim

Mannheim is a city in Germany. With 327,318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-W?rttemberg after the capital Stuttgart....
, whence appeals passed to the Reichsgericht
Reichsgericht

The Reichsgericht was the highest court of the Deutsches Reich. It was established on October 1, 1879 when the Reichsjustizgesetze came into effect, building a widely regarded body of jurisprudence....
 (the supreme tribunal) in Leipzig
Leipzig

Leipzig is, with a population of over 511,252, the largest city in the States of Germany of Saxony, Germany....
.

Grand Dukes of Baden

  • 1806–1811: Charles Frederick (* 1728; † 1811)
  • 1811–1818: Charles
    Karl, Grand Duke of Baden

    Karl Ludwig Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden became ruler of Baden on June 10, 1811 and ruled until his death.His father was Karl Ludwig of Baden, the heir apparent to the Margraviate of Baden, which was raised to a grand duchy after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806....
     (* 1786; † 1818)
  • 1818–1830: Louis I (* 1763; † 1830)
  • 1830–1852: Leopold
    Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden

    Leopold I, Grand Duke of Baden succeeded in 1830 as the fourth Grand Duchy of Baden.Although a younger child, Leopold was the first son of Margrave Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden by his second wife Luise Karoline, Freiin Geyer von Geyersberg....
     (* 1790; † 1852)
  • 1852–1858: Louis II (* 1824; † 1858)
  • 1858–1907: Frederick I (* 1826; † 1907), (since 1852 Regent, since 1856 with the title Grand Duke)
  • 1907–1918: Frederick II (* 1857; † 1928)


Minister of state 1809–1918

  • 1809–1810: Sigismund von Reitzenstein
  • 1810–1810: Conrad Karl Friedrich von Andlau-Birseck
  • 1810–1812: Christian Heinrich Gayling von Altheim
  • 1812–1817: Karl Christian von Berckheim
  • 1817–1818: Sigismund von Reitzenstein
  • 1818–1831: Wilhelm Ludwig Leopold Reinhard von Berstett
  • 1832–1833: Sigismund von Reitzenstein
  • 1833–1838: Ludwig Georg von Winter
  • 1838–1839: Karl Friedrich Nebenius
  • 1839–1843: Friedrich Landolin Karl von Blittersdorf
  • 1843–1845: Christian Friedrich von Boeckh
  • 1845–1846: Karl Friedrich Nebenius
  • 1846–1848: Johann Baptist Bekk
  • 1848–1849: Karl Georg Hoffmann
  • 1849–1856: Friedrich Adolf Klόber
  • 1856–1860: Franz von Stengel
  • 1861–1866: Anton von Stabel
  • 1866–1868: Karl Mathy
    Karl Mathy

    Karl Mathy , was a Grand Duchy of Baden statesman.He was born at Mannheim. He studied law and politics at Heidelberg, and entered the Baden government department of finance in 1829....
  • 1868–1876: Julius Jolly
    Julius Jolly

    Professor Julius Jolly was a Germany scholar and translator of Indian law and medicine.Jolly was born in Heidelberg, the son of physicist Philipp Johann Gustav von Jolly , and studied comparative linguistics, Sanskrit, and Iranian languages in Berlin and Leipzig....
  • 1876–1893: Ludwig Karl Friedrich Turban
  • 1893–1901: Franz Wilhelm Nokk
  • 1901–1905: Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Arthur von Brauer
  • 1905–1917: Alexander von Dusch
  • 1917–1918: Heinrich von Bodman


See also

  • Baden
    Baden

    Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine River in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-W?rttemberg of Germany....
  • History of Baden
    History of Baden

    The history of Baden as a state began in the 12th century, as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. A fairly inconsequential margraviate that was divided between various branches of its ruling family for much of its history, it gained both status and territory during the Napoleonic era, when it was also raised to a grand duchy....
  • List of rulers of Baden
    List of rulers of Baden

    Baden was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and later one of the Germany states along the frontier with France primarily consisting of territory along the right bank of the Rhine opposite Alsace and the Electoral Palatinate....
  • Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
    Revolutions of 1848 in the German states

    "Germany" at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 states loosely bound together in the German Confederation. As nationalist sentiment crystallized into resistance to the traditional political structure, repeated calls for freedom, democracy and national unity came to threaten the status quo....
  • Republic of Baden
    Republic of Baden

    The Republic of Baden was a state of Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic, formed after the abolition of the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1918....