Government of Romania
Encyclopedia
The Government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...

 of Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...

forms one half of the country's executive branch (the other half being the President
President of Romania
The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term . An individual may serve two terms...

). It is headed by the Prime-Minister
Prime Minister of Romania
The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...

, and consists of the Ministries, various subordinated institutions and agencies, and the 42 Prefectures
Prefect (Romania)
A prefect in Romania represents the Government in each of the country's 41 counties, as well as the Municipality of Bucharest.-Attributes:The main attributes of prefects are defined at Article 123 of the Constitution of Romania:...

. The seat of the Romanian Government is at Victoria Palace
Victoria Palace
Victoria Palace is a palace in Victory Square, Bucharest, built in 1937, which is the headquarters of the Prime Minister of Romania and his cabinet.-See also:*Government of Romania...

 in Bucharest
Bucharest
Bucharest is the capital municipality, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River....

.

Investiture

The procedure of investing a new Government is initiated by the President, who designates a candidate to the office of Prime Minister after consulting the party which holds a majority of seats in Parliament. If no such majority exists, the President consults all the parties represented in Parliament. Once nominated, the candidate establishes a list of members and a government platform
Government platform
A government platform is a political platform of a government. A new government, when entering office, lists their objectives to be accomplished while in office....

; this is to be done in 10 days. The 10-day interval is not a strict deadline, rather it represents the time period deemed optimal to establish a competent legal Government. The expiry of this interval allows the President to revoke the candidate and designate a new one, though this is not mandatory.

Once the candidate has formed a list and a program, he can ask for the Parliament's vote of confidence. The Parliament debates upon the matter in joint sitting, and can only reject proposals twice in a span of 60 days. If Parliament fails to approve a candidate within this time period, the President gains the right to dissolve
Dissolution of parliament
In parliamentary systems, a dissolution of parliament is the dispersal of a legislature at the call of an election.Usually there is a maximum length of a legislature, and a dissolution must happen before the maximum time...

 it.

Should the Parliament grant its vote of confidence, the proposed political platform becomes official, and the full list of Government must be confirmed by the President. The Government is then sworn in and begins its term.

Structure

The Constitution of Romania
Constitution of Romania
The 1991 Constitution of Romania, adopted on 21 November 1991, voted in the referendum of 8 December 1991 and introduced on the same day, is the current fundamental law that establishes the structure of the government of Romania, the rights and obligations of the country's citizens, and its mode...

 provides for two basic types of members, namely ministers (miniştri) and the Prime Minister (primul-ministru). The statute of additional members is established by organic law
Organic law
An organic or fundamental law is a law or system of laws which forms the foundation of a government, corporation or other organization's body of rules. A constitution is a particular form of organic law for a sovereign state....

. Current legislation establishes the positions of deputy prime minister
Deputy Prime Minister
A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some counties, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, but is significantly different, though both...

 (viceprim-ministru), state minister (ministru de stat) and ministers delegated with special tasks (miniştri delegaţi cu însărcinări speciale). "State minister" is a senior position, the holder of which coordinates the activity of various ministries under the direction of the Prime Minister.

The Prime Minister is the leader of Government and coordinates its activity. The working apparatus of the Government consists of the Prime-Minister's office, the General Secretariat of the Government and other departments and structures established through Government Decisions.

The Prime Minister's office itself consists of the Prime Minister's Cabinet, the body of his state-secretaries and state-counselors, and the Prime Minister's Registry.

Role

The role of the Government is sanctioned by the Constitution and by relevant laws. The Government exercises "general leadership of the public administration
Public administration
Public Administration houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its "fundamental goal.....

"
, elaborates strategies to implement the government platform, exercises legislative initiative
Legislative initiative
The right of initiative is the constitutionally defined power to propose a new law .The right of initiative is usually attributed to parliaments, which in most countries have the right to make law proposals, alone or sharing this right with the government.In parliamentary systems it is common that...

, negotiates international treaties, represents the Romanian state both internally and externally, names prefects and presents information and documents to the Chambers of Parliament as requested.

Relations with the Parliament

The Government answers exclusively to Parliament
Parliament of Romania
The Parliament of Romania is made up of two chambers:*The Chamber of Deputies*The SenatePrior to the modifications of the Constitution in 2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses...

, both through compulsory information of Parliament and through questions, interpellations
Interpellation (politics)
Interpellation is the formal right of a parliament to submit formal questions to the government. In many parliaments, each individual member of parliament has the right to formally submit questions to a member of government. The respective minister or secretary is then required to respond and to...

 and inquiry committees. A Chamber of Parliament (Chamber of Deputies
Chamber of Deputies of Romania
The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 315 seats, to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms...

 or Senate
Senate of Romania
The Senate of Romania is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania. It has 137 seats , to which members are elected by direct popular vote, using Mixed member proportional representation in 42 electoral districts , to serve four-year terms.-Former location:After the Romanian...

) may carry a simple motion with regards to the subject matter of an interpellation. In extreme cases, the Parliament may vote a motion of censure, withdrawing its confidence and forcing the Government to resign.

Through a special habilitation law, the Government may be enabled to issue ordinances
Decree
A decree is a rule of law issued by a head of state , according to certain procedures . It has the force of law...

 (ordonanţe), which have the same legal force as ordinary laws. Ordinances are a form of legislative delegation, and may require approval in Parliament if the habilitation law states so. In extraordinary situations, in which regulation cannot be postponed, the Government may issue emergency ordinances (ordonanţe de urgenţă), which do not require habilitation laws but must be subjected to approval in Parliament before coming into force.

The Cabinet

Ministry Position Incumbent Image In office since
Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Romania
The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...

Emil Boc
Emil Boc
Emil Boc is the Prime Minister of Romania, having served since December 2008. In June 2004, he was elected Mayor of Cluj-Napoca, the largest city in Transylvania. Boc is also the president of the Democratic Liberal Party, who designated him as Prime Minister in 2008. On October 13, 2009, his...

22 December 2008
Deputy Prime Minister Béla Markó
Béla Markó
Béla Markó is a Romanian politician and writer of Hungarian ethnicity. The former leader of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania , he is also the Deputy Premier in the Emil Boc government ; he had also been Minister of State in the Tăriceanu cabinet between 2004 and 2007, in charge of...

23 December 2009
Ministry of Administration and Interior Minister of Administration and Interior Traian Igaș 27 September 2010
Ministry of Public Finance
Ministry of Public Finance (Romania)
The Ministry of Public Finance of Romania is one of the fifteen ministries of the Government of Romania.The minister's seat is currently held by the Democratic Liberal Party's Gheorghe Ialomiţeanu.The following agencies are subordinated to the Minister:...

Minister of Public Finance Gheorghe Ialomițeanu 3 September 2010
Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Minister of Transport and Infrastructure Anca Boagiu
Anca Boagiu
Anca-Daniela Boagiu is a Romanian engineer and politician. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party , she was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest from 2000 to 2008 and has sat in the Romanian Senate, also for Bucharest, since 2008...

2 September 2010
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister of Foreign Affairs Teodor Baconschi
Teodor Baconschi
Teodor Baconschi , is a Romanian politician. He is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania since December 2009.-Early years:Baconschi was born in Bucharest to the poet Anatol E. Baconsky and his wife Clara...

23 December 2009
Ministry of Economy, Commerce and Business Environment Minister of Economy, Commerce and Business Environment Ion Ariton 3 September 2010
Ministry of Education, Research, Youth and Sport Minister of Education, Research, Youth and Sport Daniel Funeriu 23 December 2009
Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism Minister of Regional Development and Tourism Elena Udrea
Elena Udrea
Elena Gabriela Udrea is a Romanian politician. A member of the Democratic Liberal Party , she has been a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest since 2008...

24 December 2009
Ministry of Labor, Family and Social Protection Minister of Labor, Family and Social Protection Sulfina Barbu
Sulfina Barbu
Sulfina Barbu is a Romanian politician and member of the Chamber of Deputies.- Life :A member of the Democratic Liberal Party, she was the President of the Women Organisation of the Democratic Liberal Party and a former Minister of Environment and Water Management in the Romanian Government between...

19 September 2011
Ministry of National Defense Minister of National Defense Gabriel Oprea
Gabriel Oprea
Gabriel Oprea is a Romanian soldier and politician. A member of the National Union for the Progress of Romania and a former member of the Social Democratic Party , he has been a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Ilfov County since 2004...

23 September 2009
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Justice (Romania)
The Ministry of Justice of Romania is one of the fifteen ministries of the Romanian Government. It administers the judicial system.The current minister of justice is Cătălin Predoiu, an independent.-External links:* *...

Minister of Justice Cătălin Predoiu
Catalin Predoiu
Cătălin Marian Predoiu , is a Romanian lawyer. He has been the Minister of Justice of Romania since 29 February 2008....

29 February 2008
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Romania)
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Romania is one of the nineteen ministries of the Government of Romania.The current Minister is Valeriu Tabără. The first post-Communist Minister of Agriculture was Victor Surdu....

Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Romania)
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Romania is one of the nineteen ministries of the Government of Romania.The current Minister is Valeriu Tabără. The first post-Communist Minister of Agriculture was Victor Surdu....

Valeriu Tabără
Valeriu Tabără
Valeriu Tabără is a Romanian agronomist and politician. A member of the Romanian National Unity Party and later the Democratic Liberal Party , he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Timiş County from 1992 to 2000, representing the same county since 2004...

3 September 2010
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Health (Romania)
The Ministry of Health of Romania is one of the fifteen ministries of the Government of Romania.The current Minister is Ladislau Ritli, member of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania ....

Minister of Health Ladislau Ritli 17 August 2011
Ministry of Culture and National Patrimony Minister of Culture and National Patrimony Kelemen Hunor 23 December 2009
Ministry of Environment and Forests Minister of Environment and Forests László Borbély
László Borbély
László Borbély is a Romanian economist and politician. A member of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania , he has been a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Mureş County since 2000, having previously served there from 1990 to 1996...

23 December 2009
Ministry of Communications and Information Society Minister of Communications and Information Society Valerian Vreme 3 September 2010

External links

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